Introduction |
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xxvi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxx | |
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Part 1 Introduction to SPSS in Psychology |
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1 | (30) |
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1 Brief introduction to statistics |
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3 | (14) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1 Basic statistical concepts essential in SPSS analyses |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Basic research designs: comparative versus correlational designs |
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4 | (3) |
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1.3 Different types of variables in statistics |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Descriptive and inferential statistics compared |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5 Related versus unrelated designs |
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11 | (1) |
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1.6 Quick summaries of statistical analyses |
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12 | (1) |
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1.7 Which procedure or test to use |
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12 | (5) |
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2 Basics of SPSS data entry and statistical analysis |
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17 | (14) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.4 Moving within a window with the mouse |
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21 | (1) |
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2.5 Moving within a window using the keyboard keys with the mouse |
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21 | (1) |
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2.6 Saving data to memory device |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7 Opening up a data file |
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23 | (1) |
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2.8 Using `Variable View' to create and label variables |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (2) |
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2.10 Simple statistical calculation with SPSS |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for a statistical analysis |
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29 | (2) |
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Part 2 Descriptive statistics |
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31 | (94) |
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3 Describing variables tabularly |
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33 | (7) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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3.3 When not to use tables |
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35 | (1) |
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3.4 Data requirements for tables |
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35 | (1) |
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3.5 Problems in the use of tables |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.7 Entering summarised categorical or frequency data by weighting |
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36 | (2) |
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3.8 Percentage frequencies |
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38 | (1) |
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3.9 Interpreting the output |
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38 | (1) |
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3.10 Reporting the output |
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39 | (1) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for frequency tables |
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39 | (1) |
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4 Describing variables diagrammatically |
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40 | (15) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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4.3 When not to use diagrams |
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42 | (1) |
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4.4 Data requirements for diagrams |
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42 | (1) |
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4.5 Problems in the use of diagrams |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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4.7 Entering summarised categorical or frequency data by weighting |
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43 | (3) |
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4.8 Pie diagram of category data |
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46 | (1) |
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4.9 Adding labels to the pie diagram and removing the legend and label |
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47 | (2) |
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4.10 Changing the colour of a pie-diagram slice to a black-and-white pattern |
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49 | (2) |
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4.11 Bar chart of category data |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for charts |
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54 | (1) |
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5 Describing variables numerically: Averages, variation and spread |
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55 | (10) |
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55 | (1) |
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5.1 What are averages, variation and spread? |
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56 | (4) |
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5.2 When to use averages, variation and spread |
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60 | (1) |
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5.3 When not to use averages, variation and spread |
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60 | (1) |
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5.4 Data requirements for averages, variation and spread |
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60 | (1) |
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5.5 Problems in the use of averages, variation and spread |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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5.8 Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and range |
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62 | (1) |
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5.9 Interpreting the output |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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5.11 Reporting the output |
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64 | (1) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for descriptive statistics |
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64 | (1) |
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6 Shapes of distributions of scores |
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65 | (11) |
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65 | (1) |
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6.1 What are the different shapes of scores? |
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66 | (3) |
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6.2 When to use histograms and frequency tables of scores |
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69 | (1) |
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6.3 When not to use histograms and frequency tables of scores |
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70 | (1) |
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6.4 Data requirements for using histograms and frequency tables of scores |
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70 | (1) |
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6.5 Problems in using histograms and frequency tables of scores |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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6.9 Interpreting the output |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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6.11 Interpreting the output |
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74 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for frequency distributions |
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75 | (1) |
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7 Relationships between two or more variables Tables |
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76 | (10) |
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76 | (1) |
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7.1 What tables are used to show relationships between variables? |
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77 | (2) |
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7.2 When to use tables to show relationships between variables |
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79 | (1) |
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7.3 When not to use tables to show relationships between variables |
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79 | (1) |
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7.4 Data requirements for tables to show relationships between variables |
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80 | (1) |
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7.5 Problems in the use of tables to show relationships between variables |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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7.9 Crosstabulation with frequencies |
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83 | (1) |
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7.10 Displaying frequencies as a percentage of the total number |
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84 | (1) |
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7.11 Displaying frequencies as a percentage of the column total |
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85 | (1) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for contingency tables |
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85 | (1) |
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8 Relationships between two or more variables Diagrams |
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86 | (13) |
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86 | (1) |
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8.1 What diagrams are used to show relationships between variables? |
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87 | (3) |
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8.2 When to use diagrams to show relationships between variables |
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90 | (1) |
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8.3 When not to use diagrams to show relationships between variables |
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90 | (1) |
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8.4 Data requirements for diagrams to show relationships between variables |
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90 | (1) |
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8.5 Problems in the use of diagrams to show relationships between variables |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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8.9 Compound (stacked) percentage bar chart |
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94 | (2) |
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8.10 Compound (clustered) bar chart |
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96 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for bar charts |
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98 | (1) |
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9 Correlation coefficients: Pearson's correlation and Spearman's rho |
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99 | (14) |
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99 | (1) |
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9.1 What is a correlation coefficient? |
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100 | (3) |
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9.2 When to use Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients |
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103 | (1) |
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9.3 When not to use Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients |
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103 | (1) |
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9.4 Data requirements for Pearson and Spearman rho correlation coefficients |
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103 | (1) |
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9.5 Problems in the use of correlation coefficients |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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9.8 Pearson's correlation |
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105 | (1) |
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9.9 Interpreting the output |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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9.11 Interpreting the output |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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9.13 Interpreting the output |
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110 | (1) |
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9.14 Scattergram with more than one case with the same two values |
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110 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for correlation |
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112 | (1) |
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10 Regression: Prediction with precision |
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113 | (12) |
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113 | (1) |
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10.1 What is simple regression? |
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114 | (2) |
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10.2 When to use simple regression |
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116 | (1) |
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10.3 When not to use simple regression |
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116 | (1) |
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10.4 Data requirements for simple regression |
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116 | (1) |
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10.5 Problems in the use of simple regression |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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10.9 Interpreting the output |
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119 | (1) |
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10.10 Regression scatterplot |
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120 | (3) |
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10.11 Interpreting the output |
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123 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for simple regression |
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124 | (1) |
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Part 3 Significance testing and basic inferential tests |
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125 | (66) |
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11 Related t-test: Comparing two samples of correlated/related/paired scores |
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127 | (9) |
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127 | (1) |
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11.1 What is the related t-test? |
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128 | (2) |
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11.2 When to use the related t-test |
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130 | (1) |
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11.3 When not to use the related t-test |
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131 | (1) |
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11.4 Data requirements for the related t-test |
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131 | (1) |
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11.5 Problems in the use of the related t-test |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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11.9 Interpreting the output |
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133 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for related t-test |
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135 | (1) |
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12 Unrelated t-test: Comparing two groups of unrelated/uncorrelated scores |
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136 | (8) |
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136 | (1) |
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12.1 What is the unrelated t-test? |
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137 | (1) |
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12.2 When to use the unrelated t-test |
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138 | (1) |
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12.3 When not to use the unrelated r-test |
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138 | (1) |
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12.4 Data requirements for the unrelated t-test |
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139 | (1) |
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12.5 Problems in the use of the unrelated t-test |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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12.9 Interpreting the output |
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141 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for unrelated t-test |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (4) |
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144 | (1) |
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13.1 What are confidence intervals? |
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145 | (1) |
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13.2 Relationship between significance and confidence intervals |
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146 | (1) |
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13.3 Confidence intervals and limits in SPSS |
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147 | (1) |
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14 Chi-square: Differences between unrelated samples of frequency data |
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148 | (15) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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14.2 When to use chi-square |
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151 | (1) |
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14.3 When not to use chi-square |
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151 | (1) |
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14.4 Data requirements for chi-square |
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152 | (1) |
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14.5 Problems in the use of chi-square |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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14.7 Entering the data using the `Weighting Cases' procedure |
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153 | (1) |
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14.8 Entering the data case by case |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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14.10 Interpreting the output for chi-square |
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156 | (2) |
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14.11 Fisher's exact test |
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158 | (1) |
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14.12 Interpreting the output for Fisher's exact test |
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158 | (1) |
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14.13 One-sample chi-square |
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159 | (2) |
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14.14 Interpreting the output for a one-sample chi-square |
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161 | (1) |
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14.15 Chi-square without ready-made tables |
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161 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for chi-square |
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162 | (1) |
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15 McNemar's test: Differences between related samples of frequency data |
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163 | (7) |
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163 | (1) |
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15.1 What is McNemar's test? |
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164 | (1) |
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15.2 When to use McNemar's test |
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164 | (1) |
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15.3 When not to use McNemar's test |
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165 | (1) |
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15.4 Data requirements for McNemar's test |
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165 | (1) |
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15.5 Problems in the use of McNemar's test |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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15.7 Entering the data using the `Weighting Cases' procedure |
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166 | (1) |
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15.8 Entering the data case by case |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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15.10 Interpreting the output for McNemar's test |
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168 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for McNemar's test |
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169 | (1) |
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16 Ranking tests for two groups: Non-parametric statistics |
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170 | (11) |
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170 | (1) |
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16.1 What are non-parametric tests? |
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171 | (2) |
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16.2 When to use non-parametric tests |
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173 | (1) |
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16.3 When not to use non-parametric tests |
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173 | (1) |
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16.4 Data requirements for non-parametric tests |
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173 | (1) |
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16.5 Problems in the use of non-parametric tests |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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16.8 Related scores: Sign test |
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175 | (1) |
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16.9 Interpreting the output for the sign test |
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175 | (1) |
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16.10 Related scores: Wilcoxon test |
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176 | (1) |
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16.11 Interpreting the output for the Wilcoxon test |
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176 | (1) |
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16.12 Unrelated scores: Mann-Whitney U-test |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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16.14 Mann-Whitney U-test |
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178 | (1) |
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16.15 Interpreting the output for the Mann-Whitney U-test |
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179 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for non-parametric tests for two groups |
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180 | (1) |
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17 Ranking tests for three or more groups: Non-parametric statistics |
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181 | (10) |
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181 | (1) |
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17.1 What are ranking tests? |
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182 | (1) |
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17.2 When to use ranking tests |
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183 | (1) |
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17.3 When not to use ranking tests |
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183 | (1) |
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17.4 Data requirements for ranking tests |
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183 | (1) |
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17.5 Problems in the use of ranking tests |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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17.7 Friedman three or more related samples test |
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184 | (1) |
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17.8 Entering the data for the Friedman test |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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17.10 Interpreting the output for the Friedman test |
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185 | (1) |
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17.11 Kruskal-Wallis three or more unrelated samples test |
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186 | (1) |
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17.12 Entering the data for the Kruskal-Wallis test |
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187 | (1) |
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17.13 Kruskal-Wallis test |
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188 | (1) |
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17.14 Interpreting the output for the Kruskal-Wallis test |
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189 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for non-parametric tests for three or more groups |
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189 | (2) |
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Part 4 Analysis of variance |
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191 | (84) |
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18 One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for unrelated or uncorrected scores |
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193 | (8) |
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193 | (1) |
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18.1 What is one-way unrelated ANOVA? |
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194 | (1) |
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18.2 When to use one-way unrelated ANOVA |
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195 | (1) |
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18.3 When not to use one-way unrelated ANOVA |
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196 | (1) |
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18.4 Data requirements for one-way unrelated ANOVA |
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196 | (1) |
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18.5 Problems in the use of one-way unrelated ANOVA |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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18.8 One-way unrelated ANOVA |
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197 | (1) |
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18.9 Interpreting the output |
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198 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for one-way unrelated ANOVA |
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199 | (2) |
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19 One-way analysis of variance for correlated scores or repeated measures |
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201 | (9) |
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201 | (1) |
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19.1 What is one-way repeated-measures ANOVA? |
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202 | (1) |
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19.2 When to use repeated-measures ANOVA |
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203 | (1) |
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19.3 When not to use one-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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203 | (1) |
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19.4 Data requirements for one-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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204 | (1) |
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19.5 Problems in the use of one-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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19.8 One-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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205 | (1) |
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19.9 Interpreting the output |
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206 | (4) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for one-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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209 | (1) |
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20 Two-way analysis of variance for unrelated/uncorrelated scores |
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210 | (13) |
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210 | (1) |
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20.1 What is two-way unrelated ANOVA? |
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211 | (3) |
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20.2 When to use two-way unrelated AM OVA |
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214 | (1) |
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20.3 When not to use two-way unrelated ANOVA |
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214 | (1) |
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20.4 Data requirements for two-way unrelated ANOVA |
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214 | (1) |
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20.5 Problems in the use of two-way unrelated ANOVA |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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20.8 Two-way unrelated ANOVA |
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217 | (1) |
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20.9 Interpreting the output |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for two-way unrelated ANOVA |
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221 | (2) |
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21 Multiple comparisons in ANOVA |
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223 | (8) |
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223 | (1) |
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21.1 What is multiple-comparisons testing? |
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224 | (1) |
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21.2 When to use multiple-comparisons tests |
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225 | (1) |
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21.3 When not to use multiple-comparisons tests |
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225 | (1) |
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21.4 Data requirements for multiple-comparisons tests |
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225 | (1) |
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21.5 Problems in the use of multiple-comparisons tests |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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21.8 Multiple-comparisons tests |
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227 | (1) |
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21.9 Interpreting the output |
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228 | (1) |
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21.10 Reporting the output |
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229 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for multiple-comparison tests |
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230 | (1) |
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22 Two-way analysis of variance for correlated scores or repeated measures |
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231 | (13) |
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231 | (1) |
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22.1 What is two-way repeated-measures ANOVA? |
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232 | (2) |
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22.2 When to use two-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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234 | (1) |
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22.3 When not to use two-way repeated-measures AIMOVA |
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235 | (1) |
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22.4 Data requirements for two-way related-measures ANOVA |
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235 | (1) |
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22.5 Problems in the use of two-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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22.8 Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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236 | (2) |
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22.9 Interpreting the output |
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238 | (4) |
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22.10 Reporting the output |
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242 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for two-way repeated-measures ANOVA |
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242 | (2) |
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23 Two-way mixed analysis of variance |
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244 | (10) |
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244 | (1) |
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23.1 What is two-way mixed ANOVA? |
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245 | (1) |
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23.2 When to use two-way mixed ANOVA |
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245 | (1) |
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23.3 When not to use two-way mixed ANOVA |
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246 | (1) |
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23.4 Data requirements for two-way mixed ANOVA |
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247 | (1) |
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23.5 Problems in the use of two-way mixed ANOVA |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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23.9 Interpreting the output |
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250 | (1) |
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23.10 Reporting the output |
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251 | (3) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for mixed ANOVA |
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252 | (2) |
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24 One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) |
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254 | (11) |
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254 | (1) |
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24.1 What is one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)? |
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255 | (1) |
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24.2 When to use one-way ANCOVA |
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256 | (1) |
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24.3 When not to use one-way ANCOVA |
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256 | (1) |
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24.4 Data requirements for one-way ANCOVA |
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257 | (1) |
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24.5 Problems in the use of one-way ANCOVA |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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24.9 Testing that the slope of the regression line within cells is similar |
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259 | (1) |
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24.10 Interpreting the output |
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259 | (1) |
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24.11 Testing the full model |
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260 | (2) |
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24.12 Interpreting the output |
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262 | (1) |
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24.13 Reporting the output |
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263 | (2) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for one-way ANCOVA 2 |
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|
63 | (202) |
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25 One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) |
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265 | (10) |
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265 | (1) |
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25.1 What is one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MAIMOVA)? |
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266 | (1) |
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25.2 When to use one-way MANOVA |
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267 | (1) |
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25.3 When not to use one-way MANOVA |
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268 | (1) |
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25.4 Data requirements for one-way MAIMOVA |
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269 | (1) |
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25.5 Problems in the use of one-way MANOVA |
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269 | (1) |
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|
269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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|
270 | (1) |
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25.9 Interpreting the output |
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271 | (3) |
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25.10 Reporting the output |
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274 | (1) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for one-way MANOVA |
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|
274 | (1) |
|
Part 5 More advanced statistics |
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275 | (98) |
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277 | (7) |
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277 | (1) |
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26.1 What is partial correlation? |
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278 | (2) |
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26.2 When to use partial correlation |
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280 | (1) |
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26.3 When not to use partial correlation |
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280 | (1) |
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26.4 Data requirements for partial correlation |
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280 | (1) |
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26.5 Problems in the use of partial correlation |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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26.9 Interpreting the output |
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282 | (1) |
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26.11 Reporting the output |
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283 | (1) |
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Summary of SPSS steps for partial correlation |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (13) |
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284 | (1) |
|
27.1 What is factor analysis? |
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285 | (2) |
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27.2 When to use factor analysis |
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287 | (1) |
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27.3 When not to use factor analysis |
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288 | (1) |
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27.4 Data requirements for factor analysis |
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288 | (1) |
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27.5 Problems in the use of factor analysis |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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|
289 | (1) |
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27.8 Principal components analysis with orthogonal rotation |
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290 | (3) |
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27.9 Interpreting the output |
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|
293 | (2) |
|
27.10 Reporting the output |
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|
295 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for factor analysis |
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|
296 | (1) |
|
28 Item reliability and inter-rater agreement |
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297 | (13) |
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|
297 | (1) |
|
28.1 What are item reliability and inter-rater agreement? |
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298 | (2) |
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28.2 When to use item reliability and inter-rater agreement |
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300 | (1) |
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28.3 When not to use item reliability and inter-rater agreement |
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|
301 | (1) |
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28.4 Data requirements for item reliability and inter-rater agreement |
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|
301 | (1) |
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28.5 Problems in the use of item reliability and inter-rater agreement? |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
28.6 Data to be analysed for item alpha reliability |
|
|
302 | (1) |
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|
302 | (1) |
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|
303 | (1) |
|
28.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
28.10 Split-half reliability |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
28.11 Interpreting the output |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
28.12 Data to be analysed for inter-rater agreement (kappa) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
28.15 Interpreting the output |
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for reliability |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
29 Stepwise multiple regression |
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310 | (11) |
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|
310 | (1) |
|
29.1 What is stepwise multiple regression? |
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|
311 | (1) |
|
29.2 When to use stepwise multiple regression |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
29.3 When not to use stepwise multiple regression |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
29.4 Data requirements for stepwise multiple regression |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
29.5 Problems in the use of stepwise multiple regression |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
29.8 Stepwise multiple regression analysis |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
29.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
29.10 Reporting the output |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for stepwise multiple regression |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
30 Simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
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|
321 | (13) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
30.1 What is simultaneous or standard multiple regression? |
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
30.2 When to use simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
30.3 When not to use simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
30.4 Data requirements for simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
30.5 Problems in the use of simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
30.8 Simultaneous or standard multiple regression analysis |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
30.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
30.10 Reporting the output |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
31 Simple mediational analysis |
|
|
334 | (10) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
31.1 What is simple mediational analysis? |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
31.2 When to use simple mediational analysis |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
31.3 When not to use simple mediational analysis |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
31.4 Data requirements for a simple mediational analysis |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
31.5 Problems in the use of simple mediational analysis |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
31.8 Simultaneous multiple regression analysis |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
31.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
31.10 Reporting the output |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for simultaneous or standard multiple regression |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
32 Hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
344 | (10) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
32.1 What is hierarchical multiple regression? |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
32.2 When to use hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
32.3 When not to use hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
32.4 Data requirements for hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
32.5 Problems in the use of hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
32.8 Hierarchical multiple regression analysis |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
32.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
32.10 Reporting the output |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for hierarchical multiple regression |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (9) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
33.1 What is log-linear analysis? |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
33.2 When to use log-linear analysis |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
33.3 When not to use log-linear analysis |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
33.4 Data requirements for log-linear analysis |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
33.5 Problems in the use of log-linear analysis |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
33.9 Interpreting the output |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
33.10 Reporting the output |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for log-linear analysis |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (10) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
34.1 What is meta-analysis? |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
34.2 When to use meta-analysis |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
34.3 When not to use meta-analysis |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
34.4 Data requirements for meta-analysis |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
34.5 Problems in the use of meta-analysis |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
34.8 Interpreting the output |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
34.9 Reporting the output |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
Part 6 Data handling procedures |
|
|
373 | (44) |
|
|
375 | (7) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
35.1 What are missing values? |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
35.3 Defining missing values |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
35.4 Pairwise and listwise options |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
35.5 Sample output for pairwise exclusion |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
35.6 Sample output for listwise exclusion |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
35.7 Interpreting the output |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
35.8 Reporting the output |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for handling missing values |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (8) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
36.1 What is recoding values? |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (3) |
|
36.4 Recoding missing values |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
36.5 Saving the recode procedure as a syntax file |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
36.6 Adding some extra cases to Table 36.1 |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
36.7 Running the Recode syntax command |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for recoding values |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
37 Computing a scale score with some values missing |
|
|
390 | (7) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
37.1 What is computing a scale score with some values missing? |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
37.3 Computing a scale score with some values missing |
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
37.4 Saving the Compute procedure as a syntax file |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
37.5 Adding some extra cases to Table 37.1 |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
37.6 Running the Compute syntax command |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for computing a scale score with some missing values |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
38 Computing a new group variable from existing group variables |
|
|
397 | (7) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
38.1 What is computing a new group variable from existing group variables? |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
38.3 Syntax file for computing a new group variable from existing group variables |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
38.4 Running the Compute syntax commands |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
38.5 Computing a new group using menus and dialogue boxes |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for computing a new group variable from existing group variables |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (6) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
39.1 What is selecting cases? |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
406 | (4) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for selecting cases |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
40 Reading ASCII or text files into the `Data Editor' |
|
|
410 | (7) |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
40.1 What is an ASCII or text data file? |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
40.2 Entering data into an ASCII or text data file |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
40.3 Reading an ASCII or text data file |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
Summary of SPSS steps for inputting an ASCII or text data file |
|
|
416 | (1) |
Glossary |
|
417 | (7) |
Index |
|
424 | |