"Does the use of ChatGPT to practice homework problems improve scores? Were mask mandates motivated by politics during the COVID-19 pandemic? Are there differences in education levels among men and women who use online dating applications? Do students from high-income families earn higher SAT scores? These are just some of the examples used in this book, An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata: From Research Design to Final Product, second edition, to illustrate the endless number of interesting questions that can be examined with statistics. Drawing on our 25 years of experience in teaching data analysis to undergraduate students and designing over 30 surveys in 17 countries, we have incorporated four essential elements in this book that we believe are fundamental to the practice of data analysis. 1. The book provides an introduction to research design and data collection, including questionnaire design, sample selection, sampling weights, and data cleaning. These topics are an important part of empirical research and provide students with the skills to conduct their own research and evaluate research carried out by others. 2. We frame data analysis within the research process-identifying gaps in the literature, examining the theory,developing research questions, designing a questionnaire or using secondary data, analyzing the data, and writing a research paper. 3. We emphasize the use of code or command files in Stata rather than the point-andclick menu features of the software. Webelieve that students should be taught to write programs that document their analysis, as this allows them to reproduce their work during follow-up analyses and to facilitate collaborative work. We do, however, include brief instructions on the use of Stata menus for each command. 4. The book teaches students how to describe statistical results for technical and nontechnical audiences. Being able to explain the results to various audiences is just as important as choosing the correct statistical test andgenerating results"--
The Second Edition of An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®: From Research Design to Final Report provides an integrated approach to methods, statistics, data analysis, and interpretation of results. Authors Lisa Daniels and Nicholas Minot feature examples from social science research and news articles along with concise descriptions of statistics, allowing readers to understand the context of data analysis while also learning to communicate their results.
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The book by Daniels and Minot helps students understand how to conduct empirical research. The authors concise and straightforward approach makes complicated topics easy to grasp, while their emphasis on a hands-on experience approach utilizing Stata further enhances the practicality of the material. -- Hector H. Sandoval An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis is a perfect example of a text that helps students learn how to use Stata and interpret statistical output! I often tell students that real statisticians do not use paper and pencil or a graphing calculator to crunch numbers. We use Stata and this book integrates Stata into the learning process. -- Michael Danza This textbook is a valuable resource for teaching students the basics of quantitative analysis with Stata. Its clear writing style ensures content accessibility. The simple explanations and practical examples maintain student engagement. Additionally, the book seamlessly integrates theoretical concepts with real-world applications, enhancing understanding and fostering critical thinking skills. -- Nurgul R. Aitalieva This is a great book for an undergraduate student population just getting into quantitative methods and Stata. -- Jill Weinberg The writing is very clear and accessible, yet the statistical coverage is thorough enough for graduate students. The examples of how to use commands and how to interpret output are great references for students after they finish the course. -- Janet P. Stamatel I LOVE how you use applied examples as I endeavor to do this every week for them and have found some great examples within this work! It brings the fun world of data analysis right to them so they can see why it is important. I think the authors also did a great job on varying topics across social science disciplines, not neglecting hardly a one anywhereno room for improvement and only wish more analysis books did featuring so well. -- Kara Sutton Takes the approach we do that you have to start with good research methods, assumes no prior stat knowledge, focuses on the foundational basics that students already know but dont really understand (this is a big strength of the book!), and teaches those basics in conjunction with Stata coding. -- Chelsea Rae Kelly The second chapter offers a comprehensive guide on presenting students research papers. It includes concrete examples illustrating each section of a research paper, making it particularly beneficial for students unfamiliar with this type of writing. Furthermore, the paper by Talan and Kalinkara (2023) on ChatGPT serves as a bridge between academic research and our daily lives. It highlights that academic knowledge, including what students learn from this book, is not separate from our everyday experiences. -- Jaeyun Sung
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I The Research Process And Data Collection
Chapter 1 A Brief Overview of the Research Process
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Is Research
1.3 Steps In The Research Process
1.4 Conclusion
Exercises
Chapter 2 Sampling Techniques
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sample Design
2.3 Selecting A Sample
2.4 Sampling Weights
Exercises
Chapter 3 Questionnaire Design
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types Of Questionnaires
3.3 Guidelines For Questionnaire Design
3.4 Recording Responses
3.5 Skip Patterns
3.6 Ethical Issues
Exercises
Part II Describing Data
Chapter 4 An Introduction to Stata
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Opening Stata And Stata Windows
4.3 Working With Existing Data
4.4 Setting Preferences In Stata
4.5 Entering Your Own Data Into Stata
4.6 Using Log Files And Saving Your Work
4.7 Getting Help
4.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 5 Preparing and Transforming Your Data
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Checking For Outliers
5.3 Creating New Variables
5.4 Missing Values In Stata
5.5 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 6 Descriptive Statistics
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types Of Variables And Measurement
6.3 Descriptive Statistics For All Types Of Variables: Frequency Tables
And Modes
6.4 Descriptive Statistics For Variables Measured As Ordinal, Interval,
And Ratio Scales: Median And Percentiles
6.5 Descriptive Statistics For Continuous Variables: Mean, Variance,
Standard Deviation, And Coefficient Of Variation
6.6 Descriptive Statistics For Categorical Variables Measured On A Nominal
Or Ordinal Scale: Cross Tabulation
6.7 Applying Sampling Weights
6.8 Formatting Output For Use In A Document (Word, Google Docs, Etc.)
6.9 Graphs To Describe Data
6.10 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Part III Testing Hypotheses
Chapter 7 The Normal Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Statistical
Significance
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Normal Distribution And Standard Scores
7.3 Sampling Distributions And Standard Errors
7.4 Examining The Theory And Identifying The Research Question And
Hypothesis
7.5 Testing For Statistical Significance Between A Sample Mean And A
Population Mean
7.6 Rejecting Or Not Rejecting The Null Hypothesis
7.7 Interpreting The Results
7.8 Central Limit Theorem
7.9 Presenting The Results
7.10 Comparing A Sample Proportion To A Population Proportion
7.11 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 8 Testing a Hypothesis About a Single Mean and a Single Proportion
8.1 Introduction
8.2 When To Use The One-Sample t Test
8.3 Calculating The One-Sample t Test
8.4 Conducting A One-Sample t Test
8.5 Interpreting The Output
8.6 Presenting The Results
8.7 Estimating A Population Proportion From A Sample Proportion
8.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 9 Testing a Hypothesis About Two Independent Means
9.1 Introduction
9.2 When To Use A Two Independentsamples t Test
9.3 Calculating The t Statistic
9.4 Conducting A t Test
9.5 Interpreting The Output
9.6 Presenting The Results
9.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 10 One-Way Analysis of Variance
10.1 Introduction
10.2 When To Use One-Way ANOVA
10.3 Calculating The F Ratio
10.4 Conducting A One-Way ANOVA Test
10.5 Interpreting The Output
10.6 Is One Mean Different or are all of Them Different?
10.7 Presenting The Results
10.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 11 Comparing Categorical Variables The Chi-Squared Test and
Proportions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 When To Use The Chi-Squared Test
11.3 Calculating The Chi-Square Statistic
11.4 Conducting A Chi-Squared Test
11.5 Interpreting The Output
11.6 Presenting The Results
11.7 Comparing Proportions Or Binary Categorical Variables
11.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Part IV Exploring Relationships
Chapter 12 Linear Regression Analysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 When To Use Regression Analysis
12.3 Correlation
12.4 Simple Regression Analysis
12.5 Multiple Regression Analysis
12.6 Presenting The Results
12.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 13 Regression Diagnostics
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Measurement Error
13.3 Specification Error
13.4 Multicollinearity
13.5 Heteroscedasticity
13.6 Endogeneity
13.7 Nonnormality
13.8 Presenting The Results
13.9 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 14 Regression Analysis with Binary Dependent Variables
14.1 Introduction
14.2 When To Use Logit Or Probit Analysis
14.3 Understanding The Logit Model
14.4 Running A Logit Model
14.5 Interpreting The Results Of A Logit Model
14.6 Logit Versus Probit Regression Models
14.7 Presenting The Results
14.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Chapter 15 Introduction to Advanced Topics in Regression Analysis
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Regression With A Categorical Dependent Variable
15.3 Instrumental Variables Regression
15.4 Regression With Time-Series Data
15.5 Regression That Combines Cross-Section And Time-Series Data
15.6 Summary Of Commands Used In This
Chapter
Exercises
Part V Writing A Research Paper
Chapter 16 Writing a Research Paper
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Introduction Section Of A Research Paper
16.3 Literature Review
16.4 Theory, Data, And Methods
16.5 Results
16.6 Discussion
16.7 Conclusions
Exercises
Appendices
Appendix 1 Quick Reference Guide to Stata Commands
Appendix 2 Summary of Statistical Tests by
Chapter
Appendix 3 Decision Tree for Choosing the Right Statistic
Appendix 4 Decision Rules for Statistical Significance
Appendix 5 Areas Under the Normal Curve (Z Scores)
Appendix 6 Critical Values of the t Distribution
Appendix 7 Stata Code for Random Sampling
Appendix 8 Examples of Nonlinear Functions
Appendix 9 Estimating the Minimum Sample Size
Appendix 10 Description of the Data Sets Used in the Textbook
Glossary
About the Authors
Index
Lisa Daniels is the Hodson Trust Professor Emeritus of Economics at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. She specializes in development in Africa, where she worked for 10 years, beginning as a Peace Corps volunteer. During her time in Africa, she studied agricultural markets, market information systems, poverty trends, and micro- and small-scale enterprises. As part of her research on micro- and small-scale enterprises, she directed national surveys of 7,000 to 56,000 households and businesses in Bangladesh, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, and Zimbabwe funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development. In each survey, she was responsible for the questionnaire design, sample selection, data collection and analysis, and report preparation. Her work from these surveys and other research in Africa and Asia appears in consulting reports and in peer-reviewed journals. In addition to research and fieldwork, she has taught a range of courses over the past 28 years, including a research methods course and a data analysis course that she has taught over 20 times. She has also presented her work related to teaching at more than a dozen workshops.
Nicholas Minot is a Senior Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Washington, D.C. Since joining IFPRI in 1997, he has carried out research on agricultural market reform, income diversification, spatial patterns in policy, and food price volatility in developing countries. This research often involves carrying out surveys of farmers, cooperatives, traders, and consumers to better understand changes in food marketing systems. In addition to research, he is involved in outreach and capacity-building activities, including offering short courses on the use of Stata for survey data analysis. Before joining IFPRI, he taught at the University of Illinois in UrbanaChampaign, served as a policy adviser in Zimbabwe, and analyzed survey data in Rwanda. Overall, he has worked in more than two dozen countries in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, and Asia.
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