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E-raamat: Islam in the Digital Age: E-Jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments

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Focusing on the warlike and authoritarian stereotype of Islam that seems to have blinded westerners, persistently for the past few decades and intermittently for the past few centuries, Bunt (U. of Wales, Lampeter) describes how Muslims do and might further their nefarious purposes through the World Wide Web and other avenues of the Internet. Hacking and cracking, mujahideen in cyberspace, and religious authority on the Internet are the main topics. He doe mention, however, the greater and lesser E-jihad, a jihad for peace, online advice, and Islamic diversity. Distributed in the US by Stylus. Annotation (c) Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)



The Internet is an increasingly important source of information for many people in the Muslim world. Many Muslims in majority and minority contexts rely on the Internet -- including websites and e-mail -- as a primary source of news, information and communication about Islam. As a result, a new media culture is emerging which is having a significant impact on areas of global Muslim consciousness. Post-September 11th, this phenomenon has grown more rapidly than ever.

Gary R. Bunt provides a fascinating account of the issues at stake, identifying two radical new concepts:

Firstly, the emergence of e-jihad ('Electronic Jihad') originating from diverse Muslim perspectives -- this is described in its many forms relating to the different definitions of 'jihad', including on-line activism (ranging from promoting militaristic activities to hacking, to co-ordinating peaceful protests) and Muslim expression post 9/11.

Secondly, he discusses religious authority on the Internet -- including the concept of on-line fatwas and their influence in diverse settings, and the complexities of conflicting notions of religious authority.



The Internet is very big in the Arab world. After Al-Jazeera, it is the second most important source of dissenting opinion. Literally, millions of people in the Muslim world rely on web-sites to get their information and fatwas. A whole new life of cyber Imams and a new culture is emerging through Internet programmes and will have a profound effect on Arab consciousness. This book documents all this and examines various sites and offers the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Internet on Islamic culture.Zia Sardar, author of Postmodernism and the Other and Why Do People Hate AmericaThe Internet is an increasingly important source of information for many people in the Muslim world. Many Muslims in majority and minority contexts rely on the Internet -- including websites and e-mail -- as a primary source of news, information and communication about Islam. As a result, a new media culture is emerging which is having a significant impact on areas of global Muslim consciousness. Post-September 11th, this phenomenon has grown more rapidly than ever.Gary R. Bunt provides a fascinating account of the issues at stake, identifying two radical new concepts: Firstly, the emergence of e-jihad ('Electronic Jihad') originating from diverse Muslim perspectives -- this is described in its many forms relating to the different definitions of 'jihad', including on-line activism (ranging from promoting militaristic activities to hacking, to co-ordinating peaceful protests) and Muslim expression post 9/11. Secondly, he discusses religious authority on the Internet -- including the concept of on-line fatwas and their influence in diverse settings, and the complexities of conflicting notions of religious authority.


'A fascinating exploration of religion and technology as manifested in cyberspace.' --Professor Carl Ernst, University of North Carolina

Arvustused

Islam in the Digital Age: E-Jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments is valuable for its thorough examination of how Islam interacts with todays technology.  -- Introduction to Islam, Elizabethtown College, USA

Acknowledgements viii
1 Introduction 1(24)
Approaching Cyber Islamic Environments
1(3)
Defining Cyber Islamic Environments
4(4)
Accessing Cyber Islamic Environments
8(5)
Analysing Cyber Islamic Environments
13(3)
Researching Cyber Islamic Environments
16(3)
Book Structure
19(1)
Transliteration
20(5)
2 'The Digital Sword'? and Defining 'E Jihad' 25(12)
The Symbolism of Jihad
25(8)
The Greater and Lesser E -Jihad
33(4)
3 Hacktivism, Hacking and Cracking in the Name of Islam 37(30)
Hacking for Islam
38(18)
The New Exegesis: Encryption and the Use of E-mail
56(11)
4 Cyber Islamic Reactions to 9-11: Mujahideen in Cyberspace 67(24)
5 Cyber Islamic Reactions to 9-11: The 'Inter-fada' and Global E-jihad 91(21)
6 Cyber Islamic Reactions to 9-11: Jihad for Peace 112(12)
E-Jihad: Concluding Comments
121(3)
7 Islamic Decision-Making and Advice Online 124(11)
Defining Islamic Authority Online
125(10)
8 Sunni Religious Authority on the Internet I: Muslim Majority Contexts 135(32)
Analysis of Sunni Websites - Majority Contexts
138(22)
Islam Q&A
138(4)
Fatwa-Online
142(5)
Islam-Online
147(13)
Other Influences in Sunni Majority Cyberspace
160(7)
South East Asia
160(2)
Bosnia
162(5)
9 Sunni Religious Authority on the Internet II: Muslim Minority 167(17)
Analysis of Sunni Websites - Minority Contexts
167(12)
Ask-Imam.com
167(6)
Troid.org
173(1)
Pakistan Link
174(2)
The Figh Council of North America
176(2)
As-Sunna Foundation of America
178(1)
Conclusion: Sunni Religious Authority on the Internet
179(5)
10 The Online Mujtahid: Islamic Diversity and Authority Online 184(21)
Locating Shia Religious Authority on the Internet
184(14)
Concluding Comment: Shi'ism
198(1)
Locating Sufi Religious Authority on the Internet
198(2)
Other Perspectives
200(1)
Islamic Religious Authority Online: Conclusion
201(4)
11 Islam in the Digital Age 205(7)
Bibliography 212(15)
Glossary of Islamic Terminology 227(3)
Index 230
Gary R. Bunt is Professor of Islamic Studies at University of Wales. He is the author of Virtually Islamic (University of Wales Press, 2000), The Good Web Guide to World Religions (The Good Web Guide, 2001) and Islam in the Digital Age (Pluto Press, 2003).