Preface |
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ix | |
Exercise |
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xiv | |
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Chapter 1 Why Factor Integers? |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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§1.1 Public-Key Cryptography |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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§1.3 Repeating Decimal Fractions |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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§1.5 The Cunningham Project |
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9 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Number Theory Review |
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13 | (28) |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (5) |
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§2.5 Arithmetic Functions |
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33 | (3) |
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§2.6 Quadratic Congruences |
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36 | (5) |
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39 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Number Theory Relevant to Factoring |
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41 | (34) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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§3.2 Finding Modular Square Roots |
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44 | (3) |
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§3.3 Cyclotomic Polynomials |
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47 | (2) |
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§3.4 Divisibility Sequences and bm -- 1 |
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49 | (6) |
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55 | (1) |
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§3.6 Factors of Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (16) |
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71 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 How Are Factors Used? |
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75 | (44) |
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75 | (1) |
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§4.1 Aurifeuillian Factorizations |
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76 | (7) |
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83 | (5) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (2) |
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§4.5 Linear Feedback Shift Registers |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (3) |
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§4.8 Cryptographic Applications |
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104 | (9) |
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113 | (6) |
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116 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Simple Factoring Algorithms |
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119 | (24) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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§5.2 Fermat's Difference of Squares Method |
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123 | (4) |
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§5.3 Hart's One-Line Factoring Algorithm |
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127 | (1) |
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§5.4 Lehman's Variation of Fermat |
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128 | (4) |
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§5.5 The Lehmers' Factoring Method |
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132 | (3) |
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§5.6 Pollard's Rho Method |
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135 | (3) |
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§5.7 Pollard's p -- 1 Method |
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138 | (5) |
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141 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Continued Fractions |
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143 | (30) |
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143 | (1) |
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§6.1 Basic Facts about Continued Fractions |
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144 | (3) |
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§6.2 McKee's Variation of Fermat |
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147 | (2) |
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§6.3 Periodic Continued Fractions |
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149 | (4) |
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§6.4 A General Plan for Factoring |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (3) |
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§6.6 Continued Fraction Factoring Algorithm |
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158 | (5) |
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§6.7 SQUFOF---SQUare FOrms Factoring |
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163 | (6) |
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169 | (4) |
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170 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Elliptic Curves |
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173 | (18) |
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173 | (1) |
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§7.1 Basic Properties of Elliptic Curves |
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174 | (7) |
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§7.2 Factoring with Elliptic Curves |
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181 | (6) |
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§7.3 Primality Proving with Elliptic Curves |
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187 | (1) |
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§7.4 Applications of Factoring to Elliptic Curves |
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188 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Sieve Algorithms |
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191 | (28) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (7) |
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202 | (3) |
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§8.4 Schroeppel's Linear Sieve |
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205 | (2) |
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§8.5 The Number Field Sieve |
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207 | (12) |
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217 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Factoring Devices |
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219 | (20) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (11) |
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230 | (9) |
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237 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Theoretical and Practical Factoring |
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239 | (34) |
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239 | (1) |
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§10.1 Theoretical Factoring |
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240 | (4) |
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§10.2 Multiprecise Arithmetic |
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244 | (2) |
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§10.3 Factoring---There's an App for That |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (5) |
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§10.5 Dirty Tricks with Lattices |
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253 | (9) |
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§10.6 The Future of Factoring |
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262 | (7) |
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267 | (2) |
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Appendix. Answers and Hints for Exercises |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
Bibliography |
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273 | (14) |
Index |
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287 | |