E-raamat: Juvenile Justice: An Introduction

Preface

CHAPTER 1 Introduction: The Definition and Extent of Delinquency

Introduction
Defining Delinquency
Defining a Juvenile
The Extent of Delinquency
Comparing the Delinquency Measures
Summary

CHAPTER 2 The History of Juvenile Justice

Introduction
Property and Person
The Rise of Juvenile Institutions
The Establishment of the Juvenile Court
Benevolence or Self-Interest?
Juvenile Justice from 1920 to the 1960s
Changes since the 1960s
Summary

CHAPTER 3 Explaining Delinquency: Biological and Psychological Approaches

Introduction
Theoretical Schools of Thought
Biological and Sociobiological Theories
Psychological Explanations
Summary

CHAPTER 4 Sociological Explanations of Delinquency

Introduction
The Ecological Perspective
Sociological Learning Theories
Strain Theories
Subcultural Theories
Routine Activities and Rational Choice
Control Theories
The Labeling Perspective
Life-Course and Developmental Theories
The Impact of Theories on Juvenile Justice
Summary

CHAPTER 5 Gang Delinquency

Introduction
Gangs Defined
Early Gang Research
The Extent of Gang Membership
Characteristics of Gangs
Why Do Youths Join Gangs?
Gang Behavior
Do Gangs Cause Delinquency
Intervention with Gangs
Summary

CHAPTER 6 Drugs and Delinquency

Introduction
Gauging the Extent of Drug Use
The DrugsDelinquency Connection
Research on the DrugsDelinquency Relationship
Interventions
Alternative Responses to Drug Use
Summary: The Response of the Juvenile Justice System

CHAPTER 7: Policing and Juveniles

Introduction
Statistics on Police Work with Juveniles
Professional Policing and Juveniles
The Police and Juveniles
Community or Problem-Solving Policing
Citizen Attitudes toward the Police
Recent Issues in Policing Concerning Juveniles
Police Effectiveness with Juvenile Crime
Summary

CHAPTER 8 The Juvenile Court Process

Introduction
Detention
Detention Alternatives
The Intake Decision
Processing Juveniles in Adult Criminal Court
Adjudication and Disposition
Summary

CHAPTER 9 Due Process and Juveniles

Introduction
The Landmark Supreme Court Cases
Additional Supreme Court Rulings
Search and Seizure
Rights in School
Rights at Home and in the Community
Summary

CHAPTER 10 Institutional/Residential Interventions

Introduction
Institutional Corrections for Juveniles
State Training Schools
Other PlacementsProgram Effectiveness
Institutional Life
New Directions in Institutional Interventions
Summary

CHAPTER 11 Juvenile Probation and Community Corrections

Introduction
Probation
Aftercare
Supervision and Counseling
Current Trends in Community Supervision
Effectiveness of Juvenile Probation and Related Sanctions
Effective and Ineffective Treatment Interventions with Offenders
Continuing Concerns in Community Corrections
Summary

CHAPTER 12 Prevention in Juvenile Justice

Introduction
Risk Factors and Prevention
Addressing Community Risk Factors
Parent Training
Preschools Programs
Skills Training
Resistance Skills Training
Anti-Bullying Prevention
Mentoring Programs
Conflict Management/Resolution
Multi-Component Programs
Restorative Justice
Summary

CHAPTER 13 The Victimization of Juveniles

Introduction
The Extent of Victimization
Explaining Juvenile Victimization
Responses to Victimization
The Role of Formal Social Control Agencies
Summary: The Need to Recognize the Victim

CHAPTER 14 Future Directions in Juvenile Justice

Introduction
Proposals for Reforming Juvenile Court
Broader Issues
Capital Punishment for Juveniles
Life Sentences for Juveniles Who Murder
Jurisdiction over Status Offenses
Conclusion

Glossary
References
Court Cases
Index

John T. Whitehead was Professor Emeritus and former Chair in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at East Tennessee State University. He completed his MA at the University of Notre Dame and earned his PhD in Criminal Justice from the University at Albany. He has published articles about corrections, probation, and the death penalty. He is the co-author of Ethics in Criminal Justice: The Search for the Truth, Report Writing for Criminal Justice Professionals, and Teaching Criminal Justice. John Whitehead passed away in January, 2026, shortly before the publication of this book. He is survived by his wife, Patricia, and his sons, Dan and Tim.

Steven P. Lab is an Emeritus Professor of Criminal Justice at Bowling Green State University where he served as Director of Criminal Justice for 27 years and Chair of Human Services for 17 years. He holds a PhD in Criminology from the Florida State University School of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He is the author or co-author of eight books, co-editor of one encyclopedia, and author of more than 50 articles and book chapters.

Gregory C. Rocheleau is an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Ball State University. His research interests include bullying, criminological theory, and juvenile delinquency. His most recent scholarship examines bullying victimization among LGBTQ+ youth, e-cigarette use among youth, and theoretical integration of labeling and strain perspectives.