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E-raamat: Kernelization: Theory of Parameterized Preprocessing

(Universitetet i Bergen, Norway), , (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel), (Universitetet i Bergen, Norway)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108577335
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108577335

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Preprocessing, or data reduction, is a standard technique for simplifying and speeding up computation. Written by a team of experts in the field, this book introduces a rapidly developing area of preprocessing analysis known as kernelization. The authors provide an overview of basic methods and important results, with accessible explanations of the most recent advances in the area, such as meta-kernelization, representative sets, polynomial lower bounds, and lossy kernelization. The text is divided into four parts, which cover the different theoretical aspects of the area: upper bounds, meta-theorems, lower bounds, and beyond kernelization. The methods are demonstrated through extensive examples using a single data set. Written to be self-contained, the book only requires a basic background in algorithmics and will be of use to professionals, researchers and graduate students in theoretical computer science, optimization, combinatorics, and related fields.

This self-contained introduction to kernelization, a rapidly developing area of preprocessing analysis, is for researchers, professionals, and graduate students in computer science and optimization. It includes recent advances in upper and lower bounds and meta-theorems, and demonstrates methods through extensive examples using a single data set.

Arvustused

'Kernelization is one of the most important and most practical techniques coming from parameterized complexity. In parameterized complexity, kernelization is the technique of data reduction with a performance guarantee. From humble beginnings in the 1990's it has now blossomed into a deep and broad subject with important applications, and a well-developed theory. Time is right for a monograph on this subject. The authors are some of the leading lights in this area. This is an excellent and well-designed monograph, fully suitable for both graduate students and practitioners to bring them to the state of the art. The authors are to be congratulated for this fine book.' Rod Downey, Victoria University of Wellington 'Kernelization is an important technique in parameterized complexity theory, supplying in many cases efficient algorithms for preprocessing an input to a problem and transforming it to a smaller one. The book provides a comprehensive treatment of this active area, starting with the basic methods and covering the most recent developments. This is a beautiful manuscript written by four leading researchers in the area.' Noga Alon, Princeton University, New Jersey and Tel Aviv University 'This book will be of great interest to computer science students and researchers concerned with practical combinatorial optimization, offering the first comprehensive survey of the rapidly developing mathematical theory of pre-processing - a nearly universal algorithmic strategy when dealing with real-world datasets. Concrete open problems in the subject are nicely highlighted.' Michael Fellows, Universitetet i Bergen, Norway 'The study of kernelization is a relatively recent development in algorithm research. With mathematical rigor and giving the intuition behind the ideas, this book is an excellent and comprehensive introduction to this new field. It covers the entire spectrum of topics, from basic and advanced algorithmic techniques to lower bounds, and goes beyond these with meta-theorems and variations on the notion of kernelization. The book is suitable for students wanting to learn the field as well as experts, who would both benefit from the full coverage of topics.' Hans L. Bodlaender, Universiteit Utrecht 'The book is well written and provides a wealth of examples to illustrate concepts, while being succinct.' D. Papamichail, Choice 'The book does a good job in several ways: it can serve as the first textbook on this flourishing area of research; it is also very useful for self-study, as it contains quite a number of exercises, with further pointers to the literature. In addition, it gives quite a good overview of the present state-of-the-art and can therefore help researchers in the area to discover results that (s)he might have missed due to the speed in which the area has developed over the last decade.' Henning Fernau, MathSciNet 'This book studies the research area of kernelization, which consists of the techniques used for data reduction via pre-processing in order to speed up data analysis computations the book explores very novel and complex ideas, it is well written with attention to detail and easy to follow. The book concludes with a useful list of relevant references.' Efstratios Rappos, zbMATH 'The book manages to present an incredible number of techniques, methods, and examples in its 528 pages. Each chapter ends with a bibliographic notes section, which often provides some small historical context for the material covered. It also points to more current results and papers although it does so very briefly. Together, this makes the textbook a valuable resource book to researchers.' Tim Jackman and Steve Homer, SIGACT News

Muu info

A complete introduction to recent advances in preprocessing analysis, or kernelization, with extensive examples using a single data set.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiv
1 What Is a Kernel?
1(12)
1.1 Introduction
1(5)
1.2 Kernelization: Formal Definition
6(7)
PART I UPPER BOUNDS
13(242)
2 Warm Up
15(17)
2.1 Trivial Kernelization
16(2)
2.2 Vertex Cover
18(3)
2.3 Feedback Arc Set in Tournaments
21(1)
2.4 Dominating Set in Graphs of Girth at Least 5
22(3)
2.5 Alternative Parameterization for Vertex Cover
25(3)
2.6 Edge Clique Cover
28(4)
3 Inductive Priorities
32(18)
3.1 Priorities for Max Leaf Subtree
33(7)
3.2 Priorities for Feedback Vertex Set
40(10)
4 Crown Decomposition
50(11)
4.1 Crown Decomposition
51(1)
4.2 Vertex Cover and Dual Coloring
52(3)
4.3 Maximum Satisfiability
55(2)
4.4 Longest Cycle Parameterized by Vertex Cover
57(4)
5 Expansion Lemma
61(23)
5.1 Expansion Lemma
61(4)
5.2 Cluster Vertex Deletion: Bounding the Number of Cliques
65(1)
5.3 Weighted Expansion Lemma
66(4)
5.4 Component Order Connectivity
70(3)
5.5 Feedback Vertex Set
73(11)
6 Linear Programming
84(21)
6.1 The Theorem of Nemhauser and Trotter
84(5)
6.2 2-SAT of Minimum Weight
89(3)
6.3 Reduction of Min-Weight-2-IP to Min-Ones-2-SAT
92(4)
6.4 Component Order Connectivity
96(9)
7 Hypertrees
105(16)
7.1 Hypertrees and Partition-Connectedness
105(3)
7.2 Set Splitting
108(6)
7.3 Max-Internal Spanning Tree
114(7)
8 Sunflower Lemma
121(12)
8.1 Sunflower Lemma
121(1)
8.2 d-Hitting Set
122(1)
8.3 d-Set Packing
123(1)
8.4 Domination in Degenerate Graphs
124(4)
8.5 Domination in Ki,j-Free Graphs
128(5)
9 Modules
133(31)
9.1 Modular Partition
133(6)
9.2 Cluster Editing
139(8)
9.3 Cograph Completion
147(11)
9.4 FAST Revisited
158(6)
10 Matroids
164(19)
10.1 Matroid Basics
164(5)
10.2 Cut-Flow Data Structure
169(4)
10.3 Kernel for Odd Cycle Transversal
173(10)
11 Representative Families
183(34)
11.1 Introduction to Representative Sets
183(2)
11.2 Computing Representative Families
185(6)
11.3 Kernel for Vertex Cover
191(1)
11.4 Digraph Pair Cut
192(7)
11.5 An Abstraction
199(3)
11.6 Combinatorial Approach
202(15)
12 Greedy Packing
217(20)
12.1 Set Cover
218(4)
12.2 Max-Lin-2 above Average
222(9)
12.3 MAX-Er-SAT
231(6)
13 Euler's Formula
237(18)
13.1 Preliminaries on Planar Graphs
237(1)
13.2 Simple Planar Kernels
238(5)
13.3 Planar Feedback Vertex Set
243(12)
PART II META THEOREMS
255(102)
14 Introduction to Treewidth
257(40)
14.1 Properties of Tree Decompositions
259(3)
14.2 Computing Treewidth
262(3)
14.3 Nice Tree Decompositions
265(3)
14.4 Dynamic Programming
268(11)
14.5 Treewidth and MSO2
279(7)
14.6 Obstructions to Bounded Treewidth
286(11)
15 Bidimensionality and Protrusions
297(19)
15.1 Bidimensional Problems
298(3)
15.2 Separability and Treewidth Modulators
301(5)
15.3 Protrusion Decompositions
306(3)
15.4 Kernel for Dominating Set on Planar Graphs
309(7)
16 Surgery on Graphs
316(41)
16.1 Boundaried Graphs and Finite Integer Index
319(4)
16.2 Which Problems Have Finite Integer Index?
323(4)
16.3 A General Reduction Rule
327(6)
16.4 Kernelization in Quadratic Running Time
333(7)
16.5 Linear Time Algorithm
340(17)
PART III LOWER BOUNDS
357(70)
17 Framework
359(18)
17.1 OR-Distillation
360(6)
17.2 Cross-Composition
366(3)
17.3 Examples of Compositions
369(8)
18 Instance Selectors
377(12)
18.1 Disjoint Factors
379(2)
18.2 SAT Parameterized by the Number of Variables
381(2)
18.3 Colored Red-Blue Dominating Set
383(6)
19 Polynomial Parameter Transformation
389(9)
19.1 Packing Paths and Cycles
390(2)
19.2 Red-Blue Dominating Set
392(6)
20 Polynomial Lower Bounds
398(14)
20.1 Weak Cross-Composition
398(3)
20.2 Lower Bound for Vertex Cover
401(3)
20.3 Lower Bound for d-Hitting Set
404(4)
20.4 Ramsey
408(4)
21 Extending Distillation
412(15)
21.1 Oracle Communication Protocol
412(2)
21.2 Hardness of Communication
414(4)
21.3 Lower Bounds for Point Line Cover
418(6)
21.4 Lower Bounds Using Co-Nondeterminism
424(1)
21.5 AND-Distillations and AND-Compositions
425(2)
PART IV BEYOND KERNELIZATION
427(40)
22 Turing Kernelization
429(11)
22.1 Max Leaf Subtree
431(1)
22.2 Planar Longest Cycle
431(9)
23 Lossy Kernelization
440(27)
23.1 Framework
441(14)
23.2 Cycle Packing
455(2)
23.3 Partial Vertex Cover
457(1)
23.4 Connected Vertex Cover
458(3)
23.5 Steiner Tree
461(6)
Appendix A Open Problems 467(7)
A.1 Polynomial Kernels
467(2)
A.2 Structural Kernelization Bounds
469(2)
A.3 Deterministic Kernels
471(1)
A.4 Turing Kernels
472(2)
Appendix B Graphs and SAT Notation 474(3)
Appendix C Problem Definitions 477(6)
References 483(22)
Author Index 505(5)
Index 510
Fedor V. Fomin is Professor of Computer Science at the Universitetet i Bergen, Norway. He is known for his work in algorithms and graph theory. He has co-authored two books, Exact Exponential Algorithms (2010) and Parameterized Algorithms (2015), and received the EATCS Nerode prizes in 2015 and 2017 for his work on bidimensionality and Measure and Conquer. Daniel Lokshtanov is Professor of Informatics at the Universitetet i Bergen, Norway. His main research interests are in graph algorithms, parameterized algorithms, and complexity. He is a co-author of Parameterized Algorithms (2015) and is a recipient of the Meltzer prize, the Bergen Research Foundation young researcher grant, and an ERC starting grant on parameterized algorithms. Saket Saurabh is Professor of Theoretical Computer Science at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, and Professor of Computer Science at the Universitetet i Bergen, Norway. He has made important contributions to every aspect of parametrized complexity and kernelization, especially to general purpose results in kernelization and applications of extremal combinatorics in designing parameterized algorithms. He is a co-author of Parameterized Algorithms (2015). Meirav Zehavi is Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Ben-Gurion University. Her research interests lie primarily in the field of parameterized complexity. In her Ph.D. studies, she received three best student paper awards.