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E-raamat: Knowledge Engineering and Management: The CommonKADS Methodology

(Vrjie Universiteit), (Bldg 53 Rm 3041), , , , , (University of Twente)
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The book covers in an integrated fashion the complete route from corporate knowledgemanagement, through knowledge analysis andengineering, to the design and implementation ofknowledge-intensiveinformation systems.



The disciplines of knowledge engineering and knowledge management are closely tied.Knowledge engineering deals with the development of information systems in which knowledge andreasoning play pivotal roles. Knowledge management, a newly developed field at the intersection ofcomputer science and management, deals with knowledge as a key resource in modern organizations.Managing knowledge within an organization is inconceivable without the use of advanced informationsystems; the design and implementation of such systems pose great organization as well as technicalchallenges.The book covers in an integrated fashion the complete route from corporate knowledgemanagement, through knowledge analysis and engineering, to the design and implementation ofknowledge-intensive information systems. The CommonKADS methodology, developed over the last decadeby an industry-university consortium led by the authors, is used throughout the book. CommonKADSmakes as much use as possible of the new UML notation standard. Beyond information systemsapplications, all software engineering and computer systems projects in which knowledge plays animportant role stand to benefit from the CommonKADS methodology.

Preface ix
Prologue: The Value of Knowledge
1(12)
The Information Society Is Knowledge-Driven
1(2)
Knowledge in Context
3(2)
Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Systems
5(2)
Book Overview
7(2)
A Road Map for the Reader
9(2)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
11(2)
Knowledge-Engineering Basics
13(12)
Historical Perspective
13(1)
The Methodological Pyramid
14(1)
Principles
15(2)
Model Suite
17(3)
Process Roles
20(2)
Some Terminology
22(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
23(2)
The Task and Its Organizational Context
25(44)
Why Organizational Aspects Are So Important
25(2)
The Main Steps in Task and Organization Analysis
27(1)
The Feasibility Study: Organization Modelling
28(8)
Case: Social Security Services
36(8)
Impact and Improvement Analysis: Task and Agent Modelling
44(6)
Case: Ice-Cream Product Development
50(13)
Guidelines for the Context Modelling Process
63(3)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
66(3)
Knowledge Management
69(16)
Introduction
69(1)
Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
69(2)
The Knowledge Management Cycle
71(1)
Knowledge Management Has a Value and Process Focus
72(3)
Knowledge Management with CommonKADS
75(7)
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Engineering
82(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
83(2)
Knowledge Model Components
85(38)
The Nature of ``Knowledge''
85(1)
Challenges in Representing Knowledge
86(1)
The Knowledge Model
86(5)
Domain Knowledge
91(13)
Inference Knowledge
104(8)
Task Knowledge
112(5)
Typographic Conventions
117(1)
Comparison with Other Analysis Approaches
118(3)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
121(2)
Template Knowledge Models
123(44)
Reusing Knowledge-Model Elements
123(5)
A Small Task Template Catalog
128(1)
Classification
129(4)
Assessment
133(5)
Diagnosis
138(5)
Monitoring
143(3)
Synthesis
146(3)
Configuration Design
149(6)
Assignment
155(4)
Planning
159(1)
Scheduling
160(5)
Task-Type Combinations
165(1)
Relation to Task and Organization Models
166(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
166(1)
Knowledge Model Construction
167(20)
Introduction
167(1)
Stages in Knowledge-Model Construction
168(2)
Knowledge Identification
170(3)
Knowledge Specification
173(8)
Knowledge Refinement
181(3)
Some Remarks about Knowledge-Model Maintenance
184(1)
Documenting the Knowledge Model
184(2)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
186(1)
Knowledge-Elicitation Techniques
187(28)
Introduction
187(1)
Characteristics of Knowledge Elicitation
188(1)
On Experts
189(2)
Elicitation Techniques
191(10)
An Elicitation Scenario
201(12)
Some Final Remarks
213(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
214(1)
Modelling Communication Aspects
215(26)
Role and Overview of the Communication Model
215(2)
The Communication Plan
217(3)
Case: Homebots---A Multiagent System for Energy Management
220(7)
Transactions between Agents
227(2)
Detailing the Information Exchange
229(4)
The Homebots System Example Continued
233(3)
Validating and Balancing the Communication Model
236(3)
A Structured Process for Communication Modelling
239(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
240(1)
Case Study: The Housing Application
241(30)
Introduction
241(1)
Application Domain: Rental Residence Assignment
241(1)
Organization Model
242(7)
Task Model
249(4)
Agent Model
253(1)
Summary of Proposed Solution and Its Effects
253(1)
Knowledge Modelling
253(15)
Communication Model
268(3)
Designing Knowledge Systems
271(24)
Introduction
271(2)
Structure-Preserving Design
273(3)
Step 1: Design System Architecture
276(3)
Step 2: Identify Target Implementation Platform
279(3)
Step 3: Specify Architectural Components
282(6)
Step 4: Specify Application within Architecture
288(4)
Design of Prototypes
292(1)
Distributed Architectures
293(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
294(1)
Knowledge-System Implementation
295(22)
Implementation in Prolog
296(9)
Implementation in Aion
305(9)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
314(3)
Advanced Knowledge Modelling
317(30)
Introduction
317(1)
Domain Knowledge
318(13)
Inference Knowledge
331(11)
Task Knowledge
342(3)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
345(2)
UML Notations Used in CommonKADS
347(30)
UML Background
347(1)
Activity Diagram
348(6)
State Diagram
354(3)
Class Diagram
357(11)
Use-Case Diagram
368(2)
General UML constructs
370(1)
A Small Case Study
371(5)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
376(1)
Project Management
377(26)
Control versus Flexibility: Striking the Balance
377(4)
Project Planning: The CommonKADS Life-Cycle Model
381(1)
Assessing Risks
382(1)
Plan: Setting Objectives through Model States
383(3)
Notes on Quality and Project Documentation
386(6)
Case: A Project on Nuclear Reactor Noise Analysis
392(7)
How Not to Manage a Knowledge-System Project
399(1)
Bibliographical Notes and Further Reading
400(3)
Appendix: Knowledge-Model Language 403(30)
A.1 Language Conventions
403(2)
A.2 Language Syntax
405(14)
A.3 Full Knowledge Model for the Housing Application
419(14)
Glossary of Graphical Notations 433(8)
References 441(6)
Index 447