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E-raamat: Kunqu Masters on Chinese Theatrical Performance

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Kunqu, recognised by UNESCO in 2001 as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is among the oldest and most refined traditions of the family of genres known as xiqu (music-drama or “Chinese opera”). Today, the art form’s musical and performance traditions are being passed on by senior artists in several major cities of the Yang-tze River basin as well as Beijing. This book consists of twelve explanatory narrations, selected and translated from among an expansive collective endeavour in Chinese. Each performer narration sheds light on the human processes that create and transmit pieces of theatre, allowing actors’ voices to be heard for the first time in English. Meanwhile, annotations place these narratives in historical, literary, discursive, and aesthetic contexts. Close critical attention shows how concepts such as “tradition” are in fact the sites of constant elaboration and negotiation and reveal kunqu as a living and changing art form. Methodologically, this work breaks new ground by centering the performers’ perspective rather than text, providing a complement and a challenge to performance-analysis, ideological, sociological, and plot-based perspectives on xiqu.



Kunqu is among the oldest and most refined traditions of the family of genres known as xiqu (music-drama or “Chinese opera”). This book consists of translated performer narrations that illuminate how one of the major Chinese theatrical forms has been taught and transmitted over the past century.



Kunqu, recognised by UNESCO in 2001 as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is among the oldest and most refined traditions of the family of genres known as xiqu (music-drama or “Chinese opera”). Today, the art form’s musical and performance traditions are being passed on by senior artists in several major cities of the Yang-tze River basin as well as Beijing. This book consists of twelve explanatory narrations, selected and translated from among an expansive collective endeavour in Chinese. Each performer narration sheds light on the human processes that create and transmit pieces of theatre, allowing actors’ voices to be heard for the first time in English. Meanwhile, annotations place these narratives in historical, literary, discursive, and aesthetic contexts. Close critical attention shows how concepts such as “tradition” are in fact the sites of constant elaboration and negotiation and reveal kunqu as a living and changing art form. Methodologically, this work breaks new ground by centering the performers’ perspective rather than text, providing a complement and a challenge to performance-analysis, ideological, sociological, and plot-based perspectives on xiqu.

Kunqu, recognised by UNESCO in 2001 as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is among the oldest and most refined traditions of the family of genres known as xiqu or “Chinese opera.” Having survived the turmoil of the Chinese twentieth century, the art form’s musical and performance traditions are being passed on by senior artists in several major cities of the Yang-tze River basin as well as Beijing. Xiqu studies have so far focused on the textual basis of performance, while the transmission of performance technique and the shifts and refinements of tradition have been left largely unexplored. This book consists of explanatory narrations, selected and translated from among an extensive Chinese-language collective endeavour in Chinese. 

Each translated account by a master performer sheds light on the human processes—technical, pedagogical, ideological, social— that create a particular piece of theatre and transmit it over time. These translations allow actors’ voices to be heard for the first time in international theatre and performance studies, while the annotations allow the reader to place these narratives in historical, literary, discursive, and aesthetic contexts. 

Close critical attention to the nature of transmission shows how concepts such as “tradition” are in fact the sites of constant elaboration and negotiation. Far from being a museum genre, kunqu reveals itself through these explanatory narrations as a living and changing art form, subject to the internal logic of its technique but also open to innovation. Methodologically, this work breaks new ground by centering the performers’ perspective rather than text, providing a different gaze, complement, and challenge to performance-analysis, ideological, sociological, and plot-based perspectives on xiqu.



Kunqu is among the oldest and most refined traditions of the family of genres known as xiqu (music-drama or “Chinese opera”). This book consists of translated performer narrations that illuminate how one of the major Chinese theatrical forms has been taught and transmitted over the past century. 

Arvustused

These engaging lectures by twelve kunqu masters furnish inside views of their creative process as they discuss a foundational play that features their role type. The introduction, annotations, and supporting materials are as comprehensive an introduction to kunqu as can be found in English and provide leads to existing resources in both Chinese and English Catherine Swatek, University of British Columbia, Canada. The book is unique and valuable and provides understanding about lectures of very influential people to even the ordinary, interested readers David Rolston, University of Michigan, USA. "These masters narratives of their lived experience offer readers a wealth of information on Kunqus stage art, creative process, history, behind-the-curtain secrets, and pedagogy. Accentuating the practitioners voice and body, this book constitutes a significant contribution not only to kunqu studies but also to general theatre studies and theatre history. --Xing Fan, Associate Professor; Associate Director, Graduate, Centre for Drama, Theatre, and Performance Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. "This wonderful book captures vanishing expertise of kunqu performance for Anglophone readers through translations of lectures by master performers about their favourite scenes. The results are both worthy and highly entertaining. Lecturing about a scene called The Stirring Zither, Wang Shiyu proves an utterly engaging storyteller. Wangs lively and precise descriptions of key performance conventions uncover subtle subtextual meanings and lift opaque literary references of the page. Teasing out the details of psychological motivation, he renders the budding romance between a failed feudal scholar and a recalcitrant Taoist nun in delightfully relatable terms. Belying Kunqu's reputation for the strict convention, Liu Yilongs discussion of the famous scene Little Monk Descending the Mountain offers a fascinating insight into how he transformed many ugly and lurid traditional performance elements into charming and beautiful ones. Rooted in detailed character analysis and clear-sighted assessment of contemporary audience expectations, he explains his development of a comically nuanced and sympathetic portrayal that has delighted audiences in China and abroad"Megan Evans, Senior Lecturer, Theatre Programme, School of English, Film, Theatre & Media Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ.  "This book is a pleasure to read, engaging and witty Cindy S.B. NGAI, Associate Professor cum Programme Leader of Master of Arts in Bilingual Corporate Communication, Department of Chinese & Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.

Muu info

Translated performer narrations of Kunqu, illuminating how one of the major Chinese theatrical art forms has been taught and transmitted over the past century
List of Figures
vii
Foreword viii
Chang Tong-Ching
Preface and Acknowledgments x
Notes on Translation xiv
Abbreviations and Acronyms xvi
List of Contributors
xvii
Introduction 3(26)
Josh Stenberg
Lecture 1 Wang Shiyao, "Enquiry of the Rat" ("Fangshu") from Fifteen Strings of Cash (Shiwu guan)
29(30)
Anne Rebull
Lecture 2 Wang Shiyu, "The Stirring Zither" ("Qintiao") from The Jade Hairpin (Yuzan Ji)
59(30)
Guo Chao
Lecture 3 Zhang Jiqing, "The Mad Dream" ("Chimeng") from Lanke Mountain (Lanke shan)
89(24)
Josh Stenberg
Lecture 4 Liu Yilong, "Descending the Mountain" ("Xiashan") from Ocean of Sin (Niehai ji)
113(24)
Josh Stenberg
Lecture 5 Huang Xiaowu, "The Tavern" ("Jiulou") from The Palace of Lasting Life (Changsheng dian)
137(26)
Guo Chao
Lecture 6 Cai Zhengren, "Instating the Statue, Lamenting the Statue" ("Yingxiang, Kuxiang") from The Palace of Lasting Life (Changsheng dian)
163(28)
Kim Hunter Gordon
Lecture 7 Ji Zhenhua, "Playing the Ballad" ("Tanci") from The Palace of Lasting Life (Changsheng dian)
191(30)
Kim Hunter Gordon
Lecture 8 Hua Wenyi, "The Stroll in the Garden" ("Youyuan") and "The Dream Interrupted" ("Jingmeng") from The Peony Pavilion (Mudan ting)
221(20)
Anne Rebull
Lecture 9 Hou Shaokui, "Sword Meeting" ("Daohui") from Single Sword Meeting (Dandaohui)
241(28)
Guo Chao
Lecture 10 Fanjixin, "Writing the Accusation" ("Xie zhuang") from Tale of the Mermaid Silk Handkerchief (Jiaoxiao ji)
269(26)
Kim Hunter Gordon
Lecture 11 Liang Guyin, "The Tryst" ("Jiaqi") from The Western Chamber (Xixiang Ji)
295(28)
Josh Stenberg
Lecture 12 Yue Meiti, "The Inn on the Lake" ("Hu lou") from To Win a Peerless Beauty (zhan huakui)
323(30)
Kim Hunter Gordon
Postface 353(10)
Yip Siu Hing
Appendix A Correspondence between Lectures in This Book and Masters' Lectures 363(2)
Appendix B How Scenes Open and Conclude 365(2)
Appendix C Musical and Vocal Terms 367(6)
Appendix D Movement and Body Terms 373(4)
Appendix E Costume Terms 377(4)
Appendix F Plays, Scenes, and Drama Collections 381(10)
Appendix G Late Imperial Theatre Figures 391(4)
Appendix H Modern Chinese Theatre Figures 395(10)
Appendix I Kunqu Troupes and Other Ensembles 405(6)
Appendix J Other Genres and Troupes 411(6)
Bibliography 417(12)
Index 429
Yip Siu Hing is the creator and compiler of Masters Lectures on One Hundred Kunqu Scenes, of which this volume is an annotated English selection. He is well known for his activities and writings in support of kunqu.





Josh Stenberg is a Senior Lecturer in Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney. He is the author of Minority Stages: Sino-Indonesian Performance and Public Display (2019) and LiyuanxiChinese Pear Garden Theatre (2023).