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E-raamat: Laboratory Hemostasis: A Practical Guide for Pathologists

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Oct-2014
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319089249
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Oct-2014
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319089249
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A Practical Guide for Pathologists.

Coagulation testing is the basis for the diagnosis of bleeding and thrombotic disorders, as well as the mainstay of anticoagulant monitoring and management. This handbook provides practical information and guidance on topics relevant to directing a coagulation laboratory, filling a void in the literature. Since the first edition, all chapters have been updated and an entirely new chapter is included on pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. The book will aid pathologists, clinical laboratory scientists and other physicians serving as laboratory directors to understand and carry out their responsibilities. It will also assist residents and fellows in learning the basics of coagulation testing and serve as a useful day-to-day reference for coagulation laboratory supervisors, technologists, and technicians. Finally, clinicians may find aspects of the book helpful in understanding the role of the coagulation laboratory in patient evaluation and monitoring.

Arvustused

From the book reviews:

The purpose is to provide a single reference with information and guidance related to directing a clinical coagulation laboratory. The book is intended for everyone involved in clinical coagulation testing -- residents and fellows, clinical laboratory scientists, pathologists, or doctoral level scientists involved in directing a clinical coagulation laboratory. It would also be of interest to users -- e.g., clinical hematology consultants. This is a must-have for any clinical coagulation laboratory director. (Valerie L. Ng, Doodys Book Reviews, January, 2015)

1 Role and Responsibilities of the Laboratory Director
1(18)
1.1 General Responsibilities
3(8)
1.2 Personnel
11(1)
1.3 Facilities and Safety
12(1)
1.4 Test Procedures
12(1)
1.5 Quality Management
13(1)
1.6 Consultation and Education
14(1)
1.7 Communication
14(1)
1.8 Operational Management
14(1)
1.9 Resources
15(1)
1.10 Common Pitfalls
15(1)
1.11 Summary and Key Points
16(3)
References
16(3)
2 Collection of Coagulation Specimens
19(14)
2.1 Collection of Specimens for Hemostasis Testing
19(1)
2.2 Citrate Anticoagulant Concentration
19(4)
2.3 Plastic vs. Glass Tubes
23(1)
2.4 Collection Techniques
23(3)
2.5 Specimen Preparation
26(1)
2.6 Specimen Stability
26(1)
2.7 Problem Detection and Actions
26(4)
2.8 Coagulation Testing on Specimens Other than Citrated Plasma
30(1)
2.9 Common Pitfalls
30(1)
2.10 Summary and Key Points
31(2)
References
31(2)
3 Instrumentation for the Coagulation Laboratory
33(12)
3.1 Laboratory Instruments
33(2)
3.1.1 Test Methodologies
33(1)
3.1.2 Detection Methods
34(1)
3.2 Point of Care Instruments
35(5)
3.2.1 Waived PT/INR Instruments
35(1)
3.2.2 POC Analyzers Designed for Coagulation Monitoring During Invasive Procedures
36(2)
3.2.3 Viscoelastic Analyzers
38(1)
3.2.4 Platelet Function Analyzers
39(1)
3.3 Platelet Aggregometry
40(1)
3.3.1 Light Transmission Aggregometers (LTA)
40(1)
3.3.2 Multiplate® Analyzer
40(1)
3.3.3 PFA-100®
40(1)
3.3.4 Plateletworks®
41(1)
3.3.5 VerifyNow™
41(1)
3.4 Summary and Key Points
41(4)
References
42(3)
4 Validation of Hemostasis Assays, Analyzers, and Reagents
45(24)
4.1 Validation Overview
45(1)
4.2 Validation Tools
46(1)
4.3 Validation Studies
47(1)
4.4 Validation Plan
47(1)
4.5 Analyzer Set-up and Utilities
47(1)
4.6 Calibration and Calibration Verification
47(1)
4.7 Quality Control Ranges
48(2)
4.8 Reference Intervals
50(2)
4.9 Performance Characteristics
52(4)
4.10 Method Comparisons
56(2)
4.11 INR
58(4)
4.12 Heparin Therapeutic Ranges
62(1)
4.13 Instrument Interfaces
62(1)
4.14 Reports
62(1)
4.15 Implementation Readiness
63(2)
4.16 Approval
65(1)
4.17 "Full" Versus "Partial" Validations
65(1)
4.18 Other Considerations
65(1)
4.19 Common Pitfalls
65(1)
4.20 Summary and Key Points
66(3)
References
66(3)
5 Hemostasis Screening Assays
69(14)
5.1 Hemostasis Screening Assays: Use and Interpretation
69(1)
5.2 The CBC
69(1)
5.3 The PT Assay
70(3)
5.4 The PTT Assay
73(1)
5.5 The Mixing Test (Inhibitor Screen)
74(1)
5.6 The Thrombin Time Assay
74(1)
5.7 Fibrinogen Assays
75(1)
5.8 D-dimer Assays
75(1)
5.9 The Bleeding Time (BT) Test
76(1)
5.10 Interpretation of Hemostasis Screening Tests in Patients with Bleeding Disorders
77(3)
5.11 Key Points
80(3)
References
80(3)
6 Testing for Inherited Bleeding Disorders
83(16)
6.1 Qualitative Platelet Disorders
83(2)
6.2 Platelet Aggregation
85(3)
6.3 von Willebrand's Disease
88(1)
6.4 Assays for vWF
89(1)
6.5 vWF Immunoassay
89(1)
6.6 Ristocetin Cofactor Activity (vWF Activity) Assay
89(1)
6.7 Factor VIII Activity Assay
90(1)
6.8 vWF Multimeric Analysis
91(1)
6.9 Appropriate Test Ordering for Platelet-Type Bleeding Disorders
91(1)
6.10 The Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA)-100®
92(1)
6.11 Inherited Coagulation Disorders
92(1)
6.12 Factor XIII (Clot Stability) Assay
93(1)
6.13 Fibrinogen Activity Assay
94(1)
6.14 Alpha2-Antiplasmin Assay
95(1)
6.15 Assays for Factor VIII Antibodies (Inhibitor Assays)
95(1)
6.16 Key Points
96(3)
References
97(2)
7 Testing for Acquired Platelet Disorders
99(12)
7.1 Platelet Counting Methods
99(2)
7.1.1 Reference Method
99(1)
7.1.2 Automated Platelet Counters
100(1)
7.2 Platelet Antibody Testing
101(4)
7.2.1 Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
101(1)
7.2.2 HLA Antibody Tests
102(1)
7.2.3 Platelet Antibody Tests
102(1)
7.2.4 Testing for Heparin-Dependent Antibodies
103(1)
7.2.5 Clinical Utility of Platelet Antibody Tests
104(1)
7.3 Platelet Function Testing
105(2)
7.3.1 Myeloproliferative Disorders
105(1)
7.3.2 Uremia
105(1)
7.3.3 Antiplatelet Drugs
106(1)
7.3.4 Cardiovascular Surgery
107(1)
7.4 Summary and Key Points
107(4)
References
108(3)
8 Acquired Coagulation Disorders and TTP
111(6)
8.1 Liver Disease and Vitamin K Deficiency
111(1)
8.2 DIC
112(1)
8.3 Antibodies to Coagulation Factors
112(2)
8.4 Abnormal Fibrinolysis
114(1)
8.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
114(1)
8.6 Summary and Key Points
115(2)
References
116(1)
9 Testing for Inherited and Acquired Thrombotic Disorders
117(18)
9.1 Pathophysiology of Thrombosis
118(1)
9.2 The Inherited Thrombotic Disorders
119(1)
9.3 General Principles of Thrombosis TESTING
120(3)
9.4 Laboratory Testing Strategy for Inherited Thrombosis
123(1)
9.5 Utility of Inherited Thrombosis Testing
124(1)
9.6 Laboratory Tests for Inherited Thrombosis
125(1)
9.7 Activated Protein C Resistance Assay
125(1)
9.8 Factor V Leiden DNA Test
126(1)
9.9 Prothrombin Gene Mutation Assay
126(1)
9.10 Homocysteine Assays
126(1)
9.11 Protein C Assay
127(1)
9.12 Protein S Assay
127(2)
9.13 Antithrombin Assay
129(1)
9.14 Laboratory Testing for Other Inherited Thrombotic Disorders
129(1)
9.15 The Acquired Thrombotic Disorders
129(1)
9.16 Anticardiolipin Antibody Assay
130(1)
9.17 Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Assay
131(1)
9.18 Utility of Laboratory Thrombosis Testing
132(1)
9.19 Key Points
133(2)
References
134(1)
10 Monitoring of Anticoagulant Therapy
135(38)
10.1 Monitoring Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy
135(4)
10.2 Warfarin
139(7)
10.2.1 Mechanism of Action
139(1)
10.2.2 Rationale for Laboratory Monitoring
140(1)
10.2.3 FT and INR Basics
140(2)
10.2.4 INR and Calibration
142(2)
10.2.5 Plasma Calibrants
144(1)
10.2.6 Evaluation of Discrepant INRs
144(1)
10.2.7 Therapeutic Monitoring
145(1)
10.3 Unfractionated Heparin
146(8)
10.3.1 Mechanism of Action
146(2)
10.3.2 Rationale for Laboratory Monitoring
148(1)
10.3.3 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
149(1)
10.3.4 PTT Basics
150(1)
10.3.5 Anti-Xa Heparin Assay Basics
151(1)
10.3.6 ACT Basics
152(2)
10.3.7 Therapeutic Monitoring
154(1)
10.4 Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
154(2)
10.4.1 Mechanism of Action
154(1)
10.4.2 Rationale for Laboratory Monitoring
155(1)
10.4.3 Therapeutic Monitoring
156(1)
10.5 Fondaparinux
156(1)
10.5.1 Mechanism of Action
156(1)
10.5.2 Rationale for Laboratory Monitoring
156(1)
10.5.3 Therapeutic Monitoring
157(1)
10.6 Bivalirudin
157(1)
10.6.1 Mechanism of Action
157(1)
10.6.2 Therapeutic Monitoring
157(1)
10.7 Argatroban
157(1)
10.7.1 Mechanism of Action
158(1)
10.7.2 Rationale for Laboratory Monitoring
158(1)
10.7.3 Therapeutic Monitoring
158(1)
10.8 Dabigatran
158(2)
10.8.1 Mechanism of Action
158(1)
10.8.2 Ecarin Clotting Time Basics
159(1)
10.8.3 Plasma-Diluted Thrombin Time Basics
159(1)
10.8.4 Therapeutic Monitoring
160(1)
10.9 Rivaroxaban
160(1)
10.9.1 Mechanism of Action
160(1)
10.9.2 Therapeutic Monitoring
161(1)
10.10 Apixaban
161(5)
10.10.1 Other Anticoagulants
161(1)
10.10.2 Antiplatelet Agents
161(1)
10.10.3 Mechanisms of Action
162(1)
10.10.4 Basics of Platelet Function Testing
162(1)
10.10.5 Rationale for Laboratory Testing
162(3)
10.10.6 Therapeutic Monitoring
165(1)
10.11 Effects of Anticoagulants on Hemostasis Tests
166(1)
10.12 Common Pitfalls
166(1)
10.13 Summary and Key Points
166(7)
References
169(4)
11 Pharmacogenetic Testing for Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapies
173(10)
11.1 Introduction
173(1)
11.2 Pharmacogenetic Testing for Warfarin
173(3)
11.3 Pharmacogenetic Testing for Clopidogrel
176(7)
References
179(4)
12 Coagulation Testing and Transfusion Medicine
183(18)
12.1 Essential Coagulation Assays
183(4)
12.1.1 Prothrombin Time
184(1)
12.1.2 Partial Thromboplastin Time
184(1)
12.1.3 Fibrinogen Concentration
184(1)
12.1.4 Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time Mixing Studies
185(1)
12.1.5 D-dimer Assay
186(1)
12.1.6 Platelet Counts
186(1)
12.1.7 Thromboelastography
186(1)
12.2 Transfusion Medicine Tools: Blood Components
187(4)
12.2.1 Platelets
187(2)
12.2.2 Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
189(1)
12.2.3 Cryoprecipitate
190(1)
12.3 Clinical Scenarios and Case Studies
191(5)
12.3.1 Dilutional Coagulopathy
191(5)
12.4 Emerging Issues in Transfusion Medicine and Anticoagulation
196(1)
12.4.1 Reversing New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs)
196(1)
12.5 Summary and Key Points
197(4)
References
198(3)
Index 201