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E-raamat: Landscape Professional Practice

  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000152036
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Graduate of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Chartered Landscape Architect, MBA and Barrister, Gordon Rowland Fraser draws upon 30 years of project management, professional practice and teaching experience to provide an uncomplicated and intuitive guide to the business aspects of the landscape profession. An indispensable reference for seasoned professionals, the book will enable the student or novice practitioner to turn their drawing board inspiration into reality without being overwhelmed or afraid of overseeing the implementation of their proposals. Guided by the Landscape Institute’s 2013 Pathway to Chartership syllabus, this structured, step-by-step, narrative guide sets out the documentation commonly used within the landscape profession and makes accessible a logical and sequential understanding of contractual relationships; procurement strategies; processes of preparing client estimates and obtaining competitive quotations; of preparing contract documentation and administering formal contracts; general concepts of law as they relate to land management and the landscape profession; of business administration, market appraisal and positioning; and of the landscape consultant’s appointment. As an understanding of professional practice is intrinsic to all Landscape Institute accredited courses, this is an essential text for every landscape architecture student during their education and their subsequent journey into professional practice. Those undertaking Garden Design Diplomas will similarly find the book invaluable as they venture into the world of creativity and commerce, while the seasoned practitioner will find it a comprehensive point of reference to add to their bookshelf.

Arvustused

'Landscape Professional Practice is a long awaited book giving true up-to-date information about the nitty-gritty of professional practice. This is a must-read book for all pre-pathway to chartership students and young professionals, both for confidence in practice and in passing the pathway exam. The book will fill in many essential knowledge gaps for these graduates to fast track them to CMLI status. This is desperately needed, because there are far too few landscape professionals, and more books like this will help to at least fast track the few new professionals and future stars of landscape design to become contributing, and productive members of the profession more quickly. The book is well laid out and an excellent reference. I will be buying one and urging all my staff to do so too.' James Blake, James Blake Associates, UK 'Just as Hugh Clamp's Landscape Professional Practice was a "must have", "must study", "must refer to" professional reference of the late twentieth century, so Gordon Fraser's new reference will be the favoured reference of the early twenty-first century. This book will be an important reference guide for many years to come, helping to identify, clarify and elucidate many of the fundamental elements of professional practice for landscape architects not only in the UK but around the world.' Nigel Thorne, Consultant Landscape Architect/Specialist Landscape Manager, UK 'It is unique to find a book that offers such a wide range of professional and business performance topics, and relate them to a particular profession. Gordon, with his unique professional background, has achieved this with Landscape Professional Practice. The aims of chapters are clearly presented, and the breadth of experience is impressive, covering business management concepts, professional ethics, negligence, and a range of other subjects of importance to landscape professionals. I hope many professionals will benefit from the knowledge and experience this publication has to offer.' Chris Sheridan, Landscape Institute, UK Any Professional Landscaper would (therefore) be well advised to acquire Landscape Professional Practice ... In lucid text, helpfully punctuated by bullet points, Fraser covers professional standards, contract law, planning, health and safety, and contract administration. The book will tell you how to draw up your contracts and how to manage both your business and your clients. Historic Gardens

List of Figures xiii
Table of Cases xv
Biographical Note xviii
Foreword xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Introduction 1(10)
Section I Professional Judgment Ethics and Values
1 Professional Association
11(16)
1.1 The Landscape Institute
11(2)
1.2 Standards of Conduct and Practice for Landscape Professionals
13(9)
1.2.1 To preserve the character and quality of the environment
13(1)
1.2.2 To uphold the reputation and dignity of the profession
14(1)
1.2.3 To actively promote the code of conduct
14(1)
1.2.4 To actively promote and further the Landscape Institute objectives
15(1)
1.2.5 To act with integrity consistent with professional obligations
15(2)
1.2.6 To only undertake professional work for which competent
17(1)
1.2.7 To maintain and promote professional competence
17(1)
1.2.8 To organise professional work responsibly with regard to clients
18(1)
1.2.9 To carry out professional work with care and to relevant standards
18(1)
1.2.10 To promote professional services in a truthful and responsible manner
19(1)
1.2.11 To ensure personal and professional finances are managed prudently
20(1)
1.2.12 To maintain adequate and appropriate professional indemnity insurance
20(1)
1.2.13 To deal with professional complaints promptly and appropriately
21(1)
1.3 Continuing Professional Development
22(5)
Section II Organisation and Management
2 The Law of Contract
27(14)
2.1 Invitation to Treat
28(1)
2.2 Offer
28(1)
2.3 Acceptance
29(2)
2.4 Consideration
31(1)
2.5 Contract Terms
32(1)
2.6 Privity of Contract
33(1)
2.7 Agency
34(1)
2.8 Discharge of Contracts
34(1)
2.9 Remedies for Breach of Contract
35(2)
2.10 Misrepresentation
37(4)
3 The Tort of Professional Negligence
41(12)
3.1 Legal Duty of Care
41(2)
3.2 Breach of Duty
43(1)
3.3 Causation
44(1)
3.4 Remoteness of Damage
45(1)
3.5 Defences
46(3)
3.5.1 Willing assumption of risk
47(1)
3.5.2 Exclusion of liability
47(1)
3.5.3 Contributory negligence
48(1)
3.6 Remedies
49(1)
3.7 Negligent Misrepresentation
50(1)
3.8 Professional Indemnity Insurance
51(2)
4 Health and Safety Legislation
53(10)
4.1 Health and Safety at Work Act
54(1)
4.2 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
55(2)
4.3 Method Statements
57(1)
4.4 The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH)
57(1)
4.5 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
58(1)
4.5.1 Death or major injuries
58(1)
4.5.2 Over-three-day injuries
59(1)
4.5.3 Work-related diseases
59(1)
4.5.4 Dangerous occurrences
59(1)
4.6 Enforcement
59(4)
5 Business Performance and Development
63(14)
5.1 The Transformation Process
63(2)
5.2 Comparison of Goods and Services
65(1)
5.3 Performance Analysis
66(4)
5.3.1 Quality
66(1)
5.3.2 Speed
67(1)
5.3.3 Dependability
67(1)
5.3.4 Flexibility
67(1)
5.3.5 Cost
67(1)
5.3.6 Historical performance
68(1)
5.3.7 Target performance
68(1)
5.3.8 Competitor benchmarking
69(1)
5.4 The Business Environment
70(3)
5.4.1 Legal
70(1)
5.4.2 Political
71(1)
5.4.3 Economic
71(1)
5.4.4 Social
72(1)
5.4.5 Technological
72(1)
5.5 Market Appraisal
73(2)
5.5.1 Resources
73(1)
5.5.2 Resource markets
74(1)
5.5.3 Customers
74(1)
5.5.4 Competitors
74(1)
5.6 Business Promotion
75(2)
6 Business Management
77(12)
6.1 Private Sector Organisations
77(3)
6.1.1 Sole trader
77(1)
6.1.2 Partnership
78(1)
6.1.3 Limited company
79(1)
6.1.4 Public limited company
79(1)
6.2 Not-for-Profit Organisations
80(2)
6.2.1 Charitable incorporated organisation
80(1)
6.2.2 Company limited by guarantee
81(1)
6.2.3 Consumer co-operative society
81(1)
6.2.4 Workers co-operative
81(1)
6.3 Public Sector Organisations
82(1)
6.4 Financial Accounting
83(6)
6.4.1 Profit and loss accounts
83(2)
6.4.2 Balance sheets
85(1)
6.4.3 Cash flow forecasting
85(4)
7 Engaging a Landscape Professional
89(14)
7.1 Scope of Services
89(1)
7.2 Form of Agreement
90(1)
7.3 The Landscape Consultant's Appointment
91(2)
7.4 The Professional Practitioner's Fees
93(10)
7.4.1 Calculating professional fees
93(3)
7.4.2 Percentage fees
96(1)
7.4.3 Time charged fees
97(1)
7.4.4 Lump sum fees
97(1)
7.4.5 Expenses and disbursements
98(5)
Section III Legislative Bases of Assessment and Analysis
8 Development Control and Environmental Management
103(20)
8.1 Permitted Development
105(2)
8.2 Environmental Impact Assessment
107(5)
8.3 Tree Preservation Orders
112(2)
8.4 Conservation Areas
114(1)
8.5 Forestry Regulations
114(2)
8.6 Hedgerows Regulations
116(2)
8.7 Habitats Regulations
118(5)
Section IV Project Implementation
9 Understanding Contractual Relationships
123(18)
9.1 Roles and Responsibilities
123(6)
9.1.1 The role of the client
123(2)
9.1.2 The role of the contractor
125(1)
9.1.3 The role of the professional practitioner
126(3)
9.2 Procurement Strategies
129(12)
9.2.1 Traditional procurement
130(3)
9.2.2 Design and build procurement
133(4)
9.2.3 Management procurement
137(4)
10 Construction Design and Management Regulations
141(14)
10.1 The Requirement for Notification
142(1)
10.2 Obligations of the Client
143(2)
10.3 Obligations of the Construction Design and Management Coordinator
145(1)
10.4 Obligations of Designers/Professional Practitioners
146(2)
10.5 Obligations of the Principal Contractor
148(1)
10.6 Obligations of All Contractors and the Self-Employed
149(2)
10.7 Competence and Training
151(4)
11 Estimating Project Budgets
155(14)
11.1 Measurement
158(1)
11.2 Formulating a Schedule
158(3)
11.3 Attributing Rates
161(1)
11.4 Sources of Rates
162(7)
11.4.1 Previously quoted schemes
163(1)
11.4.2 Manufacturer's or supplier's costs
163(1)
11.4.3 Indicative quotations from contractors
163(1)
11.4.4 Spon's Landscape and External Works Price Book
164(5)
12 Specification Fundamentals
169(18)
12.1 Contract Documentation
169(2)
12.2 Building Information Modelling
171(1)
12.3 Specification Structure
171(2)
12.4 The Common Arrangement of Work Sections
173(1)
12.5 Preliminaries/General Conditions
174(3)
12.5.1 Project particulars
174(1)
12.5.2 Drawings
174(1)
12.5.3 The site/existing buildings
174(1)
12.5.4 Description of the work
174(1)
12.5.5 Conditions of contract
175(1)
12.5.6 Employer's requirements: tendering sub-letting & supply
175(1)
12.5.7 Employer's requirements; management of the works
175(1)
12.5.8 Employer's requirements: quality standards/control
176(1)
12.5.9 Employer's requirements: security/safety/protection
176(1)
12.5.10 Employer's requirements: facilities/temporary work/services
176(1)
12.6 Materials and Workmanship
177(3)
12.6.1 Materials
177(1)
12.6.2 Workmanship
177(1)
12.6.3 Quality assurance
178(1)
12.6.4 British Standards
178(1)
12.6.5 Specification by type
178(1)
12.6.6 Specification by proprietary name
179(1)
12.6.7 Specification by minimum standard
179(1)
12.6.8 Specification by supplier
179(1)
12.6.9 Specification by method
180(1)
12.6.10 Specification by finished effect
180(1)
12.7 Standard Specification Clauses
180(7)
12.7.1 NBS Landscape
181(1)
12.7.2 National Plant Specification
181(2)
12.7.3 Code of Practice for Handling & Establishing Landscape Plants
183(1)
12.7.4 Other sources
184(3)
13 Conditions of Contract
187(18)
13.1 Sub-Contracts
188(1)
13.2 Forms of Agreement
189(2)
13.3 The JCLI Conditions of Contract
191(14)
13.3.1 Details of the parties
192(1)
13.3.2 Nature and location of the works
192(1)
13.3.3 The contract documents
192(1)
13.3.4 The contract sum
192(1)
13.3.5 Professional practitioner's details
193(1)
13.3.6 The Construction Design and Management Regulations
193(1)
13.3.7 Dispute resolution
194(1)
13.3.8 Construction Industry Scheme
195(1)
13.3.9 Supplemental provisions
196(1)
13.3.10 Construction Design and Management planning period
197(1)
13.3.11 Duration of the works
197(1)
13.3.12 Liquidated damages
197(1)
13.3.13 Defects and establishment of plants
198(1)
13.3.14 Theft or malicious damage
199(1)
13.3.15 Retentions
200(1)
13.3.16 Supply of documents
201(1)
13.3.17 Contribution, levy and tax changes
201(1)
13.3.18 Contractor's liability insurance
202(1)
13.3.19 Insurance of the works
202(1)
13.3.20 Attestation
203(2)
14 Single Stage Selective Tendering
205(10)
14.1 Pre-Tender Evaluation
206(3)
14.2 Preliminary Enquiry
209(1)
14.3 Invitation to Tender
210(1)
14.4 Tender Evaluation
211(2)
14.5 Tender Outcome
213(2)
15 Contract Administration
215(14)
15.1 Certification
216(8)
15.1.1 Landscape Architect's/Contract Administrator's Instruction
217(1)
15.1.2 Interim Payment Certificate
218(2)
15.1.3 Payless Notice(s) (Type 1)
220(1)
15.1.4 Payless Notice(s) (Type 2)
220(1)
15.1.5 Certificate of Practical Completion
221(1)
15.1.6 Certificate of Making Good
222(1)
15.1.7 Final Certificate
223(1)
15.2 Drawing Office Records
224(5)
15.2.1 Job lists
224(1)
15.2.2 Contract documentation
225(1)
15.2.3 Valuations, certificates and variations
225(1)
15.2.4 Correspondence
225(1)
15.2.5 Practice timesheets and invoices
226(3)
16 Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures
229(16)
16.1 Major Forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution
230(5)
16.1.1 Mediation
231(2)
16.1.2 Arbitration
233(1)
16.1.3 Adjudication
234(1)
16.2 Changes in Civil Litigation
235(1)
16.3 Alternative Dispute Resolution Clauses
236(1)
16.4 Alternative Dispute Resolution v Litigation
237(4)
16.4.1 Predictability
238(1)
16.4.2 Reliability
238(1)
16.4.3 Expediency
239(1)
16.4.4 Public scrutiny
239(1)
16.4.5 Future relations
240(1)
16.4.6 Expense
240(1)
16.4.7 Desired outcomes
240(1)
16.4.8 Sociology
241(1)
16.5 Conclusions
241(4)
List of References 245(4)
Index 249
Gordon Rowland Fraser is a graduate of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a Chartered Landscape Architect, MBA and Barrister. His unique skill set encompasses project procurement and administration, technical consultancy, quality control and alternative forms of dispute resolution of particular relevance to the landscape industry.
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