List of abbreviations and acronyms |
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xi | |
List of figures |
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xiii | |
List of tables |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xix | |
Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
Chapter 2 Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) |
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9 | (36) |
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2.1 CLIL and language policy |
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10 | (11) |
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2.1.1 A global perspective on CLIL |
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10 | (3) |
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2.1.2 CLIL and European language policy |
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13 | (2) |
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2.1.3 CLIL in the German context |
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15 | (3) |
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2.1.4 CLIL in Baden-Wurttemberg |
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18 | (3) |
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2.2 Empirical studies on CLIL |
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21 | (21) |
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23 | (5) |
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28 | (18) |
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2.2.2.1 Aspects of L2 competence |
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28 | (5) |
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2.2.2.1.1 Grammatical competence |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1.2 Lexical competence |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1.3 General L2 competence |
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30 | (2) |
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2.2.2.1.4 Language awareness |
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32 | (1) |
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2.2.2.2 Aspects of L2 performance |
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33 | (17) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
Chapter 3 The passive |
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45 | (46) |
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3.1 Structural aspects of the passive |
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46 | (14) |
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3.1.1 The passive with modal auxiliaries and catenative verbs |
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47 | (1) |
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3.1.2 The passive and aspect |
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48 | (2) |
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3.1.3 The passive and verb complementation |
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50 | (7) |
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3.1.3.1 Monotransitive verbs |
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50 | (1) |
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3.1.3.2 Ditransitive verbs |
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51 | (3) |
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3.1.3.3 Complex-transitive verbs |
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54 | (1) |
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3.1.3.4 Prepositional verbs |
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54 | (2) |
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3.1.3.5 Intransitive verbs and impersonal passives |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (3) |
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3.1.4.1 Agentless passives |
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57 | (1) |
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3.1.4.2 Agentful passives |
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58 | (2) |
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3.2 Lexicogrammatical aspects of the passive |
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60 | (10) |
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3.2.1 Models of the passive |
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61 | (6) |
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3.2.1.1 Passive gradient models |
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61 | (2) |
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3.2.1.2 The interlocking circles model |
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63 | (3) |
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3.2.1.3 The passive ratio model |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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3.2.2.1 Morphosyntactic properties |
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68 | (1) |
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3.2.2.2 Semantic properties |
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68 | (2) |
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3.3 Passive frequency and genre |
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70 | (9) |
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70 | (7) |
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3.3.1.1 Be Ved across genres |
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71 | (2) |
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3.3.1.2 Be Ved in scientific writing |
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73 | (3) |
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3.3.1.3 Diachronic development of be Ved |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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3.3.2.1 Get Ved across genres |
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77 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Diachronic development of get Ved |
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78 | (1) |
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3.4 Passive frequency and individual differences |
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79 | (3) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.5 The passive and L2 acquisition |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (3) |
Chapter 4 Methods of data collection and processing |
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91 | (48) |
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93 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Learner profile questionnaire |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (33) |
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4.2.1 The Secondary-Level Corpus of Learner English (SCooLE) |
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99 | (21) |
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100 | (4) |
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4.2.1.2 Linguistic annotation and header information |
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104 | (16) |
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4.2.1.2.1 Merging of learner text and data on learner variables |
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108 | (2) |
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4.2.1.2.2 Normalisation of accents/apostrophes |
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110 | (1) |
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4.2.1.2.3 VARD-based normalisation of deviances |
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110 | (4) |
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4.2.1.2.4 Manual normalisation of (virtual) homophones |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2.1.2.5 Manual annotation of passives |
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114 | (2) |
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4.2.1.2.6 Merging of TreeTagger and CLAWS annotations |
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116 | (3) |
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4.2.1.2.7 Encoding for corpus query: Corpus Workbench (CWB) |
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119 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Reference language varieties |
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120 | (19) |
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4.2.2.1 The Teaching Materials Corpus (TeaMC) |
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121 | (9) |
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4.2.2.1.1 Choice of teaching materials |
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122 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1.1.1 EFL materials: Year 7-10 |
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123 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1.1.2 EFL materials: Year 11/12 |
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125 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1.1.3 CLIL materials: Year 7-10 |
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126 | (2) |
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4.2.2.1.2 Linguistic annotation and header information |
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128 | (2) |
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4.2.2.2 The Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS) |
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130 | (22) |
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4.2.2.2.1 Choice of subcorpus |
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130 | (1) |
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4.2.2.2.2 Linguistic annotation and header information |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (4) |
Chapter 5 Methods of data analysis |
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139 | (42) |
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5.1 Methods of querying be Ved and get Ved |
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139 | (7) |
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140 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Elimination queries |
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143 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Instances introduced via normalisation |
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144 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Instances quoted from the prompt |
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145 | (1) |
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5.2 Methods of quantitative analysis |
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146 | (13) |
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5.2.1 Elimination of cases and variables |
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146 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Level of measurement |
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147 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Choice of statistical tests |
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152 | (7) |
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5.2.3.1 Comparison of means, correlation, comparison of frequencies |
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154 | (2) |
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5.2.3.2 Multiple regression |
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156 | (3) |
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5.3 Methods of structural analysis |
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159 | (11) |
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5.3.1 The passive with modal auxiliaries and catenative verbs |
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160 | (3) |
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5.3.2 The passive and aspect |
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163 | (1) |
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5.3.3 The passive and verb complementation |
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163 | (5) |
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168 | (2) |
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5.4 Methods of lexicogrammatical analysis |
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170 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Central and non-central passives |
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171 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Most frequent types |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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5.5 Methods of error analysis |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
Chapter 6 The passive in teaching materials |
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181 | (46) |
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6.1 Be/get Ved in EFL materials for Year 7-10 |
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183 | (16) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (4) |
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193 | (2) |
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6.1.5 Structural analysis |
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195 | (2) |
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6.1.6 Lexicogrammatical analysis |
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197 | (2) |
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6.2 Be/get Ved in EFL materials for Year 11/12 |
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199 | (14) |
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201 | (4) |
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6.2.2 Structural analysis |
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205 | (4) |
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6.2.3 Lexicogrammatical analysis |
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209 | (4) |
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6.3 Be/get Ved in CLIL materials |
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213 | (9) |
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213 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Structural analysis |
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215 | (4) |
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6.3.3 Lexicogrammatical analysis |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (5) |
Chapter 7 The selectivity of CLIL - Learner variables |
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227 | (18) |
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7.1 Learner profile questionnaire |
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228 | (7) |
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235 | (5) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (4) |
Chapter 8 The impact of CLIL - Corpus data |
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245 | (58) |
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8.1 Quantitative analysis |
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246 | (26) |
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8.1.1 Influence of educational setting and formulation of essay prompts |
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246 | (6) |
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8.1.1.1 Frequency of be/get Ved across educational settings |
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246 | (5) |
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8.1.1.2 Frequency of be/get Ved across conditions |
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251 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Influence of learner variables |
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252 | (13) |
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8.1.2.1 Learner profile questionnaire |
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253 | (7) |
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8.1.2.2 Psychometric tests |
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260 | (4) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Combined influence of educational setting and learner variables |
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265 | (7) |
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8.1.3.1 Be Ved in essay 1 |
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267 | (2) |
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8.1.3.2 Be Ved in essay 1 and 2 (mean) |
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269 | (1) |
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8.1.3.3 Get Ved in essay 1 and 2 (mean) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (14) |
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8.2.1 The passive with modal auxiliaries and catenative verbs |
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272 | (4) |
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8.2.2 The passive and aspect |
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276 | (2) |
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8.2.3 The passive and verb complementation |
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278 | (7) |
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285 | (1) |
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8.3 Lexicogrammatical analysis |
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286 | (8) |
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8.3.1 Central and non-central passives |
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287 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Most frequent types |
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288 | (5) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (5) |
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299 | (4) |
Chapter 9 The impact of CLIL - Experimental data |
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303 | (56) |
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9.1 Quantitative analysis |
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304 | (26) |
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9.1.1 Influence of educational setting |
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305 | (3) |
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9.1.2 Influence of learner variables |
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308 | (11) |
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9.1.2.1 Learner profile questionnaire |
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308 | (7) |
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9.1.2.2 Psychometric tests |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Combined influence of educational setting and learner variables |
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319 | (11) |
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9.1.3.1 Responses with correct sequence of constituents |
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322 | (1) |
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9.1.3.2 Responses with correct passive auxiliaries |
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323 | (2) |
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9.1.3.3 Responses with correct participles |
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325 | (2) |
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9.1.3.4 Overall correct responses |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (21) |
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9.2.1 The passive with modal auxiliaries |
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330 | (3) |
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9.2.2 The passive and aspect |
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333 | (3) |
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9.2.3 The passive and verb complementation |
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336 | (12) |
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9.2.3.1 Monotransitive verbs |
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337 | (1) |
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9.2.3.2 Ditransitive verbs |
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338 | (3) |
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9.2.3.3 Complex-transitive verbs |
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341 | (2) |
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9.2.3.4 Prepositional verbs |
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343 | (2) |
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9.2.3.5 Impersonal passive |
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345 | (3) |
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9.2.4 Agentful and agentless passives |
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348 | (3) |
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9.3 Lexicogrammatical analysis |
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351 | (5) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (3) |
Chapter 10 Conclusion |
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359 | (10) |
References |
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369 | (16) |
Appendices |
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385 | (24) |
Index |
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409 | |