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E-raamat: Language and Linguistic Diversity in the US: An Introduction

(Emory University, USA),
  • Formaat: 400 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781136579059
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  • Formaat: 400 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781136579059
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This highly engaging textbook presents a linguistic view of the history, society, and culture of the United States. It discusses the many languages and forms of language that have been used in the US – including standard and nonstandard forms of English, creoles, Native American languages, and immigrant languages from across the globe – and shows how this distribution and diversity of languages has helped shape and define America as well as an American identity. The volume introduces the basic concepts of sociolinguistics and the politics of language through cohesive, up-to-date and accessible coverage of such key topics as dialectal development and the role of English as the majority language, controversies concerning language use in society, languages other than English used in the US, and the policies that have directly or indirectly influenced language use. These topics are presented in such a way that students can examine the inherent diversity of the communicative systems used in the United States as both a form of cultural enrichment and as the basis for socio-political conflict. The author team outlines the different viewpoints on contemporary issues surrounding language in the US and contextualizes these issues within linguistic facts, to help students think critically and formulate logical discussions. To provide opportunities for further examination and debate, chapters are organized around key misconceptions or questions (I dont have an accent or Immigrants dont want to learn English), bringing them to the forefront for readers to address directly.Language and Linguistic Diversity in the US is a fresh and unique take on a widely taught topic. It is ideal for students from a variety of disciplines or with no prior knowledge of the field, and a useful text for introductory courses on language in the US, American English, language variation, language ideology, and sociolinguistics.

Arvustused

"Developing a textbook for the diverse group of studentsusually with no background in linguisticswho typically enroll in a course on language in the U.S. presents special challenges. In an engaging and accessible way, this book strikes an excellent balance between presentation of key linguistics concepts alongside important aspects of U.S. history and society. It will be useful as a primary book in its own right or as a foundation for exploration of more specialized topics." Jeff Good, University at Buffalo"Language and Linguistic Diversity in the US is an engaging text that equips students to explore and explain the linguistic world around them. Tamasi and Antieau have created a text that is modern, informative, and entertaining while introducing students to the study of language variation. In this text, the authors lay an excellent foundation for students beginning study in sociolinguistics and provide the scaffolding for students to take their study further." Becky Childs, Coastal Carolina University"Tamasi and Antieaus thorough text provides a fresh perspective on foundations in language variation, identity, and ideology. By centering the value of linguistic diversity and the rich histories of languages and dialects in the U.S., the authors give beginning students an accessible path through key ideas in sociolinguistics, and encourage further exploration through the numerous examples, discussion questions, and suggested activities that accompany each chapter." Anastasia Nylund, Georgetown University

List of Illustrations
xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1 Language and Linguistics
1(21)
Introduction
2(1)
Language
3(1)
Linguistics
4(3)
Key Principles in Linguistics
7(12)
Language is Governed by Rules
8(1)
All Languages are Created Equal
9(1)
Language Changes
10(4)
Language Varies
14(5)
Language is a Reflection of Identity
19(1)
Conclusion
20(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
21(1)
2 Grammar, Standardization, and Language Authorities
22(21)
Introduction
23(1)
Prescriptive Grammar and Declarations of Correctness
24(4)
Descriptive Grammar and Grammaticality Judgments
28(4)
Language Authorities
32(5)
Standardization and a Standard Language Ideology
37(4)
The Process of Standardization
39(2)
Conclusion
41(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
42(1)
3 Language Attitudes
43(22)
Introduction
44(1)
Language Attitudes
45(1)
Social Psychology and Language Attitude Research
46(3)
Folk Linguistics and Perceptual Dialectology
49(10)
Draw-a-Map Technique
49(4)
Pile Sort Method
53(3)
"Correct" and "Pleasant" Speech
56(3)
Additional Insights from Folk Linguistics
59(2)
Language Prejudice and Linguistic Discrimination
61(1)
Conclusion
62(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
63(2)
4 Colonial American English
65(28)
Introduction
66(1)
The Foundations of Colonial American English
67(8)
English Settlement of the American Colonies
75(5)
Virginia
77(1)
New England
77(2)
Pennsylvania
79(1)
Appalachia
79(1)
Other Languages in the New World
80(5)
The Emergence of American English
85(4)
British Versus American English
89(2)
Conclusion
91(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
91(2)
5 Regional Variation in American English
93(26)
Introduction
94(1)
Factors in Dialect Formation
95(4)
Settlement History
95(1)
Physical Geography
96(1)
Cultural Centers
97(1)
Contact with Other Languages
98(1)
American Dialect Surveys
99(8)
American Linguistic Atlas Projects
101(2)
Dictionary of American Regional English
103(1)
TELSUR/The Atlas of North American English
104(3)
American Regional Dialects
107(9)
The South
108(2)
The North
110(1)
The Midland
111(2)
The West
113(2)
Alaska and Hawaii
115(1)
The Tenacity of American Regional Dialects
116(1)
Conclusion
117(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
117(2)
6 Social Variation in American English
119(24)
Introduction
120(1)
Pioneering Studies in Sociolinguistics
121(6)
Language and Identity in Martha's Vineyard
122(1)
Socioeconomic Class in New York City
122(3)
Social Network Theory
125(2)
Social Variables
127(11)
Language and Age
128(3)
Language and Gender
131(4)
Language and Sexual Orientation
135(1)
Language and Ethnicity
136(2)
Social Media
138(3)
Conclusion
141(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
142(1)
7 African American English
143(24)
Introduction
144(1)
Early Sociolinguistic Research on AAE
145(1)
A Rose is a Rose
146(1)
Historical Background
147(5)
The Structure of African American English
152(9)
Lexicon
153(1)
Grammar
154(4)
Phonology
158(1)
Discourse Structure
159(2)
Issues of Stigma and Prestige
161(4)
Conclusion
165(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
166(1)
8 Standard American English
167(19)
Introduction
168(1)
Standard Languages
169(3)
American Standardization
172(5)
What is Standard American English?
177(3)
American Authorities: Education, Television, and the Myth of an Accent-free America
180(4)
Conclusion
184(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
185(1)
9 Multilingual America
186(23)
Introduction
187(1)
A Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
188(1)
How Multi is a Multilingual America?
189(6)
Language Shift and Language Maintenance
195(4)
A Nation of Immigrants, A Nation of Languages
199(5)
American Multilingualism
204(3)
Conclusion
207(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
207(2)
10 Spanish as a Heritage Language
209(17)
Introduction
210(1)
A History of Spanish in the United States
211(5)
Spanish Media and Education
216(1)
Variation in the Spanish of the United States
217(4)
Attitudes on Spanish Use in the United States
221(1)
Spanish Maintenance and Language Shift in the United States
222(2)
Conclusion
224(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
224(2)
11 Other Heritage Languages
226(27)
Introduction
227(1)
French
228(4)
A History of French in the United States
229(3)
Variation in French in the United States
232(1)
Current Status of French in the United States
232(1)
German
232(5)
A History of German in the United States
233(3)
Variation in German in the United States
236(1)
Current Status of German in the United States
237(1)
Chinese
237(4)
A History of Chinese in the United States
238(2)
Variation in Chinese in the United States
240(1)
Current Status of Chinese in the United States
240(1)
Tagalog
241(2)
A History of Tagalog in the United States
242(1)
Variation in Tagalog in the United States
243(1)
Current Status of Tagalog in the United States
243(1)
Arabic
243(4)
A History of Arabic in the United States
244(2)
Variation in Arabic in the United States
246(1)
Current Status of Arabic in the United States
246(1)
Yiddish
247(3)
A History of Yiddish in the United States
247(2)
Variation in Yiddish in the United States
249(1)
Current Status of Yiddish in the United States
250(1)
Conclusion
250(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
251(2)
12 Native American Languages
253(26)
Introduction
254(1)
A History of Native Americans
255(4)
Native American Linguistics
259(3)
Variation among Languages
262(7)
Phonology
263(1)
Morphology
264(3)
Syntax
267(1)
Lexicon/Semantics
268(1)
Variation within Individual Languages
269(1)
American Indian English
269(2)
Maintenance and Revitalization of Native American Languages
271(5)
Conclusion
276(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
277(2)
13 Pidgins and Creoles in the United States
279(21)
Introduction
280(1)
Pidgins
281(3)
Creoles
284(4)
American Creoles
288(9)
Gullah
289(3)
Louisiana Creole
292(3)
Hawaiian Creole
295(1)
The Status of American Creoles in the United States
296(1)
Other Creoles in the United States
297(1)
Conclusion
298(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
299(1)
14 American Sign Language
300(23)
Introduction
301(1)
ASL and the American Deaf Community
302(1)
The Structure of American Sign Language
303(7)
Variation in American Sign Language
310(4)
Black ASL
311(2)
Tactile ASL
313(1)
Baby Sign
313(1)
A History of ASL and the Education of Deaf Americans
314(3)
Social Issues and Controversies in the Deaf Community
317(4)
Signing Town: Laurent, South Dakota
318(1)
Cochlear Implants
319(2)
Deaf President Now
321(1)
Conclusion
321(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
322(1)
15 Official English
323(26)
Introduction
324(1)
Language as a Reflection of National Identity
325(5)
History of Official English Legislation
330(5)
Federal Legislation
330(1)
State Legislation
331(3)
Meyer v. State of Nebraska
334(1)
Arguments For and Against
335(9)
Pro Arguments
335(3)
Con Arguments
338(6)
Legislative Support for Minority Language Speakers
344(1)
Conclusion
345(1)
Discussion and Research Questions
346(3)
References 349(26)
Index 375
Susan Tamasi is Senior Lecturer and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Program in Linguistics, Emory University. She has presented at NWAV, AAAL, Sociolinguistics Symposium, and American Dialect Society, Her areas of research include sociolinguistics, language variation, language attitudes, American English, and health communication.

Lamont Antieau is an independent language consultant who has held positions as Research Associate (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), Visiting Instructor (Western Carolina University), and Lecturer (Mississippi State University). He has presented at NWAV, American Dialect Society, Southeastern Conference on Linguistics, and International Association of Forensic Linguists. His areas of research include language variation, dialectology, American English, corpus linguistics, and biomedical informatics.