Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Introduction |
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xiii | |
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I THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOSS AVERSION |
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1 Loss Aversion: An Overview |
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3 | (52) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (4) |
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7 | (2) |
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2 Multiple Reference Points |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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4 Generality of Reference-Dependence |
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11 | (1) |
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E Alternative Theories, Limitations, and Critique |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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G Loss Aversion and Emotions |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (17) |
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1 Status Quo and Omission Biases |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (8) |
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3 Sunk Costs and Escalation of Commitment |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (2) |
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I Professional Decision-Making |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (1) |
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K Debiasing Loss Aversion? |
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38 | (4) |
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L Evolutionary Roots and Neural Basis |
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42 | (4) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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M Impact on Other Disciplines |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (7) |
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II UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN LEGAL CONTEXTS |
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55 | (12) |
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55 | (1) |
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B Framing Prices and Other Attributes |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (2) |
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D Escalation of Commitment |
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61 | (2) |
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E Lenient Return Policies and the Endowment Effect |
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63 | (2) |
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F Status Quo and Omission Biases |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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3 The Market for Legal Services: Contingent Fees |
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67 | (16) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (2) |
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C Loss Aversion and Plaintiffs' Preferences |
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72 | (6) |
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D Loss Aversion and Defendants' Preferences |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (2) |
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4 Litigation and Settlement |
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83 | (16) |
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83 | (1) |
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B Standard Economic Analysis |
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84 | (1) |
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C Framing Litigation Outcomes and Risk Attitude |
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85 | (2) |
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D Settlement, Regret, and Loss Aversion |
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87 | (3) |
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E Default Effect and Alternative Dispute Resolution |
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90 | (2) |
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F A Note on Plea Bargains |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (3) |
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5 Legally Induced Reference Points |
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99 | (20) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (8) |
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109 | (3) |
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D Legal Reforms and Temporary Legislation |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (4) |
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IV LOSS AVERSION AND BASIC FEATURES OF THE LAW |
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6 Correspondence between Loss Aversion and the Law |
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119 | (48) |
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119 | (1) |
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B Private Law: Tort versus Unjust Enrichment |
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120 | (5) |
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C Contract Remedies: Expectation versus Disgorgement |
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125 | (8) |
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D Constitutional Property Law: Takings versus Givings |
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133 | (4) |
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E Criminal Law: Necessity and Bad Samaritan Laws |
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137 | (3) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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F Human Rights: Civil and Political versus Social and Economic |
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140 | (4) |
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G Civil Rights: Affirmative Action |
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144 | (5) |
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H Refugee and Immigration Law: Denying Entrance versus Expelling |
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149 | (4) |
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I Tax Law: Tax Exemptions and Tax Withholding |
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153 | (4) |
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1 Tax Exemptions versus Spending |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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J Evidence Law: Burden of Proof in Civil Litigation |
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157 | (5) |
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K Civil Procedure: Preliminary Injunctions |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (10) |
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167 | (1) |
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B Efficiency-of-the-Common-Law Theories |
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168 | (3) |
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C Loss Aversion and the Plaintiffs' Role |
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171 | (3) |
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D Assessment and Conclusion |
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174 | (3) |
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8 Cognitive Psychology, Commonsense Morality, and the Law |
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177 | (26) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (4) |
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C Moderate Deontology and Commonsense Morality |
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182 | (7) |
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D Deontology, Commonsense Morality, and Loss Aversion |
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189 | (4) |
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E Commonsense Morality and Law |
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193 | (2) |
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F Moral and Evolutionary Psychology |
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195 | (4) |
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199 | (4) |
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9 Loss Aversion: Normative Implications |
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203 | (28) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (7) |
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1 Loss Aversion Is Not Irrational Per Se |
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205 | (2) |
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2 The Limited Manipulability of Reference Points |
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207 | (5) |
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C Justifying Basic Features of Extant Law |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (11) |
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1 Preventing Exploitation |
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216 | (3) |
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219 | (5) |
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224 | (2) |
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E Legal Decision-Makers' Loss Aversion |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (2) |
Conclusion |
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231 | (4) |
Author Index |
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235 | (12) |
Index |
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247 | |