| Foreword by William R. Cornish |
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xv | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xvi | |
| Table of cases |
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xvii | |
| Table of legislation |
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xxiii | |
| Table of European Union legislation |
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xxxiv | |
| Table of treaties, conventions, other international and regional instruments |
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xxxviii | |
| 1 Introduction |
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1 | (9) |
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Why have databases become an important issue |
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2 | (1) |
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The structure of this book |
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3 | (7) |
| 2 Some basic principles |
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10 | (40) |
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Basic copyright principles concerning databases |
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11 | (26) |
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Compilations and collections |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (8) |
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The 'sweat of the brow' approach |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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European standards of originality |
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16 | (1) |
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The spectrum of originality |
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17 | (1) |
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Originality as it applies to compilations and databases |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (3) |
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Some technical aspects of database creation |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (4) |
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A substantial part of a work: qualitative rather than quantitative tests |
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25 | (3) |
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Rights that are infringed |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Right of communication to the public |
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31 | (1) |
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Protection against circumvention of technological protection devices |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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Principles of unfair competition |
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37 | (3) |
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Contract law and databases |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (7) |
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The paradigm does not fit |
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43 | (3) |
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The legal model for protection may generate the possibility of legitimate market power being created |
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46 | (1) |
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The logistics of government regulation |
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47 | (1) |
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Government policy towards competition law |
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48 | (1) |
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Aspects of distributive justice |
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48 | (2) |
| 3 Protection of databases in the EU |
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50 | (53) |
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51 | (49) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (7) |
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Justification for a Directive |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Relationship to copyright in computer programs |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Relationship between copyright and contract law |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the sui generis right |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Protection for databases outside the EU |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Preservation of other legal provisions |
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59 | (1) |
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Summary of the First Draft |
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60 | (1) |
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Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee of the Council |
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60 | (5) |
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62 | (1) |
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Protection for databases outside the EU |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Authorship of databases and circumvention of technological protection of databases |
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64 | (1) |
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Summary of the Committee's Opinion |
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64 | (1) |
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Amendments to the Directive by the European Parliament |
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65 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the sui generis right |
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67 | (1) |
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The duration of protection |
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67 | (1) |
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Summary of the 1993 Amendments |
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67 | (1) |
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The common position of 10 July 1995 |
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68 | (1) |
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The final version of the Directive |
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68 | (31) |
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69 | (1) |
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The need for uniform laws |
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69 | (1) |
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Explanation of the substantive provisions of the Directive |
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70 | (1) |
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Scope of the Directive and the definition of a database |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Exceptions to copyright in databases |
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77 | (4) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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A qualitatively or quantitatively substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting |
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83 | (4) |
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Right to prevent extraction and/or re-utilisation |
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87 | (2) |
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Infringement of the right of extraction and re-utilisation |
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89 | (2) |
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Exceptions to the sui generis right |
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91 | (1) |
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Duration of the sui generis right |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (4) |
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Territorial qualification for protection |
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97 | (1) |
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Compulsory licensing and competition law |
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97 | (1) |
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Saving of existing legal regimes 98 Final provisions |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Circumvention of protection measures |
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100 | (3) |
| 4 Transposition of the Directive |
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103 | (57) |
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109 | (4) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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Right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (5) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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Right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (8) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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118 | (5) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (2) |
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Right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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Copyright protection before and after transposition |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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The right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Technological protection measures |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (4) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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The right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (5) |
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Copyright before and after transposition of databases prior to the Directive |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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The right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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The right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (15) |
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Copyright before and after transposition |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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Right to extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Summary of the transposition of the Directive |
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152 | (10) |
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Harmonisation of copyright |
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152 | (1) |
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The investment necessary to qualify for sui generis protection |
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153 | (2) |
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Nature of the right and the test of infringement |
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155 | (1) |
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Definition of a lawful user |
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156 | (1) |
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Lack of harmonisation of the exceptions |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Relationship to unfair competition laws |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
| 5 Protection of databases in the United States of America |
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160 | (57) |
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162 | (9) |
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Some decisions since Feist |
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162 | (2) |
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Circumvention of technological measures |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (3) |
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Summary of the copyright position |
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170 | (1) |
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Nature and history of the American tort of misappropriation |
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171 | (19) |
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International News Service v. Associated Press |
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172 | (6) |
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Subject matter of protection |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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The dissenting judgment in International News Service v. Associated Press |
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175 | (1) |
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Summary of the position in International News Service v. Associated Press |
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176 | (2) |
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The chequered history of the decision in International News Service v. Associated Press |
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178 | (1) |
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Limitations on the scope of the tort of misappropriation |
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179 | (10) |
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Pre-emption by the Federal Constitution and intellectual property legislation |
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180 | (3) |
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Direct competition between the parties |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (2) |
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Reducing the plaintiffs incentive |
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187 | (2) |
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Summary of American unfair competition law |
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189 | (1) |
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Legislative proposals for sui generis protection |
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190 | (23) |
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The Database Investment and Intellectual Property Antipiracy Bi11 of 1996 |
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190 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Comparisons with misappropriation |
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192 | (1) |
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Comparisons with the Directive |
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192 | (1) |
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The Collections of Information Antipiracy Bill 1997 |
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193 | (7) |
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194 | (1) |
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Prerequisite for sui generis protection |
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194 | (1) |
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Nature of the sui generis right |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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Circumvention of database protection systems and protection of database management information |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Preservation of contract law and other legal regimes |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Comparisons with the Directive |
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199 | (1) |
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Comparisons with misappropriation |
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200 | (1) |
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The Collections of Information Antipiracy Bill of 1999 |
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200 | (13) |
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Definition of a collection of information |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Reasonable uses for educational, scientific or research purposes |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Special provisions for securities and commodities market information and digital on-line communications |
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207 | (1) |
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Special provisions regarding genealogical information |
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207 | (1) |
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Investigative, protective or intelligence activities |
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207 | (1) |
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Computer programs and digital on-line communications |
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208 | (1) |
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Government collections of information |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Comparisons with the Directive |
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211 | (1) |
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Comparisons with misappropriation |
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212 | (1) |
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The Consumer and Investor Access to Information Bill of 1999 |
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213 | (1) |
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Summary of the American position |
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213 | (4) |
| 6 International aspects of protection of databases |
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217 | (20) |
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International agreements concerning copyright protection of databases |
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218 | (8) |
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National treatment, most favoured nation status and the Directive |
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221 | (5) |
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Public international obligations and the American legislation |
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226 | (1) |
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Steps towards a WIPO Treaty on the Protection of Databases |
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226 | (8) |
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227 | (1) |
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Further moves towards a database treaty by WIPO |
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228 | (1) |
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WIPO information meeting on intellectual property in databases, Geneva, 17-19 September 1997 |
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229 | (1) |
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Observations by WMO and UNESCO |
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229 | (1) |
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Outcome of the information meeting |
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230 | (1) |
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Summary of moves to adopt a database treaty |
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231 | (3) |
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EU and bilateral arrangements |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
| 7 The appropriate model for the legal protection of databases |
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237 | (51) |
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The argument in favour of sui generis protection |
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239 | (25) |
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241 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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The costs of intellectual property rights |
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244 | (13) |
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245 | (2) |
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Loss of public good benefits |
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247 | (7) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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Limiting the costs of property rights |
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257 | (1) |
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Summary of economic theory |
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258 | (1) |
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Anecdotal and empirical evidence |
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259 | (5) |
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Evidence of the Directive's impact |
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263 | (1) |
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Non-economic roles of information |
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264 | (8) |
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Limits of the tragedy of the commons |
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266 | (3) |
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Examples of scientific cooperation |
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269 | (3) |
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269 | (2) |
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) |
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271 | (1) |
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Some suggestions for protection of databases |
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272 | (11) |
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Defining the subject matter of protection narrowly so as to avoid unnecessary and unintended consequences |
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273 | (1) |
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Separation of the subject matter of sui generis protection for sweat of the brow from copyright protection |
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274 | (1) |
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Differentiation of sui generis rights from copyright |
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275 | (1) |
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Exceptions to copyright to permit use of underlying information |
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276 | (1) |
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Exceptions to prohibitions on circumvention protection devices |
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277 | (1) |
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An equivalent to the fair use defence |
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277 | (1) |
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Relationship with contract law and compulsory licences |
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278 | (2) |
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Modification of competition law principles |
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280 | (1) |
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Duration of the period of protection |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Excise some areas of scientific cooperation from any treaty or legislation |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (3) |
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Canadian approach to originality |
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285 | (1) |
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Reports to WIPO on the impact of database protection on developing countries |
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286 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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288 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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290 | (6) |
| Index |
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296 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta