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E-raamat: Lexical borrowing and deborrowing in Spanish in New York City: Towards a synthesis of the social correlates of lexical use and diffusion in immigrant contexts

(University of Miami, USA)
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Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City provides a sociodemographic portrait of lexical borrowing in Spanish in New York City.

The volume offers new and important insights into research on lexical borrowing. In particular, it presents empirical data obtained through quantitative analysis to answer the question of who is most likely to use English lexical borrowings while speaking Spanish, to address the impact that English has on Spanish as spoken in the city and to identify the social factors that contribute to language change.

The book also provides an empirical, corpus-based-approach to distinguishing between borrowing and other contact phenomena, such as codeswitching, which will be of interest to scholars of language contact and bilingualism.
List of tables
x
List of figures
xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xviii
Notations and orthographic conventions xix
1 Introduction
1(12)
1 Preliminaries
1(3)
2 Spanish in New York City
4(1)
3 Spanish in contact with English in New York City: a brief sketch of lexical phenomena
5(2)
4 A note on language and language membership
7(6)
2 The lexical borrowing database: classifying lexical contact phenomena
13(30)
1 The concept of lexical borrowing
13(1)
2 Data, models and operationalization of concepts
14(8)
3 Data selection criteria and the formation of the English lexical borrowing database
22(21)
3 The corpus and analysis
43(11)
1 The Otheguy-Zentella Corpus, language contact and variation
43(2)
2 Informants and interviews
45(1)
3 Independent variables and stratification of the Spanish in New York corpus
46(1)
4 Dependent variables
46(2)
5 Analysis
48(1)
6 Interpretation
48(1)
7 Presentation of results
49(5)
4 An overview of lexical borrowing behavior in Spanish in New York City
54(15)
1 Overview of the corpus
54(1)
2 What lexical borrowing says about in Spanish speakers in New York City
55(6)
3 What lexical borrowing does not say about Spanish speakers in New York City
61(3)
4 Summary of lexical borrowing behavior in New York City
64(5)
5 Immigrant generations in focus
69(20)
1 Lexical borrowing frequency in the first immigrant generation
69(9)
2 Lexical borrowing frequency in the second immigrant generation
78(5)
3 Conclusion
83(6)
6 Innovation, reproduction and the dissemination of lexical borrowings in Spanish in New York City
89(16)
1 Introduction and additional questions
89(1)
2 Shared and nonshared vocabulary in Spanish in New York
89(3)
3 The use of nonshared vocabulary: lexical borrowing innovators
92(3)
4 The use of shared vocabulary: lexical borrowing reproducers
95(3)
5 On non-significant variables in lexical borrowing innovation and reproduction
98(1)
6 On the dissemination of lexical borrowings
99(1)
7 Conclusion and review of questions
100(5)
7 Deborrowing: flagged lexical borrowings in Spanish in New York City
105(19)
1 Flagging in bilingual speech research
105(1)
2 Analysis
106(1)
3 The data and coding
107(9)
4 Examining the disfluency hypotheses
116(4)
5 Conclusion
120(4)
8 Synthesis and application of findings
124(12)
1 A limitation of the current study: underrepresentation of the shared lexicon of Spanish in New York
124(1)
2 A portrait of lexical borrowing and its Spanish-speaking users in New York City
125(2)
3 The social determinants of lexical borrowing across contact situations
127(2)
4 Applications to bilingual speech research
129(1)
5 Linking speech behavior to long-term outcomes of language contact
130(6)
Appendix A Stratification of the Otheguy-Zentella Corpus of Spanish in NYC
136(2)
Appendix B Excerpts from the Otheguy-Zentella Corpus by referring chapter
138(3)
Appendix C Results of the Homonymy test
141(2)
Appendix D Criteria for Lexical Borrowing by Part of Speech Category
143(25)
1 Nouns and noun phrases
143(7)
2 Adjectives
150(1)
3 Adverbs
151(1)
4 Verbs
152(2)
5 Prepositions and prepositional phrases
154(2)
6 Determiners
156(1)
7 Quantifiers: numeric, generic and ordinal
157(1)
8 Connectives: conjunctions, coordinators and complementizers
158(1)
9 Indexical demonstratives
159(1)
10 Tag items
160(3)
11 General inclusions
163(1)
12 General exclusions
164(4)
Index 168
Rachel Varra is Assistant Professor in the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, and in Linguistics at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, VA.