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E-raamat: Life Cycle Assessment of Forest Products: Challenges and Solutions

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This brief contains information on the reduction of environmental impact and explains how it is a key driver for the R&D of new forest products. The authors, experts in the field, describe how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental impact of such products, e.g. in order to guide R&D or attract investments. The authors describe the main challenges of carrying out LCAs on forest products, make recommendations for managing these challenges, and discuss future research needs. LCA case studies are used to illustrate the challenges, covering a variety of forest products: building components, biofuels, industrial chemicals, textile fibres and clothing. Described challenges include the planning of LCA studies (e.g.how can one use LCA in R&D?), the modelling of product systems (how can one handle multi-functionality and uncertainties related to waste handling and geographical location of future production?) and environmental impact (how can one assess water and lan

d use impact, and the climate impact of biomass?).

Introduction.- The promise of forest products.- Environmental assessment of future forest products.- Purpose of this brief.- Guide for readers 
1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 The Crises of the Anthropocene
1(1)
1.2 New Products Are Needed
2(1)
1.3 The Promise of Forest Products
3(1)
1.4 Life Cycle Assessment of Forest Products
4(1)
1.5 Purposes of This Book
4(1)
1.6 Guide for Readers
5(4)
References
5(4)
2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Forest Products
9(6)
2.1 Renewability
9(1)
2.2 Biodegradability
10(1)
2.3 Climate Change
11(1)
2.4 Biodiversity Loss and Water Cycle Disturbances
11(1)
2.5 Indirect Effects
12(1)
2.6 Other Aspects of the Environmental Impact of Forest Products
12(1)
2.7 Concluding Remarks
13(2)
References
13(2)
3 LCA Methodology
15(10)
3.1 Attributional or Consequential LCA?
18(1)
3.2 Context and Limitations of LCA
19(6)
3.2.1 Relationship Between LCA and Other Assessment Tools
20(2)
References
22(3)
4 LCA of Forest Products--Challenges and Solutions
25(44)
4.1 Modelling Future and/or Uncertain Product Systems
26(5)
4.1.1 Definitions and Classifications
26(1)
4.1.2 Examples from the Literature
27(3)
4.1.3 End-of-Life Modelling of Long-lived Products
30(1)
4.2 Handling Multi-functionality
31(3)
4.2.1 Examples from the Literature
33(1)
4.3 Inventorying and Assessing Environmental Impacts
34(19)
4.3.1 Modelling the Carbon Flows of Forest Product Systems
35(4)
4.3.2 Climate Change
39(3)
4.3.3 Biodiversity Loss
42(4)
4.3.4 Water Cycle Disturbances
46(4)
4.3.5 Energy Use
50(2)
4.3.6 Need for Improved Impact Assessment Terminology
52(1)
4.4 Managing Trade-offs and Connecting LCAs to Global Challenges
53(1)
4.5 Integrating LCA Work in the R&D of New Products
54(15)
4.5.1 Integrating LCA in Inter-organisational R&D Projects
56(2)
References
58(11)
5 Future Research Needs
69(4)
References
71(2)
6 Concluding Remarks
73
Reference
74
Dr. Gustav Sandin Albertsson is based in the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden in Borås. He is a researcher in the Department of Sustainable Built Environment. His most recent project is called Trash-2-Cash, an EU Horizon 2020 project on the development of designed high-value products from zero-value waste textiles and fibres. Dr. Albertsson has published several peer-reviewed articles featuring life cycle assessment research. Prof. Dr. Magdalena Svanström is based at Chalmers University of Technology in the Chalmers Chemical Environmental Science (CES) Department. Prof. Dr. Svanström also obtained her PhD from the CES department and has since published several peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. She is a Professor (Biträdande Professor), at Chalmers and performs approximately 60% research. Professor Greg Peters is based in the Chemical Environmental Science (CES) department, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden since November 2014 (tenured), 60% research. The themes of his work include enhancing the depth of sustainability assessment tools and broadening their application. Prof. Peters has published 77 peer-reviewed scientific articles, 4 books and 5 chapters in books.According to the Scopus database, he has been cited 840 times and has an h-index of 15.