Preface and acknowledgments |
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XIII | |
PART I Preliminaries |
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3 | |
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1. Introductory remarks: creativity in language and discourse |
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3 | |
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2. Creativity, language, and thought |
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6 | |
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2.1 Tokieda: the speaking subject's expressivity and linguistic creativity |
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6 | |
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2.2 Vygotsky: fluid thought and linguistic creativity |
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9 | |
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3. Creating personalized expressive meanings |
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4. Theoretical framework: the place of negotiation theory |
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5. Methodology and interpretive approaches |
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5.2 Concepts of selves, perspectives, and voices |
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7. Organization of the book |
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1. Studies on linguistic creativity |
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1.1 Linguistic creativity in ordinary conversation |
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1.3 Linguistic creativity in cognitive approaches |
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29 | |
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1.4 Toward exploring linguistic creativity in Japanese discourse |
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31 | |
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2. Linguistic creativity in Japanese rhetoric and culture |
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32 | |
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2.1 Selves-in-transit: mojiri and mimicry |
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33 | |
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2.2 Perspective taking: mitate and futaku |
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35 | |
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2.3 Echoing voices: honkadori and linking |
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3. Linguistic creativity and rhetorical views toward language and discourse |
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40 | |
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3.1 Miki and the spirit of rhetoric |
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1. Self and multiple selves |
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1.1 Self in the place of negotiation theory |
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1.2 Multiple selves in Japanese studies |
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1.3 In between self and other: Mild and Bakhtin |
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49 | |
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1.4 Divided selves and the relational sublime |
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51 | |
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2. Self and linguistic subjectivity |
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2.1 Linguistic subjectivity across languages |
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2.2 Japanese as a subjectivity-prominent and ego-centered language |
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2.3 Self and linguistic subjectivity in Japanese discourse |
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57 | |
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3. Perspective and perspectivization |
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3.1 Perspective in linguistics and literature |
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3.2 Perspective and cognitive approaches |
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3.3 Joint attention and sharing the perspectivized appearance |
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4. Multiple voices and intertextuality |
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4.1 Bakhtin and multiple voices |
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5. Linguistic creativity: a source for realizing selves and identities |
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PART II Discourse creativity: Styles and genres |
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CHAPTER 4 Style mixture and the use of rhetorical sentences |
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1. Introduction: creative use of style mixture |
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4. Mixing the emotive da style |
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5. Mixing the emotive desu/masu style |
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6. Mixing the supra-polite style |
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7. Mixing rhetorical sentences |
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7.1 Rhetorical sentences and linking |
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7.2 Rhetorical sentences and the story-telling effect |
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8. Reflections: speaking in multiple voices |
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CHAPTER 5 Borrowing others' styles and manipulating styles-in-transit |
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3. Borrowing others' styles |
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3.2 Manipulating imagined styles |
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4. Styles-in-transit: concurrent styles and mojiri |
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4.1 The drama: Tiger & Dragon |
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4.2 Concurrent styles and multiple selves |
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4.3 Styles-in-transit and mojiri |
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5. Reflections: presenting selves through styles |
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CHAPTER 6 Genre mixture between conversation and text |
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1. Introduction: creative use of genre mixture |
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2. Background: quotation and dialogicality |
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3. Sentence-final mitaina: acting out the conversation |
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3.1 On sentence-final mitaina |
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3.2 Mitaina in conversation |
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4. Conversation as a modifier |
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5. Conversational commentary in text |
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6. Reflections: manipulating multiple voices and selves |
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PART III Rhetorical creativity: Humor and figures |
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CHAPTER 7 Puns and intertextuality |
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1. Introduction: linguistic creativity and playfulness |
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2. Background: on puns and humor |
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6.2 Multiple and overlapping puns |
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7. Intertextual puns: playing with the prior text |
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7.1 Playing with poetic lines |
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8. Reflections: playing with multiple voices and perspectives in and across discourse |
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CHAPTER 8 Mitate, futaku, and the macro-metaphor |
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1. Introduction: metaphors and rhetorical effects |
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4. The flower/blossom macro-metaphor as a cultural icon |
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5. The yuusuge flower in a poem |
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6. The theatrical flower in a Noh manual |
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7. The flower in a popular song |
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8. The cherry blossom story in an essay |
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9. Reflections: metaphor, culture, and linguistic creativity |
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184 | |
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CHAPTER 9 Metaphors in multimodal discourse |
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2. Background: multimodal approaches to discourse |
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2.1 Between text and visual image |
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3. Visual images in an essay |
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3.1 The cartoon illustration |
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3.2 Illustration as metaphorical thematic presentation |
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4. Metaphorical framing of "silence" |
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4.2 Between text and visual metaphor |
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5. Visual metaphorization of "freedom" |
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5.2 Between text and visual metaphor |
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6. Multilevel metaphors in a singing spectacle |
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6.1 The song: Manjuushaka |
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6.2 Between lyrical and visual metaphor |
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6.3 The performer-metaphor metamorphosis |
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7. Reflections: presenting multiple perspectives in metaphorical discourse |
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208 | |
PART IV Grammatical creativity: Sentences and phrases |
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CHAPTER 10 Negatives for non-negative effects |
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1. Introduction: negating creatively |
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2. Background: on the use of negatives |
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212 | |
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3. From contrast to denial |
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3.3 Effects of double and repeated denials |
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4. Expressive functions of negatives in advertising and poetry |
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4.2 The poem: Do not bundle me |
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5. Expressive functions of negatives in novels |
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5.1 Negatives and character portrayal |
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223 | |
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5.2 Repeated denials and undeniable feelings |
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6. Reflections: grammar as a source for linguistic creativity |
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CHAPTER 11 Demonstratives and the perspectivization of discourse worlds |
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1. Introduction: more than physical locations |
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2. Background: on demonstratives in discourse |
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3. Between ko-series demonstratives and so-series demonstratives |
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4. Discourse functions of ko-, so-, and a-series demonstratives |
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5. Ko-series demonstratives: emotive proximity and narrative perspectives |
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6. The world of ko and the world of so |
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7. Anaphora, cataphora, and the boundaries of discourse |
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8. A-series demonstratives: emotivity and the perspectivized appearance |
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9. Reflections: locating discourse worlds in emotive places |
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255 | |
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CHAPTER 12 First-person references and the perspectivization of multiple selves |
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257 | |
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1. Introduction: linguistic creativity and the presentation of selves |
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257 | |
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2. Background: first-person references in cognitive approaches |
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259 | |
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3. First-person references in Japanese discourse |
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261 | |
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3.1 Characteristics of watashi and its variants |
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262 | |
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3.2 On the non-use of watashi |
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3.3 Watashi and the particle use |
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4. From self as locutionary agent to self-identifying objectified self |
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4.1 Mixing the zero form and watashi |
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4.2 Shifting perspectivized appearances and presenting multiple selves |
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5. Jibun: the presentation of reflexively projected self |
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5.2 Presenting multiple selves by mixing the zero form, watashi, and jibun |
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5.3 Jibun in conversation and interpersonal effects |
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6. Reflections: identifying divided and embedded selves |
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279 | |
PART V Reflections |
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CHAPTER 13 Linguistic creativity in Japanese discourse and beyond |
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283 | |
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1. Linguistic creativity, expressivity, and identity |
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283 | |
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2. Linguistic creativity and cultural context |
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284 | |
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3. Nihonjinron, criticism, and the practice of Japanese discourse |
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287 | |
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4. Linguistic creativity and linguistic theory |
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289 | |
Appendix: Presentation of data in Japanese orthography |
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293 | |
Notes |
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325 | |
References |
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333 | |
Data references |
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345 | |
Author index |
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349 | |
Subject index |
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353 | |