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E-raamat: Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics

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  • Formaat: 566 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000108934
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Machine Ethics and Robot EthicsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 566 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000108934
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Once the stuff of science fiction, recent progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, and machine learning means that these rapidly advancing technologies are finally coming into widespread use within everyday life. This volume is a collection of scholarly work from leading figures in the development of both robot ethics and machine ethics.

Once the stuff of science fiction, recent progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, and machine learning means that these rapidly advancing technologies are finally coming into widespread use within everyday life. Such rapid development in these areas also brings with it a host of social, political and legal issues, as well as a rise in public concern and academic interest in the ethical challenges these new technologies pose. This volume is a collection of scholarly work from leading figures in the development of both robot ethics and machine ethics; it includes essays of historical significance which have become foundational for research in these two new areas of study, as well as important recent articles. The research articles selected focus on the control and governance of computational systems; the exploration of ethical and moral theories using software and robots as laboratories or simulations; inquiry into the necessary requirements for moral agency and the basis and boundaries of rights; and questions of how best to design systems that are both useful and morally sound. Collectively the articles ask what the practical ethical and legal issues, arising from the development of robots, will be over the next twenty years and how best to address these future considerations.
Acknowledgments ix
Series Preface xiii
Introduction 1(32)
Appendix 1 The Future of Life Institute: Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence: An Open Letter
17(2)
Appendix 2 Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence
19(14)
Part I Laying foundations
1 Clarke, Roger. (1993). "Asimov's laws of robotics: Implications for information technology (1)." IEEE Computer, 26(12), 53-61
33(10)
2 Clarke, Roger. (1994). "Asimov's laws of robotics: Implications for information technology (2)." IEEE Computer, 227(1), 57-66
43(10)
3 Allen, Colin, Gary Varner, & Jason Zinser. (2000). "Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 12, 251-261
53(12)
4 Nissenbaum, Helen. (2001). "How computer systems embody values." Computer, 34(3), 118-119
65(4)
5 Bostrom, Nick. (2003). "The ethical issues of advanced artificial intelligence." Paper presented at the IIAS 2003, Baden Baden, GE. In Smit, S., Wallach, W., and Lasker, L. (eds.) Cognitive, Emotive and Ethical Aspects of Decision Making in Humans and in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 11, IIAS, pp. 12-17
69(10)
Part II Robot ethics
6 Veruggio, Gianmarco, & Fiorella Operto. (2006). "Roboethics: A bottom-up interdisciplinary discourse in the field of applied ethics in robotics." International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 2-8
79(8)
7 Asaro, Peter. (2006). "What should we want from a robot ethic?" International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 10-16
87(8)
8 Sparrow, Robert. (2004). "The Turing triage test." Ethics and Information Technology, 6.4, 203-213
95(12)
9 Turkle, Sherry. (2006). "A nascent robotics culture: New complicities for companionship." American Association for Artificial Intelligence AAAI
107(10)
10 Coeckelbergh, Mark. (2010). "Moral appearances: Emotions, robots, and human morality." Ethics and Information Technology, 12.3, 235-241
117(8)
11 Borenstein, Jason, & Yvette Pearson. (2010). "Robot caregivers: Harbingers of expanded freedom for all?" Ethics and Information Technology, 12.3, 277-288
125(12)
12 Vallor, Shannon. (2011). "Carebots and caregivers: Sustaining the ethical ideal of care in the twenty-first century." Philosophy & Technology, 24.3, 251-268
137(18)
13 Sharkey, Noel, & Amanda Sharkey. (2010). "The crying shame of robot nannies: an ethical appraisal." Interaction Studies, 11.2, 161-190
155(30)
14 van Wynsberghe, Aimee. (2013). "Designing robots for care: Care centered value-sensitive design." Science and Engineering Ethics, 19.2, 407-433
185(28)
15 Sullins, John P. (2012). "Robots, love, and sex: The ethics of building a love machine." Affective Computing, IEEE Transactions, 3.4, 398-409
213(12)
16 Malle, Bertram, & Matthias Scheutz. (2014). "Moral competence in social robots." IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology, Chicago
225(8)
Part III Machine ethics
17 Moor, James H. (2006). "The nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 21.4, 18-21
233(4)
18 Anderson, Michael, & Susan Leigh Anderson. (2007). "Machine ethics: Creating an ethical intelligent agent." AI Magazine, 28.4, 15-26
237(12)
19 Wallach, Wendell, Colin Allen, & Iva Smit. (2008). "Machine morality: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties." AI & Society, 22.4, 565-582
249(18)
20 McDermott, Drew. (2008). "Why ethics is a high hurdle for AI." North American Conference on Computing and Philosophy. Bloomington, Indiana
267(8)
21 Powers, Thomas M. (2006). "Prospects for a Kantian machine." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 21.4, 46-51
275(6)
22 Guarini, Marcello. (2005). "Particularism and generalism: How AI can help us to better understand moral cognition." Machine Ethics: Papers from the 2005 AAAI Fall Symposium
281(10)
23 Bringsjord, Selmer, Konstantine Arkoudas, & Paul Bello. (2006). "Toward a general logicist methodology for engineering ethically correct robots." IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), 38-44
291(8)
24 Wallach, Wendell, Colin Allen, & Stan Franklin. (2011). "Consciousness and ethics: Artificially conscious moral agents." International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 3.01, 177-192
299(18)
Part IV Moral agents and agency
25 Floridi, Luciano, & Jeff W. Sanders. (2004). "On the morality of artificial agents." Minds and Machines, 14.3, 349-379
317(32)
26 Johnson, Deborah G., & Keith W. Miller. (2008). "Un-making artificial moral agents." Ethics and Information Technology, 10.2-3, 123-133
349(12)
27 Suchman, Lucy. (2007). "Agencies in technology design: Feminist reconfigurations." In Hackett, Edward J., Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, & Judy Wajcman (eds.) The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, third edition, excerpt from pp. 139-163
361(16)
28 Marino, Dante, & Guglielmo Tamburrini. (2006). "Learning robots and human responsibility." International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 46-51
377(6)
29 Torrance, Steve. (2014). "Artificial consciousness and artificial ethics: Between realism and social relationism." Philosophy & Technology, 27.1, 9-29
383(22)
30 Murphy, Robin R., & David D. Woods. (2009). "Beyond Asimov: The three laws of responsible robotics." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 24.4, 14-20
405(10)
Part V Law and policy
31 Solum, Lawrence. (1992). "Legal personhood for artificial intelligences." North Carolina Law Review, 70, 1231-1287
415(58)
32 Nagenborg, Michael, et al. (2008). "Ethical regulations on robotics in Europe." Ai & Society, 22.3, 349-366
473(18)
33 Calo, M. Ryan. (2010). "Robots and privacy." Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics, 187-204
491(16)
34 Lin, Patrick. "The robot car of tomorrow may just be programmed to hit you." Wired Magazine, May 6, 2014
507(4)
35 Gunkel, David J. (2014). "A vindication of the rights of machines." Philosophy & Technology, 27, 113-132
511(20)
Index 531
Wendell Wallach is a lecturer and consultant at Yale Universitys Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, USA. Peter Asaro is Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Programs in the School of Media Studies at the New School for Public Engagement, USA.
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