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E-raamat: Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems: Digital Forensics Field Guides

(Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Stroz Friedberg, LLC), (Eoghan Casey, cmdLabs, Baltimore, MD, USA), (Special Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation assigned to Cyber Crime Squad, Los Angeles, CA, USA)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Syngress Media,U.S.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781597494731
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Syngress Media,U.S.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781597494731
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Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems is a hand-held companion for computer forensic investigators, incident responders and malware analysts that distill the formalized methods introduced in the authors previous work, Malware Forensics, and presents the new forensic concepts of digital impression and trace evidence, along with advanced profiling techniques based in malware taxonomy and phylogeny.Presented in succinct outline format with cross-references to supplemental components and appendices, this tactical and practical resource is designed to provide the digital investigator clear and concise guidance in an easily accessible format while responding to an incident or conducting analysis in a lab.Presents tools and on-the-job tasks in an easy-to-use hand-held guideDiscusses how to collect and examine volatile data from Windows systemsProvides specific techniques for profiling suspect filesAddresses the legal concerns often encountered on-siteIncludes templates and quick references for use in the fieldDedicated Web site (www.malwarefieldguide.com) keeps readers up-to-date with the latest tools and resources Dissecting the dark side of the Internet with its infectious worms, botnets, rootkits, and Trojan horse programs (known as malware) is a treaterous condition for any forensic investigator or analyst. Written by information security experts with real-world investigative experience, Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems is a tool with checklists for specific tasks, case studies of difficult situations, and expert analyst tips.*A condensed hand-held guide complete with on-the-job tasks and checklists *Specific for Windows-based systems, the largest running OS in the world *Authors are world-renowned leaders in investigating and analyzing malicious code

Arvustused

"For anyone working in this field, this is an invaluable book that deserves a permanent place in your toolkit. For those entering into this line of work, its worth reading so that you know what youre in for." --Network Security, December 2013

Muu info

Written by information security experts with real-world investigative experience, Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems is a "tool" with checklists for specific tasks, case studies of difficult situations, and expert analyst tips
Acknowledgments xv
About the Authors xvii
About the Technical Editor xxi
Introduction xxiii
1 Malware Incident Response
Introduction
2(2)
Local versus Remote Collection
3(1)
Volatile Data Collection Methodology
4(14)
Preservation of Volatile Data
4(1)
Physical Memory Acquisition on a Live Windows System
5(1)
Acquiring Physical Memory Locally
6(1)
GUI-based Memory Dumping Tools
7(1)
Remote Physical Memory Acquisition
8(3)
Collecting Subject System Details
11(2)
Identifying Users Logged into the System
13(5)
Collecting Process Information
18(4)
Process Name and Process Identification
18(1)
Process to Executable Program Mapping: Full System Path to Executable File
19(1)
Process to User Mapping
20(1)
Child Processes
20(1)
Dependencies Loaded by Running Processes
21(1)
Correlate Open Ports with Running Processes and Programs
22(6)
Identifying Services and Drivers
23(1)
Examining Running Services
24(1)
Examining Installed Drivers
24(1)
Determining Open Files
25(1)
Identifying Files Opened Locally
25(1)
Identifying Files Opened Remotely
25(1)
Collecting Command History
26(1)
Identifying Shares
26(1)
Determining Scheduled Tasks
27(1)
Collecting Clipboard Contents
27(1)
Non-Volatile Data Collection from a Live Windows System
28(14)
Forensic Duplication of Storage Media on a Live Windows System
29(1)
Forensic Preservation of Select Data on a Live Windows System
29(1)
Assess Security Configuration
30(1)
Assess Trusted Host Relationships
30(1)
Inspect Prefetch Files
31(1)
Inspect Auto-starting Locations
31(1)
Collect Event Logs
32(1)
Logon and Logoff Events
33(1)
Review User Account and Group Policy Information
33(1)
Examine the File System
33(1)
Dumping and Parsing Registry Contents
34(1)
Remote Registry Analysis
35(2)
Examine Web Browsing Activities
37(1)
Examine Cookie Files
38(1)
Inspect Protected Storage
38(1)
Malware Artifact Discovery and Extraction from a Live Windows System
39(1)
Extracting Suspicious Files
39(2)
Extracting Suspicious Files with F-Response
41(1)
Conclusions
42(1)
Pitfalls to Avoid
43(19)
Incident Response Tool Suites
62(6)
Remote Collection Tools
68(3)
Volatile Data Collection and Analysis Tools
71(1)
Physical Memory Acquisition
71(4)
Collecting Subject System Details
75(1)
Identifying Users Logged into the System
75(1)
Network Connections and Activity
76(3)
Process Analysis
79(1)
Handles
80(1)
Loaded DLLs
80(1)
Correlate Open Ports with Running Processes and Programs
81(1)
Command-line Arguments
81(1)
Services
81(1)
Drivers
82(1)
Opened Files
82(1)
Determining Scheduled Tasks
83(1)
Clipboard Contents
83(1)
Non-Volatile Data Collection and Analysis Tools
84(1)
System Security Configuration
84(1)
Prefetch File Analysis
84(1)
Auto-Start Locations
85(1)
Event Logs
85(1)
Group Policies
86(1)
File System: Hidden Files and Alternate Data Streams
86(2)
Dumping and Parsing Registry Contents
88(1)
Web History
88(1)
Malware Extraction
89(2)
Selected Readings
91(1)
Books
91(1)
Papers
91(1)
Jurisprudence/RFCs/Technical Specifications
91(2)
2 Memory Forensics
Introduction
93(1)
Investigative Considerations
94(1)
Memory Forensics Overview
94(4)
Old School Memory Analysis
96(2)
How Windows Memory Forensic Tools Work
98(1)
Windows Memory Forensic Tools
98(20)
Processes and Threads
99(7)
Modules and Libraries
106(3)
Open Files and Sockets
109(3)
Various Data Structures
112(6)
Dumping Windows Process Memory
118(3)
Recovering Executable Files
118(1)
Recovering Process Memory
119(1)
Extracting Process Memory on Live Systems
120(1)
Dissecting Windows Process Memory
121(5)
Conclusions
126(1)
Pitfalls to Avoid
127(1)
Memory Forensics: Field Notes
128(26)
Selected Readings
154(1)
Books
154(1)
Papers
154(1)
Jurisprudence/RFCs/Technical Specifications
154(1)
3 Post-Mortem Forensics
Introduction
155(1)
Windows Forensic Analysis Overview
156(3)
Malware Discovery and Extraction from Windows Systems
159(10)
Search for Known Malware
159(2)
Survey Installed Programs
161(2)
Examine Prefetch Files
163(1)
Inspect Executables
164(1)
Inspect Services, Drivers, Auto-starting Locations, and Scheduled Jobs
165(1)
Examine Logs
166(2)
Review User Accounts and Logon Activities
168(1)
Examine Windows File System
169(1)
Examine Windows Registry
170(2)
Restore Points
171(1)
Keyword Searching
172(1)
Forensic Reconstruction of Compromised Windows Systems
173(1)
Advanced Malware Discovery and Extraction from a Windows System
174(1)
Conclusions
175(1)
Pitfalls to Avoid
176(1)
Windows System Examination: Field Notes
177(8)
Mounting Forensic Duplicates
185(2)
Forensic Examination of Window Systems
187(3)
Timeline Generation
190(2)
Forensic Examination of Common Sources of Information on Windows Systems
192(10)
Selected Readings
202(2)
Books
202(1)
Papers
202(2)
4 Legal Considerations
Framing The Issues
204(1)
General Considerations
204(1)
The Legal Landscape
204(1)
Sources of Investigative Authority
205(5)
Jurisdictional Authority
205(3)
Private Authority
208(1)
Statutory/Public Authority
209(1)
Statutory Limits on Authority
210(8)
Stored Data
210(1)
Real-time Data
211(2)
Protected Data
213(5)
Tools for Acquiring Data
218(4)
Business Use
219(1)
Investigative Use
219(1)
Dual Use
220(2)
Acquiring Data across Borders
222(4)
Workplace Data in Private or Civil Inquiries
222(2)
Workplace Data in Government or Criminal Inquiries
224(2)
Involving Law Enforcement
226(3)
Victim Reluctance
226(1)
Victim Misperception
227(1)
The Law Enforcement Perspective
227(1)
Walking the Line
228(1)
Improving Chances for Admissibility
229(2)
Documentation
229(1)
Preservation
229(1)
Chain of Custody
230(1)
State Private Investigator and Breach Notification Statutes
231(2)
International Resources
233(1)
Cross-Border Investigations
233(1)
The Federal Rules: Evidence for Digital Investigators
234(3)
Relevance
234(1)
Authentication
234(1)
Best Evidence
234(1)
Expert Testimony
235(1)
Limitations on Waiver of the Attorney-Client Privilege
235(2)
5 File Identification and Profiling
Introduction
237(1)
Overview of the File Profiling Process
238(7)
Profiling a Suspicious File
240(3)
Command-Line Interface MD5 Tools
243(1)
GUI MD5 Tools
243(2)
File Similarity Indexing
245(1)
File Visualization
246(21)
File Signature Identification and Classification
247(1)
File Types
247(1)
File Signature Identification and Classification Tools
248(3)
Anti-virus Signatures
251(1)
Web-based Malware Scanning Services
252(3)
Embedded Artifact Extraction: Strings, Symbolic Information, and File Metadata
255(1)
Strings
255(4)
Inspecting File Dependencies: Dynamic or Static Linking
259(2)
Symbolic and Debug Information
261(1)
Embedded File Metadata
261(6)
File Obfuscation: Packing and Encryption Identification
267(14)
Packers
267(2)
Cryptors
269(3)
Binders, Joiners, and Wrappers
272(1)
Embedded Artifact Extraction Revisited
272(1)
Windows Portable Executable File Format
272(9)
Profiling Suspect Document Files
281(30)
Profiling Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) Files
282(1)
PDF File Format
282(3)
PDF Profiling Process: CLI Tools
285(7)
PDF Profiling Process: GUI Tools
292(3)
Profiling Microsoft (MS) Office Files
295(1)
Microsoft Office Documents: Word, PowerPoint, Excel
295(1)
MS Office Documents: File Format
295(3)
MS Office Documents: Vulnerabilities and Exploits
298(1)
MS Office Document Profiling Process
298(3)
Deeper Profiling with OfficeMalScanner
301(7)
Profiling Microsoft Compiled HTML Help Files (CHM)
308(1)
CHM Profiling Process
308(3)
Conclusion
311(2)
Pitfalls to Avoid
313(4)
Selected Readings
317(1)
Papers
317(1)
Online Resources
317(1)
Technical Specifications
318(45)
6 Analysis of a Malware Specimen
Introduction
363(1)
Goals
364(1)
Guidelines for Examining a Malicious File Specimen
365(1)
Establishing the Environment Baseline
365(4)
System "Snapshots"
366(1)
Host Integrity Monitors
366(1)
Installation Monitors
367(2)
Pre-Execution Preparation: System and Network Monitoring
369(11)
Passive System and Network Monitoring
370(1)
Active System and Network Monitoring
371(9)
Execution Artifact Capture: Digital Impression and Trace Evidence
380(5)
Impression Evidence
380(1)
Trace Evidence
380(1)
Digital Impression Evidence
380(1)
Digital Trace Evidence
381(4)
Executing the Malicious Code Specimen
385(1)
Execution Trajectory Analysis: Observing Network, Process, Api, File System, and Registry Activity
386(11)
Network Activity: Network Trajectory, Impression, and Trace Evidence
386(2)
Environment Emulation and Adjustment: Network Trajectory Reconstruction
388(1)
Network Trajectory Reconstruction: Chaining
389(1)
Network Impression and Trace Evidence
390(1)
Using a Netcat Listener
391(2)
Examining Process Activity
393(1)
Process Spying: Monitoring API Calls
394(1)
"Peeping Tom": Window Spying
395(1)
Examining File System Activity
396(1)
Examining Registry Activity
397(1)
Automated Malware Analysis Frameworks
397(3)
Online Malware Analysis Sandboxes
400(2)
Defeating Obfuscation
402(10)
Custom Unpacking Tools
403(1)
Dumping a Suspect Process from Memory
404(2)
Locating the OEP and Extracting with OllyDump
406(5)
Reconstructing the Imports
411(1)
Embedded Artifact Extraction Revisited
412(10)
Examining the Suspect Program in a Disassembler
413(3)
Advanced PE Analysis: Examining PE Resources and Dependencies
416(6)
Interacting with and Manipulating the Malware Specimen: Exploring and Verifying Functionality and Purpose
422(4)
API Hooking
422(2)
Prompting Trigger Events
424(1)
Client Applications
425(1)
Event Reconstruction and Artifact Review: Post-Run Data Analysis
426(6)
Passive Monitoring Artifacts
427(2)
Active Monitoring Artifacts
429(1)
Analyzing Captured Network Traffic
430(1)
Analyzing API Calls
431(1)
Physical Memory Artifacts
432(1)
Digital Virology: Advanced Profiling Through Malware Taxonomy and Phylogeny
432(17)
Context Triggered Piecewise Hashing
435(1)
Textual and Binary Indicators of Likeness
435(4)
Function Flowgraphs
439(3)
Process Memory Trajectory Analysis
442(2)
Visualization
444(2)
Behavioral Profiling and Classification
446(3)
Conclusion
449(1)
Pitfalls to Avoid
450(4)
Selected Readings
454(51)
Books
454(1)
Papers
454(51)
Index 505
Cameron H. Malin is a Behavioral Profiler with over 20 years of experience investigating, analyzing and profiling cyber adversaries across the spectrum of criminal to national security. He is the founder of the FBI Behavioral Analysis Units (BAU) Cyber Behavioral Analysis Center (CBAC) and the longest serving FBI Cyber Profiler. He is a co-author of the authoritative cyber deception book, Deception in the Digital Age: Exploiting and Defending Human Targets Through Computer-Mediated Communications (published by Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.) and co-author of the Malware Forensics book series: Malware Forensics: Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code, Malware Forensics Field Guide for Windows Systems, and Malware Forensics Field Guide for Linux Systems (all published by Syngress, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.). Cameron is the creator of Digital Behavioral Criminalistics a combined application of numerous forensic disciplinesdigital forensics, criminalistics, and behavioral sciencesto meaningfully uncovering offender thoughts and actions in digital artifactsas well as the Cyber Pathway to Intended Violence (CPIV)a model for assessing violent offenders who have engaged computer systems, devices, and/or online resources before, during, and/or after a premeditated, violent act. These important emerging topics were published in his book chapter Digital Behavioral Criminalistics to Elucidate the Cyber Pathway to Intended Violence in the International Handbook of Threat Assessment, 2nd Edition (Oxford University Press, 2021). Prior to working for the FBI, Cameron was an Assistant State Attorney (ASA) and Special Assistant United States Attorney in Miami, Florida, where he specialized in computer crime prosecutions. During his tenure as an ASA, he was also an Assistant Professorial Lecturer in the Computer Fraud Investigations Masters Program at George Washington University. Eoghan Casey is an internationally recognized expert in data breach investigations and information security forensics. He is founding partner of CASEITE.com, and co-manages the Risk Prevention and Response business unit at DFLabs. Over the past decade, he has consulted with many attorneys, agencies, and police departments in the United States, South America, and Europe on a wide range of digital investigations, including fraud, violent crimes, identity theft, and on-line criminal activity. Eoghan has helped organizations investigate and manage security breaches, including network intrusions with international scope. He has delivered expert testimony in civil and criminal cases, and has submitted expert reports and prepared trial exhibits for computer forensic and cyber-crime cases.

In addition to his casework and writing the foundational book Digital Evidence and Computer Crime, Eoghan has worked as R&D Team Lead in the Defense Cyber Crime Institute (DCCI) at the Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3) helping enhance their operational capabilities and develop new techniques and tools. He also teaches graduate students at Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute and created the Mobile Device Forensics course taught worldwide through the SANS Institute. He has delivered keynotes and taught workshops around the globe on various topics related to data breach investigation, digital forensics and cyber security.

Eoghan has performed thousands of forensic acquisitions and examinations, including Windows and UNIX systems, Enterprise servers, smart phones, cell phones, network logs, backup tapes, and database systems. He also has information security experience, as an Information Security Officer at Yale University and in subsequent consulting work. He has performed vulnerability assessments, deployed and maintained intrusion detection systems, firewalls and public key infrastructures, and developed policies, procedures, and educational programs for a variety of organizations. Eoghan has authored advanced technical books in his areas of expertise that are used by practitioners and universities around the world, and he is Editor-in-Chief of Elsevier's International Journal of Digital Investigation.

James M. Aquilina, Esq. is the Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Stroz Friedberg, LLC, a consulting and technical services firm specializing in computer forensics; cyber-crime response; private investigations; and the preservation, analysis and production of electronic data from single hard drives to complex corporate networks. As the head of the Los Angeles Office, Mr. Aquilina supervises and conducts digital forensics and cyber-crime investigations and oversees large digital evidence projects. Mr. Aquilina also consults on the technical and strategic aspects of anti-piracy, antispyware, and digital rights management (DRM) initiatives for the media and entertainment industries, providing strategic thinking, software assurance, testing of beta products, investigative assistance, and advice on whether the technical components of the initiatives implicate the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and anti-spyware and consumer fraud legislation. His deep knowledge of botnets, distributed denial of service attacks, and other automated cyber-intrusions enables him to provide companies with advice to bolster their infrastructure protection.