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E-raamat: Management of Marine Plastic Debris

(European Patent Office, Rijswijk, The Netherlands)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Plastics Design Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: William Andrew Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323443999
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
  • Hind: 273,00 €*
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  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Plastics Design Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: William Andrew Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323443999

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Management of Marine Plastic Debris gives a thorough and detailed presentation of the global problem of marine plastics debris, covering every aspect of its management from tracking, collecting, treating and commercial exploitation for handing this anthropogenic waste. The book is a unique, essential source of information on current and future technologies aimed at reducing the impact of plastics waste in the oceans. This is a practical book designed to enable engineers to tackle this problem—both in stopping plastics from getting into the ocean in the first place, as well as providing viable options for the reuse and recycling of plastics debris once it has been recovered.

The book is essential reading not only for materials scientists and engineers, but also other scientists involved in this area seeking to know more about the impact of marine plastics debris on the environment, the mechanisms by which plastics degrade in water and potential solutions. While much research has been undertaken into the different approaches to the increasing problem of plastics marine debris, this is the first book to present, evaluate and compare all of the available techniques and practices, and then make suggestions for future developments. The book also includes a detailed discussion of the regulatory environment, including international conventions and standards and national policies.

  • Reviews all available processes and techniques for recovering, cleaning and recycling marine plastic debris
  • Presents and evaluates viable options for engineers to tackle this growing problem, including the use of alternative polymers
  • Investigates a wide range of possible applications of marine plastics debris and opportunities for businesses to make a positive environmental impact
  • Includes a detailed discussion of the regulatory environment, including international conventions and standards and national policies

Muu info

Practical engineering solutions for the increasing problem of plastics waste in marine environments, covering prevention, recovery, cleaning and recycling
Foreword xi
1 The Problem of Marine Plastic Debris
1(56)
1.1 Definitions
1(1)
1.2 Global Distribution
2(7)
1.2.1 Pacific Ocean
3(1)
1.2.2 Atlantic Ocean
4(1)
1.2.3 Indian Ocean
4(1)
1.2.4 Arctic Ocean
5(1)
1.2.5 Southern Ocean
5(1)
1.2.6 Mediterranean Sea
6(1)
1.2.7 Coastal Areas and Harbors
7(1)
1.2.8 Lakes, Rivers, Waterways
8(1)
1.3 Origin of Marine Plastic Debris
9(5)
1.3.1 Land-Based Sources
10(1)
1.3.2 Sea-Based Sources
11(3)
1.4 Types of Plastic Debris
14(9)
1.4.1 Macroplastic Debris
14(6)
1.4.2 Microplastics
20(2)
1.4.3 Nanoplastics
22(1)
1.5 Condition of Plastic Debris
23(7)
1.5.1 Floating Plastic Debris
23(2)
1.5.2 Submerged Plastic Debris
25(1)
1.5.3 Beach Plastic Debris
26(4)
1.6 Identity of Plastic Debris
30(27)
1.6.1 Polyolefins
30(6)
1.6.2 Polystyrene
36(1)
1.6.3 Acrylic Fibers
36(1)
1.6.4 Acrylonitrile--Butadiene--Styrene
37(1)
1.6.5 Styrene--Acrylonitrile
37(1)
1.6.6 Poly(vinyl chloride)
37(1)
1.6.7 Polyamides
37(1)
1.6.8 Aromatic Polyesters
38(1)
1.6.9 Polycarbonate
39(1)
1.6.10 Polyurethane
39(1)
1.6.11 Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
39(1)
References
40(12)
Patents
52(5)
2 Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts
57(70)
2.1 Environmental Impacts
57(18)
2.1.1 Entanglement
58(2)
2.1.2 Ingestion
60(5)
2.1.3 Rafting
65(1)
2.1.4 Loss of Biodiversity and Habitat
65(2)
2.1.5 Coral Reefs
67(1)
2.1.6 Toxicity
67(8)
2.2 Social--Economic Impacts
75(52)
2.2.1 Economic Impacts
75(2)
2.2.2 Human Health
77(1)
References
77(17)
Appendix
94(1)
Appendix 1 Entanglements
94(16)
Appendix 2 Ingestion
110(17)
3 Degradation of Plastics in the Marine Environment
127(16)
3.1 Environmental Degradation Modes
127(2)
3.2 Hydrolytic Degradation
129(1)
3.3 Thermooxidative Degradation
130(1)
3.4 Photodegradation
130(1)
3.5 Biodegradation
131(4)
3.5.1 Biofouling
134(1)
3.6 Mechanical Degradation
135(1)
3.7 Combined Degradation Processes
136(7)
References
138(5)
4 Assessment
143(72)
4.1 Tracking and Monitoring
143(13)
4.1.1 Floating Plastic Debris
144(4)
4.1.2 Submerged Plastic Debris
148(2)
4.1.3 Beach Plastic Debris
150(5)
4.1.4 Marine Biota
155(1)
4.2 Identification
156(5)
4.2.1 Marking
156(1)
4.2.2 Shape/Form
157(1)
4.2.3 Density
158(1)
4.2.4 Color
158(1)
4.2.5 Burn Test
158(1)
4.2.6 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
159(1)
4.2.7 Infrared Spectroscopy
159(1)
4.2.8 Raman Spectroscopy
160(1)
4.2.9 Mass Spectroscopy
161(1)
4.2.10 Solid Phase Microextraction
161(1)
4.3 Collection and Removal
161(54)
4.3.1 Cleaning Shorelines and Beaches
161(8)
4.3.2 Removal of Floating Plastic Debris
169(21)
4.3.3 Removal of Submerged Plastic Debris
190(7)
References
197(10)
Patents
207(8)
5 Treatments and Uses
215(102)
5.1 Treatment Techniques
215(1)
5.2 Disposal
216(1)
5.2.1 Enzymatic Decomposition
216(1)
5.3 Reuse
217(6)
5.3.1 Modified Plastics
217(1)
5.3.2 Constructions
218(5)
5.4 Mechanical and/or Physical Treatments
223(26)
5.4.1 Cleaning
224(8)
5.4.2 Volume Reduction
232(16)
5.4.3 Separation
248(1)
5.5 Chemical Treatment
249(19)
5.5.1 Monomerization and/or Oligomerization
250(1)
5.5.2 Thermal Decomposition
251(17)
5.6 Treatment of Marine Waste on Board of a Ship
268(22)
5.6.1 Treatment of Recovered Marine Plastic Waste on Board of a Ship
268(6)
5.6.2 Treatment of Plastic Waste Generated on Board of a Ship
274(12)
5.6.3 Treatment of Plastic-Containing Waste Generated in Land on Board of a Ship
286(4)
5.7 Business Opportunities
290(27)
References
292(4)
Patents
296(21)
6 Prevention and Mitigation
317(44)
6.1 Strategies
317(1)
6.2 Debris Capture Technologies
318(1)
6.2.1 Storm Drain Inlets
318(1)
6.2.2 In-Line and End-of-Pipe Debris Capture Systems
318(1)
6.2.3 Open-Water Debris-Capture Systems
319(1)
6.3 Debris Reduction Technologies
319(3)
6.3.1 Derelict Fishing Gear
319(3)
6.4 Use of Alternative Materials
322(16)
6.4.1 Water-Soluble Polymers
322(1)
6.4.2 Oxodegradable Polymers
322(1)
6.4.3 Biodegradable Polymers
323(1)
6.4.4 Biodegradable Fishing Gear/Tackle
324(10)
6.4.5 Modification of Nets
334(2)
6.4.6 Cellulose Acetate
336(2)
6.5 Awareness-Raising
338(6)
6.5.1 Training/Education
339(1)
6.5.2 Campaigns
339(2)
6.5.3 Art
341(2)
6.5.4 Promotion Missions
343(1)
6.6 Economic Incentives and Disincentives
344(17)
References
345(5)
Patents
350(11)
7 Regulatory Framework
361(54)
7.1 "Hard Law" Agreements
361(4)
7.2 "Soft Law" Agreements
365(1)
7.3 European Union's Legislation and Policies
366(3)
7.4 National Policies
369(10)
7.4.1 Australia
369(1)
7.4.2 Japan
369(4)
7.4.3 People's Republic of China
373(2)
7.4.4 Republic of Korea
375(1)
7.4.5 Russian Federation
376(2)
7.4.6 Taiwan
378(1)
7.4.7 United Kingdom
378(1)
7.4.8 United States of America
378(1)
7.5 Specific Marine Plastic Debris
379(19)
7.5.1 Fishing Gear
379(3)
7.5.2 Buoys
382(1)
7.5.3 Microplastics
383(1)
7.5.4 Plastic Bags
384(11)
7.5.5 Food Plastic Packaging and Tableware
395(2)
7.5.6 Cigarettes
397(1)
7.5.7 Boats of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites
398(1)
7.6 Recommendations
398(17)
References
399(16)
Index 415
European Patent Office, Rijswijk, Netherlands