Videos |
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ix | |
Foreword |
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x | |
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Foreword |
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xi | |
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Preface |
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xii | |
About the Book |
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xiv | |
Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy |
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xvi | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (10) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Different Types of Trigger Points |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (4) |
2 Myofascial Trigger Points |
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11 | (81) |
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2.1 Clinical Aspects of Myofascial Trigger Points |
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11 | (10) |
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2.1.1 Characteristics of Myofascial Trigger Points |
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11 | (5) |
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2.1.2 Diagnosis of Myofascial Trigger Points |
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16 | (5) |
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21 | (62) |
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2.2.1 Medical Examination Methods |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Histological Examination |
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22 | (39) |
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2.2.3 Analysis of the Biochemical Environment |
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61 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Exploration of Local Perfusion |
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64 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Chronic Muscle Pain - Changes in Nociception |
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64 | (7) |
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71 | (2) |
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2.2.7 Energy Crisis Model |
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73 | (5) |
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2.2.8 Connective Tissue Changes |
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78 | (1) |
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2.2.9 Central Influences/Processes |
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79 | (2) |
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2.2.10 Integrative Hypothesis |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (9) |
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2.3.1 Causes for the Development of Myofascial Trigger Points |
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84 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Activating Mechanisms - Deactivating Mechanisms |
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89 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Predisposing and Perpetuating Factors |
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90 | (2) |
3 Trigger Point-Induced Disturbances |
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92 | (4) |
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3.1 Disturbances Induced Directly by Trigger Points |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Autonomic Disturbances |
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92 | (1) |
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3.2 Disturbances Induced Indirectly by Trigger Points |
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93 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Disturbances Resulting from Taut Bands |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Disturbances Resulting from Connective Tissue Changes |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
4 Diagnosis of Myofascial Pain |
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96 | (20) |
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96 | (4) |
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4.1.1 Pain in the Neuromusculoskeletal System |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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4.2 Principles of Examination |
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100 | (9) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (5) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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4.3 Differential Diagnosis |
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109 | (7) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Irritation of Neural Structures |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Fibromyalgia Syndrome |
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110 | (6) |
5 Treatment of Myofascial Pain |
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116 | (79) |
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5.1 Treatment of Myofascial Trigger Points |
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116 | (36) |
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116 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Myofascial Trigger Points: Treatment Possibilities |
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117 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Manual Trigger Point Therapy |
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119 | (29) |
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148 | (4) |
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5.2 Effects of Manual Trigger Point Therapy |
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152 | (12) |
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152 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Biochemical Aspects |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Cognitive-Behavioral Aspects |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Holodynamic Aspects |
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163 | (1) |
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5.3 Management of Myofascial Pain |
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164 | (31) |
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5.3.1 Composing a Treatment Plan |
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165 | (7) |
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5.3.2 Combining Manual Trigger Point Therapy with other Treatment Methods |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (9) |
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5.3.4 Resistance to Treatment |
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183 | (12) |
6 Indications - Contraindications |
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195 | (19) |
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195 | (17) |
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6.1.1 Myofascial Syndrome |
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195 | (3) |
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6.1.2 Stimulus Summation Problems |
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198 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Entrapment Neuropathy |
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199 | (13) |
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6.1.4 Scars and Other Changes in the Connective Tissue |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Absolute Contraindications |
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212 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Relative Contraindications |
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213 | (1) |
7 Manual Therapy of the Muscles |
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214 | (280) |
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215 | (43) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (4) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (4) |
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7.1.12 Rhomboid Minor and Major Muscles |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (2) |
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7.1.16 Scapulothoracic Gliding Space |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (36) |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (4) |
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7.2.3 Sternocleidomastoid |
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270 | (4) |
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274 | (4) |
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7.2.5 Deep Prevertebral Muscles: Longus Colli, Longus Capitis, Rectus Capitis Anterior, Rectus Capitis Lateralis |
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278 | (4) |
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7.2.6 Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis |
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282 | (2) |
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7.2.7 Cervical Erector Spinae Muscles: Semispinalis Capitis and Cervicis, Longissimus Capitis and Cervices, Multifidi, and Rotatores Muscles |
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284 | (4) |
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7.2.8 Suboccipital Muscles: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor; Obliquus Capitis Inferior and Superior |
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288 | (6) |
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294 | (28) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (4) |
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7.3.5 Suprahyoid Muscles: Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid |
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310 | (4) |
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7.3.6 Infrahyoid Muscles: Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid |
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314 | (4) |
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7.3.7 Facial (Mimic) Muscles: Orbicularis Oculi, Zygomaticus, Platysma |
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318 | (2) |
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7.3.8 Occipitofrontalis (of the Epicranius) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (40) |
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328 | (6) |
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334 | (6) |
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7.4.3 Abdominal Muscles: External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis; Rectus Abdominis, Pyramidalis |
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340 | (6) |
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346 | (4) |
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7.4.5 Serratus Posterior Superior |
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350 | (2) |
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7.4.6 Serratus Posterior Inferior |
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352 | (2) |
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7.4.7 Intercostal Muscles |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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7.4.9 Thoracolumbar Fascia |
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358 | (4) |
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362 | (18) |
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366 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (2) |
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7.5.4 Obturator Internus and Gemelli Muscles |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (2) |
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7.5.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (28) |
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7.6.1 Tensor Fasciae Latae |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (2) |
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7.6.4 Adductor Longus and Brevis |
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390 | (2) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (6) |
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7.6.8 Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus, Biceps Femoris |
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402 | (4) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (36) |
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7.7.1 Gastrocnemius and Plantaris |
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414 | (4) |
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418 | (4) |
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7.7.3 Flexor Digitorum Longus and Hallucis Longus |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (2) |
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7.7.6 Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus |
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428 | (2) |
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7.7.7 Peroneus Longus, Brevis, and Tertius |
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430 | (2) |
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7.7.8 Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis |
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432 | (2) |
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7.7.9 Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (Superficial Layer): Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Abductor Hallucis, Abductor Digiti Minimi |
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434 | (4) |
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7.7.10 Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (Deep Layer): Quadratus Plantae, Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Adductor Hallucis, Lumbricals, Interossei |
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438 | (6) |
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444 | (10) |
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7.8.1 Triceps Brachii, Anconeus |
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446 | (4) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (40) |
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460 | (2) |
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7.9.2 Extensors of the Hand: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
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462 | (4) |
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7.9.3 Finger Extensors: Extensor Digitorum Communis, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Indicis |
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466 | (4) |
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7.9.4 Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (2) |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (2) |
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7.9.8 Flexors of the Hand: Flexor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris |
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478 | (2) |
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7.9.9 Flexors of the Fingers: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus |
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480 | (2) |
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7.9.10 Flexor Pollicis Longus |
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482 | (2) |
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7.9.11 Pronator Quadratus |
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484 | (2) |
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7.9.12 Thenar Muscles: Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Adductor Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis |
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486 | (4) |
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7.9.13 Hypothenar Muscles: Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi, Palmaris Brevis |
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490 | (2) |
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7.9.14 Interdigital Muscles: Lumbricals and Interossei |
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492 | (2) |
8 Neuromuscular Entrapments |
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494 | (52) |
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8.1 Nerve Root Compression |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (23) |
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496 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Musculocutaneous Nerve |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (3) |
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501 | (7) |
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508 | (6) |
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514 | (5) |
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519 | (21) |
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8.3.1 Lumbar and Lumbosacral Plexus |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (3) |
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8.3.3 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve |
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524 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Iliohypogastric Nerve, Ilioinguinal Nerve, Genitofemoral Nerve |
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525 | (2) |
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527 | (2) |
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529 | (6) |
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8.3.7 Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve |
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535 | (3) |
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538 | (2) |
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540 | (6) |
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8.4.1 Greater Occipital Nerve/Posterior Ramus of the 2nd Cervical Nerve |
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540 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Posterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves |
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542 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Entrapments in the Terminal Nerve Segment (Distal Mini-Entrapments) |
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544 | (2) |
9 Clinical Aspects |
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546 | (106) |
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546 | (44) |
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549 | (5) |
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554 | (2) |
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556 | (11) |
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567 | (6) |
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573 | (1) |
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9.1.6 Lumbar, Pelvis, and Hip Region |
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574 | (10) |
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584 | (2) |
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586 | (2) |
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588 | (2) |
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590 | (1) |
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9.3 Clinical Presentations |
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590 | (62) |
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9.3.1 Posterior and Anterior Neck Pain and Headaches |
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591 | (5) |
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9.3.2 Craniomandibular Dysfunction (CMD) |
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596 | (8) |
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604 | (7) |
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9.3.4 Interscapular and Subscapular Pain |
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611 | (3) |
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614 | (8) |
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622 | (4) |
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9.3.7 Forearm and Hand Pain |
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626 | (5) |
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9.3.8 Low Back Pain (Nonspecific Lower Back Pain) |
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631 | (7) |
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638 | (4) |
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642 | (3) |
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645 | (2) |
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9.3.12 Lower Leg and Foot Pain |
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647 | |
Appendix |
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652 | (18) |
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670 | (4) |
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674 | (4) |
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678 | (3) |
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14 Index of Clinical Tips |
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681 | (1) |
Index |
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682 | (6) |
Videos |
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688 | |