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E-raamat: Maritime Cargo Operations

(RINA Consulting Defence, UK)
  • Formaat: 314 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2023
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000831375
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Maritime Cargo OperationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 314 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2023
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000831375
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Maritime Cargo Operations presents the core concepts of cargo work for marine engineering students and cadets. It is built around the essential principles of the maritime profession and is a valuable guide to a broad range of key subject areas in the safe carriage, handling, stowage and securing of cargo, and cargo watches in port. It contributes to a sound understanding of cargo operations for a future career in the profession, as well as offering a general overview for deck officers.











Gives an overview of the key areas in cargo operations work.





Includes structured Learning Outcomes and self-test questions for each subject area to assist readers in evaluating their understanding.

The book suits merchant navy cadets at Higher National Certificate (HNC), and Higher National Diploma (HND), and foundation degree level in both the deck and engineering branches, and also serves as a general reference for maritime professionals.
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Figures
xix
List of Tables
xxiii
Key Terms xxv
PART 1 Safe Carriage of Cargo: Principles and Practice
1(180)
1 Key Concepts of Cargo Work
3(18)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Key Concepts of Cargo Work
3(18)
1.2.1 Fruit Carriers
11(1)
1.2.2 Gas Carriers
11(2)
1.2.3 LASH Vessels
13(1)
1.2.4 Multipurpose General Cargo Ships
13(1)
1.2.5 Refrigerated Vessels
14(1)
1.2.6 Roll-on Roll-off Vessels
15(1)
1.2.7 Tankers
15(1)
1.2.8 Timber Carriers
16(1)
1.2.9 Vehicle Carriers
16(3)
1.2.10 Others
19(2)
2 Determining Cargo Quantity and Volume
21(14)
2.1 Terms Used for Measurement
21(1)
2.2 Terms Used for Weight and Quantity
22(2)
2.3 Draught Survey
24(11)
2.3.1 Contextual Example
28(7)
3 Ballast Management
35(14)
3.1 Introduction
35(1)
3.2 Risks Involved with the Exchange of Ballast Water
35(1)
3.3 Ballast Water Management Guidelines
36(3)
3.3.1 Ballast Water Management Plan
37(1)
3.3.2 Ballast Water Record Books
37(1)
3.3.3 Ballast Water Management Standards
38(1)
3.3.4 Sediment Management for Ships
38(1)
3.3.5 Duties of Officers and Crew
38(1)
3.3.6 Exceptions
38(1)
3.3.7 Exemptions
39(1)
3.3.8 Equivalent Compliance
39(1)
3.4 Survey and Certification of Ships
39(1)
3.5 Ballast Water Management Standards
39(2)
3.5.1 Dl - Ballast Water Exchange (BWE)
40(1)
3.5.2 D2 - Ballast Water Performance Standard
40(1)
3.6 Other Methods of Ballast Water Management
41(1)
3.7 Ballast Water Management Implementation Schedule
41(1)
3.8 UK Implementation of the Ballast Water Management Convention
41(1)
3.9 Ballast Water Management Requirements in Specific Marine Areas
41(2)
3.10 Case Study: Australian Ballast Water Management Requirements
43(6)
3.10.1 Background
43(1)
3.10.2 What the New Arrangements Mean for the Shipping Industry Mandatory Ballast Water Management Requirements
44(1)
3.10.3 Ballast Water Management Options
44(1)
3.10.4 The AQIS Decision Support System
45(1)
3.10.5 Ballast Water Reporting
45(1)
3.10.6 Verification Inspections
46(1)
3.10.7 AQIS Ballast Water Compliance Agreements
46(1)
3.10.8 Tank Stripping
46(1)
3.10.9 Access to Sampling Points
46(3)
4 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Dry Cargoes
49(28)
4.1 Introduction
49(1)
4.2 What Is General Cargo?
49(1)
4.3 Equipment Used in the Handling of General Cargo
50(1)
4.4 Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Typical General Cargoes
51(3)
4.5 Cargo Hold Preparation for the Reception of General Cargo
54(1)
4.6 Unitisation
55(1)
4.7 Containerisation
55(3)
4.8 Preparations for Containerised Cargo
58(2)
4.8.1 Preparing a Cargo Space to Load Containerised General Cargo
58(2)
4.9 Examples of Common Types of Containers
60(3)
4.10 Identifying a Container's Location
63(8)
4.11 Refrigerated and Reefer Cargoes
71(1)
4.11.1 Frozen Cargo
71(1)
4.11.2 Chilled Cargo
71(1)
4.11.3 Temperature-regulated Cargo
71(1)
4.12 Safe Handling, Stowing, and Carriage of Reefer Cargoes
72(3)
4.12.1 Pre-cooling of Compartment
74(1)
4.12.2 Loading and Handling
74(1)
4.12.3 C02 Control
74(1)
4.12.4 Methods of Transportation of Reefer Cargoes
75(1)
4.12.5 Loose and Unitised Reefer Cargoes
75(1)
4.13 Containerised Reefer Cargoes
75(2)
4.13.1 Ship-dependent Containers
75(1)
4.13.2 Independent Containers
75(2)
5 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of RORO Cargo
77(12)
5.1 Introduction
77(2)
5.2 RORO Cargo Operations
79(1)
5.2.1 Rolling Cargo
79(1)
5.2.2 Vehicles
79(1)
5.2.3 Containers
79(1)
5.3 Guidance for Cargo Officers Overseeing RORO Operations
80(9)
5.3.1 General Precautions
80(1)
5.3.2 Ventilation
80(1)
5.3.3 Fire Safety and Prevention
81(1)
5.3.4 Noise
81(1)
5.3.5 Safe Movement
81(1)
5.3.6 Use of Work Equipment
82(1)
5.3.7 Inspection of Vehicles
83(1)
5.3.8 Stowage
83(1)
5.3.9 Securing of Cargo
84(2)
5.3.10 Dangerous Goods
86(1)
5.3.11 Specialised Vehicles
86(1)
5.3.12 Partially Filled Tank Vehicles
86(1)
5.3.13 Housekeeping
87(2)
6 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Dry Bulk Cargo
89(10)
6.1 Introduction
89(2)
6.2 The Loading and Handling of Dry Bulk Cargoes
91(3)
6.3 Principles and Practice for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Some Special Types of Solid Bulk Cargo Concentrates
94(1)
6.4 Preparing a Space for the Reception of Dry Bulk Cargo
95(3)
6.4.1 Exceptions
97(1)
6.5 Summary
98(1)
7 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Liquid Bulk Cargo
99(12)
7.1 Introduction
99(3)
7.2 Carriage of Petroleum Products
102(1)
7.3 Cargo-handling Procedures for Clean Oils
103(1)
7.4 Cargo-handling Procedures for Dirty Oils
104(1)
7.5 Crude Oil Washing
105(1)
7.6 Principles of the Inert Gas Systems
106(1)
7.7 Preparation of Cargo Spaces for the Reception of Bulk Liquid Cargo
106(5)
8 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Liquefied Gases
111(20)
8.1 Introduction
111(1)
8.2 Cargo Operations on Gas Carriers
112(2)
8.3 Guidelines for Completing the Ship to Shore Safety Checklist
114(9)
8.4 Ship/Shore Safety Checklist
123(8)
9 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Cargo on Offshore Supply Vessels
131(28)
9.1 Introduction
131(1)
9.2 Preparing to Load Cargo Onboard
132(1)
9.3 Notification of Any Unusual Cargo Items
133(1)
9.4 Deck Space Management and Back Load Cargoes
133(1)
9.5 Cargo Plans
133(1)
9.6 Sailing Instructions
134(1)
9.7 Potential Dropped Objects
135(1)
9.8 Stowage and Securing of Cargoes in Containers
136(1)
9.9 Refrigerated Containers (Disconnection at the Offshore Facility)
137(1)
9.10 Tubular Cargo
138(1)
9.11 Main Block Operations
139(1)
9.12 Cherry Picking
140(1)
9.13 Unusual Cargo Items Loaded onto Vessel Decks
140(1)
9.14 Bulk Cargo General Requirements
141(1)
9.15 Bulk Operations in Port and at the Facility
142(1)
9.15.1 Vessel Responsibilities at the Facility
142(1)
9.15.2 Facility Responsibilities
143(1)
9.16 Preparations Relating to the Transfer of Dry Bulk Materials
143(1)
9.17 Bulk Hose-Handling Procedures at the Facility
144(1)
9.18 Hose Securing Arrangements
144(1)
9.19 Bulk Transfers of Common Liquids
145(1)
9.20 Bulk Transfers of Special Products
145(1)
9.20.1 Characteristics of Some Special Liquid Products
145(1)
9.21 Attendance of Facility Personnel during Bulk Transfer Operations
146(1)
9.22 Transfer of Noxious Liquids during the Hours of Darkness
147(3)
9.22.1 Tank Cleaning
147(3)
9.22.2 Control
150(1)
9.23 Carriage of Tubular Cargoes
150(2)
9.23.1 Cargo Requirements
151(1)
9.23.2 Preparations before Loading at Base
151(1)
9.23.3 Loading at Base
151(1)
9.24 Offshore Loading/Offloading Operations
152(1)
9.25 Loading of Tubular Cargo onto Pipelaying Vessels
153(1)
9.26 Carriage of Oil-contaminated Cargo
153(2)
9.27 Composition of the Wet Bulk Waste
155(4)
10 Principles for the Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of Timber Products, Grain, and Livestock
159(22)
10.1 Introduction
159(1)
10.2 Timber
159(1)
10.3 Stability Criteria for Vessels Carrying Timber Deck Cargo
160(1)
10.4 Precautions Necessary When Carrying Timber Deck Cargo
161(4)
10.4.1 Timber and Cargo Securing
164(1)
10.4.2 Load Line
165(1)
10.5 Regulation 44 - Stowage
165(2)
10.5.1 General
165(1)
10.5.2 Uprights
165(1)
10.5.3 Lashings
166(1)
10.5.4 Stability
166(1)
10.5.5 Protection of Crew, Access to Machinery Spaces, etc.
166(1)
10.5.6 Steering Arrangements
166(1)
10.6 Regulation 45 - Computation for Freeboard
167(1)
10.6.1 Securing
167(1)
10.6.2 Summary
168(1)
10.7 Grain
168(4)
10.8 Stowage of Bulk Grain
172(2)
10.8.1 Germination
172(1)
10.8.2 Infestation
172(1)
10.8.3 Dust Explosion
173(1)
10.8.4 Grain Swelling
173(1)
10.8.5 Grain Shifting (in a Filled Compartment)
173(1)
10.8.6 Grain Shifting (in a Partly Filled Compartment)
174(1)
10.9 Vessel Stability
174(2)
10.10 Livestock
176(2)
10.11 Loading Procedures (Australia)
178(1)
10.12 Stability Criteria for Vessels Carrying Livestock
178(1)
10.13 Restrictions on the Carriage of Livestock
179(1)
10.14 Provision of Ventilation, Lighting, and Drainage
179(1)
10.15 Provision of Firefighting Appliances
180(1)
PART 2 Safe Handling, Stowage, and Securing of Cargo
181(72)
Learning Outcome 2
181(1)
Assessment Criteria
181(2)
11 Requirements Relating to the Use of Cargo-handling Equipment and Cargo Stowage
183(24)
11.1 Introduction
183(1)
11.2 Key Terms and Definitions
183(1)
11.3 Loading and Unloading Operations
184(2)
11.3.1 Safe Working Loads
184(1)
11.3.2 Testing, Examination, Inspection, and Certification of Wire Rope
185(1)
11.3.3 Register of Materials-handling Equipment and Certificates of Testing
185(1)
11.3.4 Provision of Protective Fencing
185(1)
11.3.5 Provision of Lighting
185(1)
11.3.6 Provision of Safe Atmospheres
185(1)
11.3.7 Provision of Fire Extinguishing Systems and Equipment
186(1)
11.3.8 Safe Use of Materials-handling Equipment
186(1)
11.4 Requirements for Derricks
186(1)
11.5 Requirements for Cargo Gears
186(1)
11.6 Signalling
187(1)
11.7 Handling and Stowage of Different Cargoes Using Machinery
187(7)
11.7.1 Handling of Bulk Cargo
187(1)
11.7.2 Handling of Bulk Liquid
188(1)
11.7.3 Handling of Containers
188(1)
11.7.4 Handling of Cargo on RORO Vessels
188(6)
11.7.5 Handling Heavy Weights
194(1)
11.8 Hold and Tank Preparation Procedures for the Reception of Various Cargoes
194(2)
11.9 Fumigation and De-odourisation of Cargo Holds
196(11)
11.9.1 Fumigation
196(6)
11.9.2 Part A - General Information on All Quarantine Treatments
202(3)
11.9.3 De-odourisation
205(2)
12 Importance of Cargo Securing and Cargo Care
207(22)
12.1 Introduction
207(1)
12.2 Main Objectives of Cargo Securing
207(1)
12.3 Securing of Cargoes
208(7)
12.3.1 Securing General Cargoes
208(1)
12.3.2 Securing of Coils
208(1)
12.3.3 Securing of Logs and Timber Products
209(1)
12.3.4 Securing of Cargo on RORO Ships
209(2)
12.3.5 Securing of Containers
211(3)
12.3.6 Securing of Heavy Loads
214(1)
12.4 Dunnage
215(2)
12.5 Cargo Damage: Causes, Effects, and Prevention
217(2)
12.6 Temperature-controlled Reefer Cargo
219(3)
12.6.1 Types of Reefer Containers
220(2)
12.7 Sweat: Causes, Effects, and Prevention
222(3)
12.7.1 Examples of Ship Sweat and Cargo Sweat
224(1)
12.8 Cargo Contamination
225(1)
12.8.1 Contamination by Taint
225(1)
12.8.2 Contamination through Fumigation
226(1)
12.8.3 Contamination by Water
226(1)
12.8.4 Cross-Cargo Contamination
226(1)
12.9 Cargo Damage Survey Procedure
226(2)
12.10 Summary
228(1)
13 Safe Handling, Stowage, and Carriage of IMDG Cargo
229(24)
13.1 Introduction
229(1)
13.2 Structure of the IMDG Code
230(2)
13.2.1 Subclass
230(1)
13.2.2 The UN Number
230(1)
13.2.3 General Index
231(1)
13.2.4 Segregation
231(1)
13.2.5 Labelling
231(1)
13.2.6 Subsidiary Risk Label
231(1)
13.2.7 Marine Pollutant
231(1)
13.2.8 Packaging Group
232(1)
13.2.9 Emergency Schedule Number
232(1)
13.2.10 Medical First Aid for Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods Table Number
232(1)
13.3 Classifications of Dangerous Goods
232(3)
13.3.1 Class 1: Explosives
232(1)
13.3.2 Class 2: Flammable Gases
233(1)
13.3.3 Class 3: Flammable Liquids
233(1)
13.3.4 Class 4.1: Flammable Solids
233(1)
13.3.5 Class 4.2: Flammable Material Liable to Spontaneous Combustion
233(1)
13.3.6 Class 4.3: Flammable Materials that Are Dangerous When Wet
234(1)
13.3.7 Class 5.1: Oxidising Substances
234(1)
13.3.8 Class 5.2: Organic Peroxides
234(1)
13.3.9 Class 6: Poisonous Substances
234(1)
13.3.10 Class 7: Radioactive Substances
234(1)
13.3.11 Class 8: Corrosives
235(1)
13.3.12 Class 9: Miscellaneous
235(1)
13.4 Markings of Dangerous Goods
235(4)
13.4.1 Class 1: Explosives
235(1)
13.4.2 Class 2: Gases
236(1)
13.4.3 Class 3: Flammable Liquids
236(1)
13.4.4 Class 4: Flammable Solids
236(1)
13.4.5 Class 5: Oxidising Substances and Organic Peroxides
237(1)
13.4.6 Class 6: Poisonous Substances and Infectious Substances
237(1)
13.4.7 Class 7: Radioactive Substances
237(1)
13.4.8 Class 8: Corrosives
238(1)
13.4.9 Class 9: Miscellaneous Substances
238(1)
13.5 Safety Precautions and Procedures during Cargo Operations
239(1)
13.6 Actions in the Event of Leakage or Spillage
239(1)
13.7 Procedures to Follow When Shipping Dangerous Goods
239(6)
13.8 Proposed Loading Plans and Final Stowage Plans
245(1)
13.9 Precautions during the Loading, Carriage, and Discharge of Dangerous Goods
246(7)
13.9.1 General Fire Precautions to Be Taken When Carrying Dangerous Goods
246(1)
13.9.2 Segregation
246(5)
13.9.3 Packing
251(2)
PART 3 Cargo Watches in Port and Officer of the Watch Responsibilities
253(24)
Learning Outcome 3
253(1)
Assessment Criteria
253(2)
14 Duties and Responsibilities with respect to Cargo Operations
255(14)
14.1 Introduction
255(1)
14.2 Duties of the Officer of the Watch in the Port of Loading
256(1)
14.3 Duties of the Chief Officer in the Port of Loading
256(1)
14.4 Hatch and Cargo Gear Preparations
257(3)
14.5 Safety Checks to Be Carried Out before Starting Cargo Operations
260(1)
14.6 Officer of the Watch Responsibilities with respect to the Ship's Staff, Stevedores, and Visitors
261(1)
14.6.1 Crew and Vessel
261(1)
14.6.2 Visitors
261(1)
14.7 Safety Precautions with respect to Port Watchkeeping
261(1)
14.8 Taking and Handing over the Port Watch
262(1)
14.9 Importance of Establishing and Maintaining Effective Communications
263(1)
14.10 Guidelines for Completing the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist
263(5)
14.11 Summary
268(1)
15 Cargo Planning, Record, and Log Keeping
269(8)
15.1 Pre-loading and Cargo Plan
270(1)
15.2 Capacity, Lashing, and Rigging Plans
271(1)
15.2.1 Capacity Plan
271(1)
15.2.2 Lashing Plan
271(1)
15.2.3 Rigging Plan
272(1)
15.3 Record and Log Keeping
272(2)
15.4 Damage Report
274(1)
15.5 Important Shipping Documents
275(2)
Index 277
Alexander Olsen is a Senior Consultant at RINA Consulting Defence UK. He is STCW II 1995 qualified and has also worked as a marine training designer, marine auditor, and fisheries observer. He is the author of Introduction to Ship Operations and Onboard Safety, Core Concepts of Maritime Navigation, Introduction to Ship Engine Room Systems, and Merchant Ship Types (with Routledge).
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