|
|
xiii | |
|
|
xvii | |
Contributors |
|
xix | |
Foreword |
|
xxiii | |
|
Part I Theoretical settings |
|
|
|
1 Setting the scene on maritime transport and regional sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
2 Description of different chapters |
|
|
5 | (6) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
2.2 Adapting to climate change impacts |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2.3 Improving environmental performance |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
2.4 Opening up the Arctic seas |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
2 Environmental governance in shipping and ports: Sustainability and scale challenges |
|
|
|
|
1 Introduction---Environmental challenges in shipping and ports |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
2 Environmental governance---The IMO |
|
|
14 | (4) |
|
2.1 Role of IMO and main policies |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
2.2 Market-based mechanisms |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
3 Environmental governance---Other organizations |
|
|
18 | (5) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
3.2 The port and city level |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
3.3 Supranational organizations---The EU |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
3.4 Industry and voluntary organizations |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
4 The role of scale and institutional inertia |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (9) |
|
|
26 | (7) |
|
Part II Adapting to climate change impacts |
|
|
|
3 Storm resilience and sustainability at the Port of Providence, USA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
2 Planning for inundation |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
3 The Port of Providence, Rhode Island |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
4 Insights from recent economic modeling on port adaptation to climate change effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (15) |
|
2.1 Basic economic issues in existing modeling work |
|
|
48 | (4) |
|
|
52 | (9) |
|
3 Discussions on existing theoretical findings |
|
|
61 | (6) |
|
3.1 Timing of port adaptation investment |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
3.2 Uncertainty of disaster and adaptation efficiency |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
3.3 Port market structure |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
4 Avenues for future research |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
4.1 Asymmetry in disaster uncertainty and other port features |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
4.2 Vertical concession contract between PA and TOCs |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
4.3 Positive externality of port adaptation on regional economy |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (5) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
5 Sustainability cruising and its supply chain |
|
|
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
2 Understand coordination and vertical integration in cruise ports |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
2.1 Cruise maritime cluster development---objectives and incentives |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
3 Responsible cruising and its economic impacts |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
3.1 Social, cultural, and environmental externality |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
3.2 Challenges to quantify environmental externality |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
4 Marine environmental efficiency and CSR |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.1 Quantify environmental efficiency with undesirable output |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
5 Incentive mechanism in cruise supply chain |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
5.1 Contract theory to overcome moral hazard and vulnerability |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
6 How does the UK transport system respond to the risks posed by climate change? An analysis from the perspective of adaptation planning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
3 Adapting planning for climate change in the UK road and rail systems |
|
|
88 | (10) |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
3.3 London (Transport for London & Environment Agency) |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
|
95 | (3) |
|
4 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
98 | (11) |
|
Appendix. Basic information of interviewees |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
Part III Improving environmental practice |
|
|
|
7 Green port initiatives for a more sustainable port-city interaction: The case study of Barcelona |
|
|
|
|
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
2 Relevance of the Port of Barcelona |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
3 Environmental impact of the Port of Barcelona on the city |
|
|
113 | (8) |
|
3.1 Environmental initiatives at the Port of Barcelona |
|
|
115 | (6) |
|
4 Results from the evaluation of port initiatives |
|
|
121 | (7) |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
5 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
128 | (5) |
|
|
129 | (4) |
|
8 Climate change adaptation and mitigation in ports: Advances in Colombia |
|
|
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
2 Climate change impacts and ports |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
3 Climate change, national strategies and ports |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
4 The Colombian port system |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
5 Climate change adaptation |
|
|
138 | (10) |
|
5.1 Mitigation efforts and constructing energy consumption and emissions baseline data |
|
|
143 | (5) |
|
|
148 | (5) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (4) |
|
Part IV Opening up the Arctic seas |
|
|
|
9 Navigational risk factor analysis of Arctic shipping in ice-covered waters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
|
156 | (4) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
2.2 Fault tree analysis (FTA) |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
2.3 Textual data mining approach |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
2.4 Accident reports and scientific literature |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
160 | (5) |
|
3.1 Ship collision factors analysis under icebreaker assistance |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
3.2 Analysis of ice-ship collision factors in the context of independent navigation |
|
|
161 | (4) |
|
4 Navigational risk factors analysis using fault tree model |
|
|
165 | (7) |
|
4.1 FT modeling for ship collision accidents under icebreaker assistance |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
4.2 FT modeling for ice-ship collision in the context of independent navigation |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
4.3 Qualitative analysis of collision risk |
|
|
168 | (4) |
|
4.4 Relationship analysis of different accident scenarios |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
5 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
172 | (7) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (3) |
|
10 Assessing the risk of potential oil spills in the Arctic due to shipping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
3 Source, fate and transport, partition, and exposure modeling |
|
|
181 | (4) |
|
4 Addressing uncertainty and variability |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
7 Discussion and conclusions |
|
|
188 | (4) |
|
|
192 | (3) |
|
|
192 | (3) |
|
11 Future Arctic shipping, black carbon emissions, and climate change |
|
|
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
2 BC emissions and maritime shipping |
|
|
195 | (4) |
|
3 Localized health impacts |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
4 International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulatory activities |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
6 Future Arctic shipping emission control measures and cleaner technologies |
|
|
202 | (4) |
|
|
206 | (3) |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
12 Opportunities and challenges of the opening of the Arctic Ocean for Norway |
|
|
|
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
2 Benefits and risks of the opening of the Arctic Ocean |
|
|
210 | (3) |
|
3 Benefits and risks of the opening of the Arctic Ocean related to Norway |
|
|
213 | (6) |
|
3.1 Reduction in shipping distance and vessels' operation |
|
|
213 | (3) |
|
3.2 Economic benefits, sea species, infrastructure, and political dispute |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
219 | (4) |
|
|
220 | (3) |
|
13 Climate change, a double-edged sword: The case of Churchill on the Northwest Passage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
223 | (3) |
|
2 Case study: The Churchill example |
|
|
226 | (5) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
2.2 Impacts on essential services |
|
|
226 | (4) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
3 Opportunities for substitutions |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
4 The development of Northwest Passage as a potential solution |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (7) |
|
|
234 | (5) |
|
|
|
14 An investigation into the responsibility of cruise tourism in China |
|
|
|
|
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
2 Negative effects of cruise tourism |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
3 The use of shore power in China's cruise ports |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
4 Responsible cruise tourism |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
15 Government initiatives on transport and regional systems: The development and management of Chinese high-speed rail |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
2 Chinese HSR development |
|
|
253 | (5) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
2.2 Four trillion RMB (585 billion USD) stimulus package |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
3 Looking to the future: HSR and regional development |
|
|
258 | (4) |
|
3.1 Spatial distribution of employment and population |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
3.2 An integrated HSR network |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
3.4 Long-distance international HSR services |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
262 | (5) |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
16 Connect or be connected strategy in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Korean case |
|
|
|
|
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
2 How to react Korean ports to Chinese overseas port developments |
|
|
271 | (5) |
|
2.1 China's investment in overseas port development along the Maritime Silk Road |
|
|
271 | (3) |
|
2.2 Ports' "going global strategy" advocated by the central and local governments |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
3 Key factors for efficiently connecting Korea to Europe in the context of the BRI |
|
|
276 | (4) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
A Variables of development priority of ports |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
B Overseas port investment and operation of Chinese enterprises |
|
|
282 | (7) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
17 A multiobjective programming model for comparing existing and potential corridors between the Indian Ocean and China |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
1.3 Intellectual merits of this research with scenario settings |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
1.4 Structure of this chapter |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (4) |
|
|
292 | (4) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
3 Model application and analysis |
|
|
296 | (5) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (4) |
|
4 Analysis of return on investment |
|
|
301 | (6) |
|
4.1 Predicting volume of imports and exports |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
4.2 Optimal volume allocation |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
4.3 Analysis of return on investment |
|
|
303 | (4) |
|
5 Transport and regional impacts |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
18 Mehar method for solving unbalanced generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy number transportation problems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
2 Ebrahimnejad's method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
3 Flaws of Ebrahimnejad's method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
4 Proposed Mehar method for transforming an unbalanced generalized IVTrFNTP into a balanced generalized IVTrFNTP |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
5 Validity of the proposed Mehar method |
|
|
320 | (7) |
|
5.1 The obtained dummy supply will be a generalized IVTrFN |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
5.2 The obtained dummy demand will be a generalized IVTrFN |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
5.3 The obtained dummy supply and dummy demand will be a generalized IVTrFNs |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
5.4 Validity of the condition |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
5.5 Validity of the condition |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
5.6 Validity of the condition |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
6 Invalidity of the existing result |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
7 Exact dummy supply and dummy demand for the existing generalized IVTrFNTP |
|
|
328 | (3) |
|
8 Exact results of the existing generalized IVTrFNTP |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
Index |
|
335 | |