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E-raamat: Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective

(Advanced Engineering Associates, USA), (Advanced Engineering Associates, USA)
  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Sep-2009
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040081884
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 195,00 €*
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  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Sep-2009
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040081884

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Over the past 25 years, Harold and Darren Franck have investigated hundreds of accidents involving vehicles of almost every shape, size, and type imaginable. In Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective, these seasoned experts demonstrate the application of mathematics to modeling accident reconstructions involving a range of moving vehicles, including automobiles, small and large trucks, bicycles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and construction equipment such as hoists and cranes.

The book is anchored on basic principles of physics that may be applied to any of the above-named vehicles or equipment. Topics covered include the foundations of measurement, the various energy methods used in reconstruction, momentum methods, vehicle specifications, failure analysis, geometrical characteristics of highways, and softer scientific issues such as visibility, perception, and reaction.

The authors examine the fundamental characteristics of different vehicles, discuss the retrieval of data from crash data recorders, and review low speed impacts with an analysis of staged collisions. Finally, the book details standards and protocols for accident reconstruction.

Exploring a broad range of accident scenarios and also acknowledging the limits of applicability of the various physical methods employed, the breadth and depth of the books coverage makes it a critical reference for engineers and scientists who perform vehicular accident reconstructions.
Symbols and Units xiii
Preface xv
Introduction
1(6)
Basic Principles
7(34)
Introduction
7(1)
Coordinate Systems
7(4)
Basic Principles of Physics
11(1)
Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
12(1)
Motion in a Plane
13(1)
Projectile Motion
14(2)
Uniformly Accelerated Curvilinear Motion
16(2)
Relation between Angular and Linear Velocity and Acceleration
18(1)
Newton's First Law
19(2)
Newton's Second Law
21(1)
Newton's Third Law
22(1)
Center of Gravity or Mass
23(1)
Impulse and Momentum
24(4)
Conservation of Momentum
28(1)
Conservation of Energy and Work
29(3)
Kinetic Energy
32(1)
Potential Energy due to Gravity
33(1)
Elastic Potential Energy
34(2)
Dissipation and Conservation of Forces
36(1)
Internal Work, Energy, Power, and Velocity
37(2)
Change in Velocity
39(2)
Evidence Gathering
41(18)
Introduction
41(1)
Measurements
42(9)
Site Inspection
43(2)
Vehicle Inspection
45(3)
Component Inspection
48(3)
Photography
51(1)
Computer Techniques
52(1)
Photogrammetry
52(7)
Energy Methods
59(44)
Introduction
59(2)
Friction
61(2)
Critical Speed---Straight Trajectory
63(4)
Stopping Distances
67(1)
Friction and the Speed of a Vehicle
68(3)
Newton's Second Law Argument
71(2)
Work--Energy Argument
73(2)
Critical Speed---Curved Trajectory
75(5)
Critical Speed to Negotiate a Turn Including Superelevation
80(3)
Conservation of Energy Analysis
83(4)
Generalized Critical Speed Analysis
87(4)
Critical Speed from Yaw and Rollover
91(3)
Extension on Minimum Speed Calculations when Radius Cannot Be Determined Uniquely
94(3)
Crush Analysis
97(3)
Tree Impacts
100(3)
Momentum Methods
103(22)
Introduction
103(1)
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
103(1)
Elastic Collisions
104(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum
106(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum with Restitution
108(3)
Conservation of Rotational Momentum
111(3)
Combined Linear and Rotational Momentum
114(1)
Rotational Momentum---Alternate Solution
115(3)
Parametric Analysis for Left of Center Collisions
118(2)
Plastic--Elastic Analysis
120(5)
Vehicle Specifications
125(10)
Introduction
125(1)
Calculation of Center of Mass Techniques
125(4)
Rollover/Tipover
129(2)
Gouge Spacing
131(4)
Vehicle Performance Characteristics
135(30)
Introduction
135(1)
Systems and Performance Characteristics
135(12)
Braking
135(1)
Vacuum Assisted Brake Booster
136(1)
Brake Line Pressure Control Devices
137(1)
Step Bore Master Cylinder
137(1)
Brake Designs
138(1)
Large Vehicles
139(1)
Steering
139(5)
Acceleration
144(2)
Electrical Systems
146(1)
Failure Analysis
147(15)
Brake Performance Characteristics
147(3)
Seat Failure
150(3)
Analysis of the Circular Cross-Section
153(2)
Analysis of the Elliptical Cross-Section
155(4)
Seatbelts and Air Bags
159(1)
Light Bulbs and Filaments
160(2)
Testing of Components
162(3)
Bicycles, Motorcycles, and Pedestrians
165(12)
Introduction
165(2)
Gyroscopic Action in Two-Wheeled Vehicles
167(2)
Vaulting of Pedestrians
169(3)
Determination of Pedestrian Speed from Vehicle Damage
172(1)
Vehicular Collisions with Pedestrians or Cyclists
173(4)
Geometrical Characteristics of Highways
177(14)
Introduction
177(1)
Classification and Design Speed
178(2)
Cross Sectional Elements
180(1)
Traffic Control Devices (TCDs)
181(1)
Sight Distance
182(3)
Horizontal Curves
185(2)
Vertical Curves---Sag and Crest
187(2)
Conclusions
189(2)
Train Accidents
191(12)
Introduction
191(1)
Train Resistance and the Effect of Curvature and Grade
192(1)
Computation of Train Speed
193(3)
Train Manifest and Recorders
196(1)
Train Crossings
196(2)
Sight Distance Triangle
198(5)
Commercial and Off-Road Vehicles
203(16)
Introduction
203(1)
Federal Motor Vehicle (FMV) Regulations Title 49 Transportation
203(1)
Tractor/Trailers
204(5)
Off-Tracking for Coupled Vehicles
209(1)
Construction Equipment
210(9)
Visibility, Perception, and Reaction
219(8)
Introduction
219(1)
Limitations of Human Factors Analysis
220(1)
Design Standards
221(2)
Capability of Drivers
223(4)
Computer Methods and Modern Reconstruction Tools
227(24)
Introduction
227(1)
Numerical Methods
228(14)
Systems of Linear Equations
228(2)
Direct Methods
230(3)
Iterative Solutions
233(1)
Polynomial Approximation and Interpolation
234(4)
Numerical Integration and Differentiation
238(4)
Programming
242(1)
Commercially Available Software
242(2)
Reconstruction Tools
244(7)
Low Speed Impacts and Injury
251(20)
Introduction
251(1)
Methods of Analysis
252(2)
Biomechanics of Injury
254(13)
Soft Tissue Injuries
254(2)
Occupant Kinematics and Vehicle Impacts
256(4)
Bone Fractures
260(3)
Head Injury Criterion (HIC)
263(4)
Staged Collisions
267(4)
Standards and Protocols
271(10)
Introduction
271(2)
Protocol for Inspections and Reconstructions
273(1)
Standard Guide for Vehicular Accident Inspections and Reconstructions
273(4)
Scope
273(1)
Significance and Use
274(1)
Equipment
275(1)
Procedure
275(2)
Reports
277(1)
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards
277(1)
Federal Motor Vehicle (FMV) Standards
278(1)
SAE Standards
279(2)
Sensitivity and Uncertainty
281(4)
Introduction
281(1)
Sensitivity and Uncertainty
281(4)
Bibliography 285(4)
Index 289
Harold Franck and Darren Franck are experts in accident reconstruction and have worked on hundreds of investigations.