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E-raamat: Mathematical Tools for Real-World Applications: A Gentle Introduction for Students and Practitioners

  • Formaat: 306 pages
  • Sari: The MIT Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780262370325
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  • Formaat: 306 pages
  • Sari: The MIT Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780262370325
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"This book teaches various analysis, research, and problem-solving methods in an easy-to-follow, practical manner"--

Techniques for applying mathematical concepts in the real world: six rarely taught but crucial tools for analysis, research, and problem-solving.

Many young graduates leave school with a solid knowledge of mathematical concepts but struggle to apply these concepts in practice. Real scientific and engineering problems are different from those found in textbooks: they are messier, take longer to solve, and standard solution recipes might not apply. This book fills the gap between what is taught in the typical college curriculum and what a practicing engineer or scientist needs to know. It presents six powerful tools for analysis, research, and problem-solving in the real world: dimensional analysis, limiting cases, symmetry, scaling, making order of magnitude estimates, and the method of successive approximations.
 
The book does not focus on formulaic manipulations of equations, but emphasizes analysis and explores connections between the equations and the application. Each chapter introduces a set of ideas and techniques and then shows how these techniques apply to a series of problems. (Knowledge of algebra and trigonometry, but not calculus, is required.) The final two chapters tie all six techniques together and apply them to two real-world problems: computing the probability of a rare, catastrophic event, and tracking a satellite with a GPS receiver. Readers will learn how to analyze, dissect, and gain insight into the results by using all the techniques presented in earlier chapters—and discover how analysis tools work on problems not concocted for a textbook. The appendix provides solutions to many of the problems found throughout the book.
 
Alexandr Draganov was born and raised in Kyiv, Ukraine; in light of the current war in Ukraine he will donate 100% of his royalties for the first year to support medical and humanitarian efforts there.?
List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xix
Preface xxi
How to Read This Book xxv
1 Units
1(18)
1.1 Using Dimensional Analysis to Solve Problems
3(2)
1.2 The Two Hikers Problem
5(1)
1.3 The Circle and Line Problem
5(2)
1.4 Satellite Coverage
7(1)
1.5 The Cubic Formula
8(2)
1.6 Summary
10(9)
Exercises
11(8)
2 Limiting Cases
19(54)
2.1 The Product of Two Linear Expressions
21(1)
2.2 The Two Hikers Problem
22(1)
2.3 The Riverboat Problem
23(2)
2.4 The Quadratic Equation
25(2)
2.5 The Intersections between a Circle and a Straight Line
27(3)
2.6 The Sum of Two Ratios
30(4)
2.7 The Sum of Two Scaled Ratios
34(2)
2.8 The Sum or Difference of Two Radicals
36(2)
2.9 A Circle Inscribed in a Right Triangle
38(2)
2.10 Draining a Pool
40(4)
2.11 The Sum of an Unknown and Its Reciprocal
44(2)
2.12 Designing Satellite Coverage
46(6)
2.13 Two Circles Inscribed in an Angle
52(1)
2.14 The Intersections between a Circle and a Parabola
53(2)
2.15 Linear Regression
55(3)
2.16 Summary
58(15)
Exercises
59(14)
3 Symmetry
73(48)
3.1 Symmetry in Mathematical Problems
75(4)
3.2 The Product of Two Linear Expressions
79(1)
3.3 The Intersections between a Circle and a Straight Line
80(5)
3.4 A Circle Inscribed in a Right Triangle
85(1)
3.5 Blending Syrups
86(2)
3.6 Draining a Pool
88(2)
3.7 The Sum of an Unknown and Its Reciprocal
90(1)
3.8 Designing Satellite Coverage
91(2)
3.9 Two Circles Inscribed in an Angle
93(1)
3.10 The Sum or Difference of Two Radicals
94(3)
3.11 Symmetric Polynomials
97(2)
3.12 Symmetry in the Quadratic Equation
99(3)
3.13 Linear Regression
102(3)
3.14 Summary
105(16)
Exercises
107(14)
4 Scaling
121(30)
4.1 Allometric Scaling
123(1)
4.2 The Hierarchy of Scaling Behaviors
124(4)
4.3 Scaling and Polynomial Long Division
128(1)
4.4 The Pythagorean Theorem
129(1)
4.5 Olbers's Paradox
130(2)
4.6 A Rope Wrapped around a Pole
132(3)
4.7 Linear Regression
135(2)
4.8 Summary
137(14)
Exercises
139(12)
5 Order of Magnitude Estimates
151(24)
5.1 How Good Should an Estimate Be?
153(1)
5.2 How to Make Order of Magnitude Estimates
154(2)
5.3 Mortgage Payments
156(2)
5.4 Designing a Parachute
158(2)
5.5 Accuracy of a Pendulum Clock
160(2)
5.6 Sizing the Power for a Car Engine
162(2)
5.7 Summary
164(11)
Exercises
166(9)
6 Successive Approximations
175(40)
6.1 Achilles and the Tortoise
177(4)
6.2 How MSA Works
181(2)
6.3 When It Works and When It Doesn't
183(2)
6.4 The Product of Two Linear Expressions
185(3)
6.5 The Quadratic Equation
188(3)
6.6 Archimedes's Spiral
191(2)
6.7 Designing Satellite Coverage
193(4)
6.8 The Intersections between a Circle and a Parabola
197(7)
6.9 Summary
204(11)
Exercises
206(9)
7 Tying It All Together: The Probability of Catastrophic Events
215(14)
7.1 Helpful Concepts from Probability Theory
215(3)
7.2 Generalized Pareto Distribution
218(2)
7.3 Units
220(1)
7.4 Limiting Cases
220(1)
7.5 Symmetry
221(1)
7.6 Scaling
222(1)
7.7 Order of Magnitude Estimates
223(3)
7.8 Successive Approximations
226(1)
7.9 Summary
227(2)
8 Tying It All Together: Tracking a GPS Satellite
229(12)
8.1 Problem Setup
229(3)
8.2 Units
232(1)
8.3 Limiting Cases
232(2)
8.4 Symmetry and Invariance
234(1)
8.5 Scaling
235(1)
8.6 Order of Magnitude Estimates
236(1)
8.7 Successive Approximations
236(3)
8.8 Summary
239(2)
A Problems and Solutions
241(30)
A.1 Two Hikers on a Trail
241(1)
A.2 A Riverboat
242(1)
A.3 The Intersections between a Circle and a Straight Line
243(1)
A.4 The Intersections between a Circle and an Ellipse
244(2)
A.5 The Intersections between a Circle and a Hyperbola
246(1)
A.6 The Intersections between a Circle and a Parabola
247(1)
A.7 The Product of Two Linear Expressions
248(1)
A.8 The Sum of an Unknown and Its Reciprocal
249(1)
A.9 The Difference of an Unknown and Its Reciprocal
249(1)
A.10 The Sum of Two Ratios
250(1)
A.11 The Sum of Two Scaled Ratios
250(1)
A.12 The Difference of Two Ratios
251(1)
A.13 The Sum of Trigonometric Functions, 1st Version
252(1)
A.14 The Sum of Trigonometric Functions, 2nd Version
253(1)
A.15 The Ratio of Cosines
253(1)
A.16 Blending Two Syrups
254(1)
A.17 Blending Three Syrups
255(1)
A.18 Draining a Pool Using Two Pumps
255(1)
A.19 Draining a Pool Using Three Pumps
255(1)
A.20 The Sum of Two Radicals
256(1)
A.21 The Difference of Two Radicals
256(1)
A.22 The Sum of Two Rational Functions
257(1)
A.23 The Difference of Two Rational Functions
258(1)
A.24 Designing Satellite Coverage
259(1)
A.25 Detecting a Vessel by Two Radars
260(1)
A.26 Two Circles Inscribed in an Angle
261(1)
A.27 A Circle Inscribed in a Right Triangle
262(1)
A.28 A Rectangle Inscribed in a Right Triangle
263(1)
A.29 The Cubic Formula
264(1)
A.30 A Spherical Cap
265(1)
A.31 Mortgage Payments
265(2)
A.32 The Kalman Filter
267(1)
A.33 Linear Regression
268(3)
Further Reading 271(2)
Bibliography 273(2)
Index 275(4)
Index of Problems 279