Preface |
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ix | |
About the Authors |
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xiv | |
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1 Bioinformatics and Mathematics |
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1 | (23) |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2 Genetic Code and Mathematics |
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6 | (4) |
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1.3 Mathematical Background |
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10 | (8) |
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1.4 Converting Data to Knowledge |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5 The Big Picture: Informatics |
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18 | (3) |
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1.6 Challenges and Perspectives |
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21 | (3) |
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22 | (2) |
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2 Genetic Codes, Matrices, and Symmetrical Techniques |
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24 | (39) |
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25 | (3) |
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2.2 Matrix Theory and Symmetry Preliminaries |
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28 | (1) |
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2.3 Genetic Codes and Matrices |
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29 | (12) |
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2.4 Genetic Matrices, Hydrogen Bonds, and the Golden Section |
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41 | (8) |
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2.5 Symmetrical Patterns, Molecular Genetics, and Bioinformatics |
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49 | (4) |
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2.6 Challenges and Perspectives |
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53 | (10) |
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55 | (8) |
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3 Biological Sequences, Sequence Alignment, and Statistics |
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63 | (26) |
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63 | (1) |
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3.2 Mathematical Sequences |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (15) |
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3.4 Sequence Analysis and Further Discussion |
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81 | (4) |
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3.5 Challenges and Perspectives |
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85 | (4) |
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87 | (2) |
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4 Structures of DNA and Knot Theory |
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89 | (23) |
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89 | (3) |
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4.2 Knot Theory Preliminaries |
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92 | (10) |
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102 | (3) |
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4.4 Challenges and Perspectives |
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105 | (7) |
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110 | (2) |
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5 Protein Structures, Geometry, and Topology |
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112 | (24) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.2 Computational Geometry and Topology Preliminaries |
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113 | (4) |
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5.3 Protein Structures and Prediction |
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117 | (13) |
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5.4 Statistical Approach and Discussion |
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130 | (2) |
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5.5 Challenges and Perspectives |
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132 | (4) |
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133 | (3) |
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6 Biological Networks and Graph Theory |
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136 | (21) |
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136 | (1) |
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6.2 Graph Theory Preliminaries and Network Topology |
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137 | (11) |
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6.3 Models of Biological Networks |
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148 | (4) |
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6.4 Challenges and Perspectives |
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152 | (5) |
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155 | (2) |
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7 Biological Systems, Fractals, and Systems Biology |
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157 | (23) |
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157 | (2) |
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7.2 Fractal Geometry Preliminaries |
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159 | (3) |
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7.3 Fractal Geometry in Biological Systems |
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162 | (12) |
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174 | (1) |
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7.5 Challenges and Perspectives |
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174 | (6) |
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177 | (3) |
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8 Matrix Genetics, Hadamard Matrices, and Algebraic Biology |
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180 | (49) |
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180 | (1) |
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8.2 Genetic Matrices and the Degeneracy of the Genetic Code |
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181 | (13) |
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8.3 The Genetic Code and Hadamard Matrices |
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194 | (7) |
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8.4 Genetic Matrices and Matrix Algebras of Hypercomplex Numbers |
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201 | (13) |
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8.5 Some Rules of Evolution of Variants of the Genetic Code |
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214 | (10) |
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8.6 Challenges and Perspectives |
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224 | (5) |
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226 | (3) |
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9 Bioinformatics, Denotational Mathematics, and Cognitive Informatics |
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229 | (20) |
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229 | (5) |
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9.2 Emerging Pattern, Dissipative Structure, and Evolving Cognition |
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234 | (4) |
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9.3 Denotational Mathematics and Cognitive Computing |
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238 | (4) |
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9.4 Challenges and Perspectives |
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242 | (7) |
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246 | (3) |
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10 Evolutionary Trends and Central Dogma of Informatics |
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249 | (13) |
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249 | (2) |
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10.2 Evolutionary Trends of Information Sciences |
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251 | (2) |
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10.3 Central Dogma of Informatics |
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253 | (5) |
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10.4 Challenges and Perspectives |
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258 | (4) |
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259 | (3) |
Appendix A Bioinformatics Notation and Databases |
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262 | (6) |
Appendix B Bioinformatics and Genetics Time Line |
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268 | (2) |
Appendix C Bioinformatics Glossary |
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270 | (27) |
Index |
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297 | |