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E-raamat: Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook: Two-Volume Set

Edited by (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA), Edited by (Curtin University, Bentley, Australia)
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This new edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences; explains sensors and the associated hardware and software; and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes.

Organized according to measurement problem, the Second Edition:

  • Consists of 2 volumes
  • Features contributions from 240+ field experts
  • Contains 53 new chapters, plus updates to all 194 existing chapters
  • Addresses different ways of making measurements for given variables
  • Emphasizes modern intelligent instruments and techniques, human factors, modern display methods, instrument networks, and virtual instruments
  • Explains modern wireless techniques, sensors, measurements, and applications

A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Arvustused

"The new edition of this manual shows the state of the art of measures, instrumentation, and sensors used in the field of biomedical engineering. It describes the use of instrumentation and techniques for performing underlying practical measures required particularly for medical sciences, explaining in detail the sensors that are used as well as the techniques, hardware, and software associated. ... The second edition certainly offers the most complete source of reference." Centro Nazionale Edilizia e Tecnica Ospedaliera (CNETO)'s Progettare per la Sanità, October 2015

" a superb and well treated collection of engineering topics delving in-depth in the essential MEASUREMENT activity of almost any variable there is." Max E. Valentinuzzi, Institute Biomed Engineering-University Buenos Aires, Argentina

" Even though different experts in their respective fields wrote the chapters; they are well-written and clear demonstrating the expert editing done by Professors Webster and Eren. The wide base of experts drawn together for this book demonstrates the broad coverage of this book by leading experts in the field of instrumentation. Michael R. Neuman, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA

"This is a very interesting, and moreover incredibly thorough, treatment of all aspects relating to sensors and measurements. The material presented on soft sensors was very much a representation of the state-of-the-art whilst also being understandable and a good introduction to the subject." Alex Casson, University of Manchester, UK

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Editors xvii
Contributors xix
PART I Instrumentation and Measurement Concepts
1 Measurements, Instrumentation, and Sensors
1(1)
Halit Eren
2 Characteristics of Instrumentation
2(1)
John R. Hansman Jr.
3 Operational Modes of Instrumentation
3(1)
Richard S. Figliola
4 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instrumentation
4(1)
Peter H. Sydenham
5 Measurement Accuracy
5(1)
Ronald H. Dieck
6 Development of Standards
6(1)
Halit Eren
7 Measurement Standards
7(1)
DeWayne B. Sharp
8 Calibrations in Instrumentation and Measurements
8(1)
Halit Eren
9 Intelligent Sensors and Instruments
9(1)
Halit Eren
10 Virtual Instruments
10(1)
David Potter
Halit Eren
11 Fail-Safe Instruments and Devices
11(1)
Davide Quatrini
Giuseppe Fazio
Mauro Giaconi
Adelio Salsano
12 Dynamic Error Measurements of Force Sensors
12(1)
Akihiro Takita
Jin Tao
Yusaku Fujii
PART II Spatial Variables
13 Thickness Measurement
13(1)
John C. Brasunas
G. Mark Cushman
Brook Lakew
14 Distance Measurement
14(1)
W. John Ballantyne
15 Altitude Measurement
15(1)
Dimitris E. Manolakis
16 Attitude Measurement
16(1)
Mark A. Stedham
Partha P. Banerjee
Seiji Nishifuji
Shogo Tanaka
17 Inertial Navigation
17(1)
Halit Eren
18 Level Measurement
18(1)
Detlef Brumbi
19 Area Measurement
19(1)
Charles B. Coulbourn
Wolfgang P. Buerner
20 Volume Measurement
20(1)
Rene G. Aarnink
Hessel Wijkstra
21 Tilt Measurement
21(1)
Adam Chrzanowski
James M. Secord
22 Proximity Sensing for Robotics
22(1)
Ricardo E. Saad
Ben Benhabib
A. Bonen
K.C. Smith
PART III Displacement
23 Resistive Displacement Sensors
23(1)
Keith Antonelli
James Ko
Shyan Ku
24 Inductive Displacement Sensors
24(1)
Halit Eren
25 Capacitive Sensors: Displacement, Humidity, Force
25(1)
Halit Eren
26 Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers
26(1)
Ahmad Safari
Victor F. Janas
Amit Bandyopadhyay
Andrei Kholkine
27 Laser Interferometer Displacement Sensor
27(1)
Bernhard Gunther Zagar
28 Bore-Gaging Displacement Sensors
28(1)
Viktor P. Astakhov
29 Ultrasonic Displacement Sensors
29(1)
Nils Karlsson
Ole Pedersen
30 Optical Encoder Displacement Sensors
30(1)
J.R. Rene Mayer
31 Magnetic Displacement Sensors
31(1)
David S. Nyce
32 Synchro/Resolver Displacement Sensors
32(1)
Robert M. Hyatt Jr.
David Dayton
33 Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors
33(1)
Richard O. Claus
Vikram Bhatia
Anbo Wang
34 Optical Beam Deflection Sensors
34(1)
Grover C. Wetsel
35 Velocity Measurement
35(1)
Charles P. Pinney
William E. Baker
PART IV Mechanical Variables
36 Acceleration, Vibration, and Shock Measurement
36(1)
Halit Eren
37 Strain Measurement
37(1)
Christopher S. Lynch
38 Tactile Sensing
38(1)
Ricardo E. Saad
A. Bonen
K.C. Smith
Ben Benhabib
39 Pressure Measurement
39(1)
Kevin H.L. Chau
40 Vacuum Measurement
40(1)
Ron Goehner
Emil Drubetsky
Howard M. Brady
William H. Bayles, Jr.
41 Force Measurement
41(1)
M.A. Elbestawi
42 Angle Measurement
42(1)
Robert J: Sandberg
43 Mass, Weights, and Instrumentation
43(1)
Emil Hazarian
44 Torque and Power Measurement
44(1)
Ivan J. Garshelis
45 Density Measurement
45(1)
Halit Eren
46 Fluid Viscosity Measurement
46(1)
R.A. Secco
M. Kostic
J.R. deBruyn
47 Surface Tension Measurement
47(1)
David B. Thiessen
Kin F. Man
PART V Acoustics
48 Acoustic Measurement
48(1)
Per Rasmussen
49 Ultrasound Measurement
49(1)
Peder C. Pedersen
PART VI Flow and Spot Velocity
50 Capillary-Type Mass Flow Meter
50(1)
Reza Pakdaman Zangabad
Manouchehr Bahrami
51 Differential Pressure Flowmeters
51(1)
Richard Thorn
52 Variable Area Flowmeters
52(1)
Adrian Melling
Herbert Kochner
Reinhard Haak
53 Positive Displacement Flowmeters
53(1)
Zaki D. Husain
Donald J. Wass
54 Turbine and Vane Flowmeters
54(1)
David Wadlow
55 Impeller Flowmeters
55(1)
Harold M. Miller
56 Electromagnetic Flowmeters
56(1)
Halit Eren
57 Ultrasonic Flowmeters
57(1)
Hans-Peter Vaterlaus
Thomas Hossle
Paolo Giordano
Christophe Bruttin
58 Vortex-Shedding Flowmeters
58(1)
Wade M. Mattar
James H. Vignos
59 Thermal Anemometry
59(1)
Jugal K. Agarwal
John G. Olin
60 Coriolis Effect Mass Flowmeters
60(1)
Jesse Yoder
61 Drag Force Flowmeters
61(1)
Rekha Philip-Chandy
Roger Morgan
Patricia J. Scully
62 Pitot Probe Anemometer
62(1)
John A. Kleppe
63 Thermal Dispersion Mass Flow Meters
63(1)
John G. Olin
64 Laser Anemometry
64(1)
Rajan K. Menon
PART VII Thermal and Temperature Measurement
65 Temperature Measurements, Scales, and Calibrations
65(1)
Franco Pavese
66 Thermal Conductivity Measurement
66(1)
William A. Wakeham
Marc J. Assael
67 Heat Flux
67(1)
Thomas E. Diller
68 Resistive Thermometers
68(1)
Jim Burns
69 Thermistor Thermometers
69(1)
Rod White
Meyer Sapoff
70 Thermocouple Thermometry
70(1)
R.P. Reed
71 Semiconductor Junction Thermometers
71(1)
Randy Frank
72 Noncontact Thermometers
72(1)
Jacob Fraden
73 Pyroelectric Detectors
73(1)
Jacob Fraden
74 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
74(1)
Rod White
J.V. Nicholas
75 Manometric Thermometers
75(1)
Franco Pavese
76 Temperature Indicators
76(1)
Jan Stasiek
Tolestyn Madaj
Jaroslaw Mikielewicz
77 Fiber-Optic Thermometers
77(1)
Brian Culshaw
78 Thermal Imaging
78(1)
Herbert M. Runciman
79 Calorimetry Measurement
79(1)
Sander van Herwaarden
Elina Iervolino
PART VIII Radiation
80 Radioactivity Measurement
80(1)
Bert M. Coursey
81 Radioactivity Detectors
81(1)
Larry A. Franks
Ralph B. James
Larry S. Darken
82 Charged-Particle Measurement
82(1)
John C. Armitage
Madhu S. Dixit
Jacques Dubeau
Hans Mes
F. Gerald Oakham
83 Neutron Measurement
83(1)
Steven M. Grimes
84 Dosimetry Measurement
84(1)
Brian L. Justus
Mark A. Miller
Alan L. Huston
PART IX Wireless Instrumentation
85 Wireless Instrumentation
85(1)
J.P. Carmo
J.H. Correria
86 Wireless Sensor Node Hardware
86(1)
Michael Healy
Thomas Newe
Elfed Lewis
87 Mobile Instrumentation with Wireless Design and Implementation
87(1)
Frederick Fortson
Kenneth Johnson
88 Powering Autonomous Sensors
88(1)
Manel Gasulla
Maria Teresa Penella
Oscar Lopez-Lapena
89 Wireless Sensing Technology
89(1)
Gregory C. Willden
Ben A. Abbott
Ronald T. Green
90 Telemetry
90(1)
Albert Lozano-Nieto
PART X Control and Human Factors
91 PID Control
91(1)
F. Greg Shinskey
92 Optimal Control and the Software
92(1)
Halit Eren
93 Electropneumatic and Electrohydraulic Instruments: Modeling
93(1)
M. Pachter
C.H. Houpis
94 Explosion-Proof Instruments
94(1)
Sam S. Khalilieh
95 Measurement and Identification of DC Brush and Brushless Stepping Motors
95(1)
Stuart Schweid
Robert Lofthus
John McInroy
96 Human Factors in Displays
96
Jeffrey D. Onken
Barrett S. Caldwell
Steven A. Murray
Appendix: Units and Conversions 1(1)
B.W. Petley
Index 1(1)
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Editors xvii
Contributors xix
PART I Sensors and Sensor Technology
1 Soft Sensors: Software-Based Sensors
1(1)
Petr Kadlec
2 Implantable Systems
2(1)
Vincenzo Luciano
Emilio Sardini
Alessandro Dionisi
Mauro Serpelloni
Andrea Cadei
3 Bio-Inspired and Life-Inspired Sensors
3(1)
Cesar Ortega-Sanchez
Halit Eren
4 Image Sensors
4(1)
Mehdi Habibi
5 Principles and Technology of SQUIDs
5(1)
Robert L. Fagaly
6 Next Generation of Smart Sensors
6(1)
Michael E. Stanley
Stephane Gervais-Ducouret
7 Needle-Type Environmental Sensors
7(1)
Woo Hyoung Lee
Jin-Hwan Lee
Woo-Hyuck Choi
Ian Papautsky
Paul L. Bishop
8 Single-Chip Chemical and Biological Sensors
8(1)
Alireza Hassanzadeh
Robert G. Lindquist
9 CMOS Integrated Gas Sensors
9(1)
Prasanta K. Guha
Sumita Santra
Julian W. Gardner
10 Energy Harvesting for Sensors: DC Harvesters
10(1)
Oscar Lopez-Lapena
Maria Teresa Penella
Manel Gasulla
11 Energy Harvesting for Sensors: AC Harvesters
11(1)
Maria Teresa Penella
Oscar Lopez-Lapena
Manel Gasulla
12 Hydrogen Gas Sensors: Flow
12(1)
H. El Matbouly
F. Domingue
V. Palmisano
L. Boon-Brett
13 Thermal Sensors: Flow
13(1)
Nam-Trung Nguyen
14 SQUID Magnetometers
14(1)
Robert L. Fagaly
15 Sensor Networks and Communication
15(1)
Robert M. Crovella
PART II Electrical Variables
16 Electric Current Sensors
16(1)
Pavel Ripka
17 Nonlinear System Modeling with Invariance to Fourier Transform for Fault Diagnosis: Application to Power Transformers
17(1)
Gerasimos Rigatos
Pierluigi Siano
18 Meter Voltage Measurement
18(1)
Alessandro Ferrero
19 Oscilloscope Voltage Measurement
19(1)
Jerry Murphy
20 Inductive and Capacitive Voltage Measurement
20(1)
Cipriano Bartoletti
Luca Podesta
Giancarlo Sacerdoti
21 Current Measurement
21(1)
Douglas P. McNutt
22 Power Measurement
22(1)
Pasquale Arpaia
Francesco Avallone
Aldo Baccigalupi
Carmine Landi
23 Power Factor Measurement
23(1)
Michael Z. Lowenstein
24 Phase Measurement
24(1)
Peter O'Shea
25 Energy Measurement
25(1)
Arnaldo Brandolini
Alessandro Gandelli
26 Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity
26(1)
Michael B. Heaney
27 Charge Measurement
27(1)
Saps Buchman
John T. Mester
T.J. Sumner
28 Capacitance and Capacitance Measurements
28(1)
Halit Eren
29 Permeability and Hysteresis Measurement
29(1)
Jeff P. Anderson
Richard J. Blotzer
30 Inductance Measurement
30(1)
Michal Szyper
31 Immittance Measurement
31(1)
Achim Dreher
32 Distortion Measurement
32(1)
Michael F. Toner
Gordon W. Roberts
33 Noise Measurement
33(1)
W. Marshall Leach Jr.
PART III Electromagnetic Variables
34 Microwave Measurement
34(1)
Alfons Dehe
K. Beilenhoff
K. Fricke
H. Klingbeil
V. Krozer
H.L. Hartnagel
35 Q Factor Measurement
35(1)
Albert D. Helfrick
36 EMI and EMC Test Methods
36(1)
Jeffrey P. Mills
37 Permittivity Measurement
37(1)
Devendra K. Misra
38 Electric-Field Strength
38(1)
David A. Hill
Motohisa Kanda
39 Magnetic Field Measurement
39(1)
Robert L. Fagaly
Steven A. Macintyre
40 RF/Microwave Spectrum Analysis
40(1)
Roberto Ambrosini
Stelio Montebugnoli
Claudio Bortolotti
Mauro Roma
PART IV Time and frequency
41 Time Measurement
41(1)
Michael A. Lombardi
42 Frequency Measurement
42(1)
Michael A. Lombardi
PART V Optical
43 Photoconductive Sensors
43(1)
Fritz Schuermeyer
Thad Pickenpaugh
44 Photojunction Sensors
44(1)
Michael R. Squillante
Kanai S. Shah
James F. Christian
45 Vision and Image Sensors
45(1)
Stanley S. Ipson
Chima Okereke
46 Charge-Coupled Devices
46(1)
John A. Nousek
M.W. Bautz
B.E. Burke
J.A. Gregory
R.E. Griffiths
R.L. Kraft
H.L. Kwok
D.H. Lumb
47 Densitometry Measurement
47(1)
Joseph H. Altman
48 Colorimetry
48(1)
Robert T. Marcus
49 Polarization Measurement
49(1)
Soe-Mie F. Nee
50 Refractive Index Measurement
50(1)
Gerry H. Meeten
51 Turbidity Measurement
51(1)
Daniel Harrison
Michael Fisch
52 Laser Output Measurement
52(1)
Haiyin Sun
53 Optical Loss: Principles and Applications
53(1)
M.M. Rad
Halit Eren
Martin Maier
PART VI Chemical Variables
54 Interference and Selectivity in Portable Chemical Sensors
54(1)
Denise Wilson
55 Electrochemical Composition Measurement
55(1)
Michael J. Schoning
Arshak Poghossian
Olaf Gluck
Marion Thust
56 Thermal Composition Measurement
56(1)
Mushtaq Ali
Behrooz Pahlavanpour
Maria Eklund
57 Kinetic Composition Measurement
57(1)
E.E. Uzgiris
J.Y. Gui
58 Chromatography Composition Measurement
58(1)
Behrooz Pahlavanpour
Mushtaq Ali
C.K. Laird
59 pH Measurement
59(1)
Norman F. Sheppard Jr.
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
PART VII Medical, Biomedical, and Health
60 Wireless Sensor Networks in Health
60(1)
Enrique Dorronzoro
Isabel Gomez
Ana Veronica Medina
Luis Fernandez-Luque
Jose Antonio Gomez
61 Sensors for Electrical Impedance Tomography
61(1)
Tushar Kanti Bera
J. Nagaraju
62 Patient-Care Sensing and Monitoring Systems
62(1)
Akihiro Kajiwara
Ryohei Nakamura
63 Sensor-Based Activity Recognition Techniques
63(1)
Donghai Guan
Weiwei Yuan
Sungyoung Lee
64 Biopotentials and Electrophysiology Measurement
64(1)
Nitish V. Thakor
65 Blood Pressure Measurement
65(1)
Shyam Rithalia
Mark Sun
Roger Jones
66 Blood Flow Measurements
66(1)
Per Ask
P. Ake Oberg
67 Medical Imaging
67(1)
James T. Dobbins
Sean M. Hames
Bruce H. Hasegawa
Timothy R. DeGrado
James A. Zagzebski
Richard Frayne
68 Blood Chemistry Measurement
68(1)
Terry L. Rusch
Ravi Sankar
69 Human Occupancy Detectors
69(1)
Jacob Fraden
PART VIII Environmental
70 GPR Principles and Applications
70(1)
Jan Francke
71 Airborne Radiometers to Measure Electromagnetic Radiation in the Earth's Atmosphere: Mature and Emerging Technologies
71(1)
Manfred Wendisch
72 In Situ Sensors for Monitoring the Marine Environment
72(1)
Graham A. Mills
Gary R. Fones
Silke Kroger
73 Mobile Environmental Sensing Using Smartphones
73(1)
Siamak Aram
A. Toriono
F. Rugiano
E. Pasero
74 Space Dosimetry
74(1)
Jarvis A. Caffrey
David M. Hamby
75 Capacitance Sensors for Nondestructive Moisture Determination in Agricultural Products and Biofuel Materials
75(1)
Chari V. Kandala
Naveen Puppala
76 Radio Location, Radio Navigation, and GPS Systems
76(1)
Halit Eren
77 Air Pollution Monitoring
77(1)
Michael Bennett
78 Water Quality Measurement
78(1)
Kathleen M. Leonard
79 Satellite Imaging and Sensing
79(1)
Robert F. Cromp
80 Humidity and Moisture Measurement
80(1)
Gert J.W. Visscher
81 Ventilation Measurement
81(1)
L. Basano
P. Ottonello
82 Meteorological Measurement
82(1)
John D. Garrison
Stephen B.W. Roeder
83 Robotics and Sensors: Environmental Applications
83(1)
Gourab Sen Gupta
PART IX Signal Processing
84 Modulation
84(1)
David M. Beams
85 Filters
85(1)
Rahman Jamal
Robert Steer
86 Spectrum Analysis and Correlation
86(1)
Ronney B. Panerai
87 Applied Intelligence Processing
87(1)
Peter H. Sydenham
Rodney Pratt
88 Analog-to-Digital Converters
88(1)
E.B. Loewenstein
89 Computers
89(1)
A.M. MacLeod
P.F. Martin
W.A. Gillespie
90 Grounding and Shielding
90(1)
Daryl Gerke
William Kimmel
91 Amplifiers and Signal Conditioners
91(1)
Ramon Pallas-Areny
92 Data Acquisition Systems
92(1)
Edward McConnell
PART X Displays and Recorders
93 Plasma-Driven Flat Panel Displays
93(1)
Robert T. McGrath
Ramanapathy Veerasingam
William C. Moffatt
Robert B. Campbell
94 Electroluminescent Displays
94(1)
William A. Barrow
95 Light-Emitting Diode Displays
95(1)
Mohammad A. Karim
96 Magnetic and Optical Recording
96(1)
Yufeng Li
97 Liquid Crystal Displays
97(1)
Kalluri R. Sarma
98 Cathode Ray Tube Displays
98
Christopher J. Sherman
Appendix: Units and Conversions 1(1)
B.W. Petley
Index 1
John G. Webster received his BS from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA and M.Sc and Ph.D from University of Rochester, New York, USA. A fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instrument Society of America, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society, and Institute of Physics, he served on the IEEE-EMBS Administrative Committee and NIH Surgery and Bioengineering Study Section, authored/co-authored and edited/co-edited numerous books and publications, and received the IEEE-EMBS Career Achievement Award. A highly cited researcher for King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, he is currently a professor emeritus at University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

Halit Eren received his BS, M.Sc, and Ph.D from University of Sheffield, UK. He also obtained an MBA from Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. He has served as an instrumentation engineer at Etibank, as well as an assistant professor for Hacettepe University and Middle East Technical University, all in Turkey. An author and co-editor of several books and publications, he was associate professor at Polytechnic University, Hong Kong and visiting professor at University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. A senior member of IEEE taking roles in Region 10 activities and various committees for organizing conferences, he is currently teaching and conducting research at Curtin University.