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E-raamat: Measurement in Medicine: A Practical Guide

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Measurement in Medicine: A Practical GuideSuurem pilt
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The success of the Apgar score demonstrates the astounding power of an appropriate clinical instrument. This down-to-earth book provides practical advice, underpinned by theoretical principles, on developing and evaluating measurement instruments in all fields of medicine. It equips you to choose the most appropriate instrument for specific purposes. The book covers measurement theories, methods and criteria for evaluating and selecting instruments. It provides methods to assess measurement properties, such as reliability, validity and responsiveness, and interpret the results. Worked examples and end-of-chapter assignments use real data and well-known instruments to build your skills at implementation and interpretation through hands-on analysis of real-life cases. All data and solutions are available online. This is a perfect course book for students and a perfect companion for professionals/researchers in the medical and health sciences who care about the quality and meaning of the measurements they perform.

Measurement instruments are essential in medicine to assess the severity of diseases, monitor health status or evaluate the effects of interventions. Learn how to improve these measurements with this book, which provides handholds for the development and evaluation of measurement instruments in all clinical disciplines.

Arvustused

' the book covers such a broad range of topics, researchers at any stage of the scale development or assessment process can be expected to find some utility in the advice and excellent examples As research on health measurement expands, we expect this book to serve as a helpful companion to the medical and health researcher.' Quality of Life Research

Muu info

Provides methods to develop and evaluate measurement instruments in all fields of medicine and quality standards for all measurement properties.
Preface ix
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Why this textbook on measurement in medicine?
1(1)
1.2 Clinimetrics versus psychometrics
2(1)
1.3 Terminology and definitions
2(1)
1.4 Scope of measurements in medicine
3(1)
1.5 For whom is this book written?
4(1)
1.6 Structure of the book
5(1)
1.7 Examples, data sets, software and assignments
6(1)
2 Concepts, theories and models, and types of measurements
7(23)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Conceptual models
7(3)
2.3 Characteristics of measurements
10(3)
2.4 Conceptual framework: reflective and formative models
13(4)
2.5 Measurement theories
17(9)
2.6 Summary
26(4)
3 Development of a measurement instrument
30(35)
3.1 Introduction
30(3)
3.2 Definition and elaboration of the construct to be measured
33(2)
3.3 Choice of measurement method
35(2)
3.4 Selecting items
37(9)
3.5 Scores for items
46(3)
3.6 Scores for scales and indexes
49(8)
3.7 Pilot-testing
57(3)
3.8 Summary
60(5)
4 Field-testing: item reduction and data structure
65(31)
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 Examining the item scores
66(4)
4.3 Importance of the items
70(1)
4.4 Examining the dimensionality of the data: factor analysis
71(9)
4.5 Internal consistency
80(4)
4.6 Examining the items in a scale with item response theory
84(7)
4.7 Field-testing as part of a clinical study
91(1)
4.8 Summary
92(4)
5 Reliability
96(54)
5.1 Introduction
96(2)
5.2 Example
98(1)
5.3 The concept of reliability
98(5)
5.4 Parameters for continuous variables
103(12)
5.5 Parameters for categorical variables
115(5)
5.6 Interpretation of the parameters
120(3)
5.7 Which parameter to use in which situation?
123(1)
5.8 Design of simple reliability studies
124(2)
5.9 Sample size for reliability studies
126(2)
5.10 Design of reliability studies for more complex situations
128(3)
5.11 Generalizability and decision studies
131(6)
5.12 Cronbach's alpha as a reliability parameter
137(2)
5.13 Reliability parameters and measurement error obtained by item response theory analysis
139(2)
5.14 Reliability and computer adaptive testing
141(1)
5.15 Reliability at group level and individual level
142(2)
5.16 Improving the reliability of measurements
144(1)
5.17 Summary
145(5)
6 Validity
150(52)
6.1 Introduction
150(1)
6.2 The concept of validity
151(3)
6.3 Content validity (including face validity)
154(5)
6.4 Criterion validity
159(10)
6.5 Construct validity
169(22)
6.6 Validation in context
191(5)
6.7 Summary
196(6)
7 Responsiveness
202(25)
7.1 Introduction
202(1)
7.2 The concept of responsiveness
203(3)
7.3 Criterion approach
206(5)
7.4 Construct approach
211(4)
7.5 Inappropriate measures of responsiveness
215(5)
7.6 Other design issues
220(1)
7.7 Summary
221(6)
8 Interpretability
227(48)
8.1 Introduction
227(1)
8.2 The concept of interpretability
228(1)
8.3 Distribution of scores of the instrument
228(7)
8.4 Interpretation of single scores
235(6)
8.5 Interpretation of change scores
241(27)
8.6 Summary
268(7)
9 Systematic reviews of measurement properties
275(40)
9.1 Introduction
275(1)
9.2 Research question
276(2)
9.3 Literature search
278(4)
9.4 Eligibility criteria
282(1)
9.5 Selection of articles
283(1)
9.6 Evaluation of the methodological quality of the included studies
284(7)
9.7 Data extraction
291(3)
9.8 Content comparison
294(2)
9.9 Data synthesis: evaluation of the evidence for adequacy of the measurement properties
296(4)
9.10 Overall conclusions of the systematic review
300(2)
9.11 Report on a systematic review of measurement properties
302(7)
9.12 State of affairs
309(1)
9.13 Comprehensiveness of systematic reviews of measurement properties
310(1)
9.14 Summary
311(4)
References 315(13)
Index 328
Henrica C. W. de Vet is a Professor of Clinimetrics in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam. Caroline B. Terwee is an Assistant Professor of Clinimetrics in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam. Lidwine B. Mokkink is a Research Fellow in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam. Dirk L. Knol is an Assistant Professor of Statistics in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
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