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E-raamat: Mechanical Ice Drilling Technology

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Geophysics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811005602
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Mechanical Ice Drilling TechnologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Geophysics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2016
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811005602
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This book provides a review of mechanical ice drilling technology, including the design, parameters, and performance of various tools and drills for making holes in snow, firn and ice. The material presents the historical development of ice drilling tools and devices from the first experience taken place more than 170 years ago to the present day and focuses on the modern vision of ice drilling technology. It is illustrated with numerous pictures, many of them published for the first time. This book is intended for specialists in ice core sciences, drilling engineers, glaciologists, and can be useful for high-school students and other readers who are very interested in engineering and cold regions technology.

Preface vii
1 Introduction to Ice Drilling Technology
1(8)
1.1 Ice Drilling Targets and Aims
1(3)
1.2 Structure of Ice Sheets and Glaciers
4(2)
1.3 Classification of Ice Drilling Methods
6(3)
References
7(2)
2 Yearly History of Ice Drilling from Ninetieth to the First Half of Twentieth Century
9(6)
References
13(2)
3 Direct-Push Drilling
15(12)
3.1 Drive Sampling
15(5)
3.1.1 Basic Principles
15(1)
3.1.2 Mt. Rose Sampler
16(1)
3.1.3 Utah Snow Sampler
17(1)
3.1.4 Federal Snow Sampler
17(1)
3.1.5 Bowman Sampler
18(1)
3.1.6 Rosen Sampler
18(1)
3.1.7 Large Diameter Snow Samplers
19(1)
3.1.8 Vibratory Drill
19(1)
3.2 Penetrative Testing
20(4)
3.2.1 Ski Pole Penetrometer
20(1)
3.2.2 Ram Penetrometer
20(1)
3.2.3 Snow Resistograph
21(1)
3.2.4 Digital Thermo-Resistograph
22(1)
3.2.5 Snow Micro-Penetrometer
22(1)
3.2.6 SABRE Probe
22(1)
3.2.7 Cone Penetrometer Testing
23(1)
3.3 Summary
24(3)
References
24(3)
4 Hand- and Power-Driven Portable Drills
27(26)
4.1 Noncoring Augers
27(7)
4.1.1 SFFEL Noncoring Auger
27(1)
4.1.2 SJPRE/CRREL Ice Thickness Kit
27(3)
4.1.3 Kovacs Ice Thickness Kit
30(1)
4.1.4 AARI Portable Sled-Mounted Drilling Rig
30(1)
4.1.5 Handheld Coal-Boring Augers
30(1)
4.1.6 Ice Augers for Winter Fishing
31(3)
4.2 Noncoring "Piston" Drills
34(1)
4.3 Core Augers
34(11)
4.3.1 General Principles
34(1)
4.3.2 SFFEL Auger
35(2)
4.3.3 SIPRE Auger
37(2)
4.3.4 CRREL Auger
39(1)
4.3.5 Rand Auger
39(1)
4.3.6 Big John 12" Auger
40(1)
4.3.7 PICO Lightweight Auger
40(1)
4.3.8 Kovacs Auger
41(1)
4.3.9 IGAS Hand Auger
42(1)
4.3.10 Swiss Hand Auger
42(1)
4.3.11 UCPH Hand Auger
42(1)
4.3.12 "Prairie Dog" Auger
43(1)
4.3.13 "Sidewinder"
44(1)
4.3.14 IDDO Hand Auger
44(1)
4.4 Core Drills with Teeth and Annular Bits
45(5)
4.4.1 Taku Glacier Hand Drill
46(1)
4.4.2 Canadian Portable Ice Drill
46(1)
4.4.3 Tsykin's Hand Drill
46(2)
4.4.4 5th CAE Drill
48(1)
4.4.5 Ice Core Drill with Annular Bit PI-8
48(2)
4.5 Mini Drills
50(1)
4.5.1 Livingston Island Mini Drill
50(1)
4.5.2 Chipmunk Drill
50(1)
4.6 Summary
50(3)
References
51(2)
5 Percussion Drills
53(6)
5.1 Cable-Tool Drill Rigs
53(3)
5.1.1 IGAS Cable-Tool Rig
53(1)
5.1.2 Cable-Tool of California Institute of Technology
54(1)
5.1.3 Star Iron Works Cable-Tool
55(1)
5.2 Pneumatic Drills
56(1)
5.3 Rotary-Percussion Drills
56(1)
5.4 Summary
56(3)
References
56(3)
6 Conventional Machine-Driven Rotary Drill Rigs
59(42)
6.1 Dry Drilling
59(5)
6.1.1 Expeditions Polaires Francaises in Greenland
59(3)
6.1.2 Baffin Island Expedition
62(1)
6.1.3 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition
63(1)
6.1.4 Mirny Station, Antarctica
64(1)
6.2 Auger Drilling
64(4)
6.2.1 Mirny Station, Antarctica
64(1)
6.2.2 McMurdo Station, Antarctica
65(2)
6.2.3 Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
67(1)
6.2.4 Subglacial Lake Ellsworth Camp
68(1)
6.3 Commercial Drill Rigs for Ice Fishing
68(3)
6.4 Air Rotary Drilling
71(6)
6.4.1 Mirny, Antarctica
71(1)
6.4.2 Site 2, Greenland
72(2)
6.4.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica
74(1)
6.4.4 Little America V, Antarctica
75(1)
6.4.5 Franz Josef Land, Russian Arctic
76(1)
6.4.6 Base Roi Baudouin, Antarctica
76(1)
6.5 Rotary Drilling with Fluid Circulation
77(2)
6.5.1 Taku Glacier, Alaska
77(1)
6.5.2 Mer de Glace, French Alps
78(1)
6.5.3 South Leduc Glacier, British Columbia
78(1)
6.5.4 McMurdo Station, Antarctica
79(1)
6.6 Wire-Line Drills
79(9)
6.6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project, East Antarctica
80(1)
6.6.2 Ross Ice Shelf Project
80(2)
6.6.3 Base Druzhnaya, Antarctica
82(1)
6.6.4 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska
83(1)
6.6.5 Isua Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Greenland
84(1)
6.6.6 Foremore Glacier, British Columbia, Western Canada
85(1)
6.6.7 Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID)
86(2)
6.6.8 Agile Sub-ice Geological (ASIG) Drill
88(1)
6.7 Drilling in Rock Glaciers
88(9)
6.7.1 Overview of Projects Using Conventional Drilling Equipment
89(6)
6.7.2 Koci Drill
95(2)
6.8 Summary
97(4)
References
97(4)
7 Flexible Drill-Stem Drill Rigs
101(8)
7.1 Rapid Shallow Drill Rigs
101(2)
7.2 Rapid-Access Drill Rigs
103(4)
7.2.1 Thermomechanical Drill
103(1)
7.2.2 Coiled-Tubing Drill Rigs
103(1)
7.2.3 RADIX
104(1)
7.2.4 SUBGLACIOR Drilling Probe
105(2)
7.3 Summary
107(2)
References
107(2)
8 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Auger Drills
109(70)
8.1 Basic Principles
109(2)
8.2 University of Iceland (UI) Drill
111(5)
8.3 University of Bern (UB) Drills
116(6)
8.3.1 Rufli Drill
116(2)
8.3.2 Further Improved UB Drills
118(4)
8.4 CRREL Drill
122(2)
8.5 Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) Drills
124(5)
8.5.1 First Prototypes
124(1)
8.5.2 ID-140 Drill
125(1)
8.5.3 ILTS-140 Drill
125(1)
8.5.4 MTD-140 Drill
126(1)
8.5.5 Portable ILTS-130 and -100 Drills
127(1)
8.5.6 JLTS-130E(F) and ILTS-150 Drills
128(1)
8.5.7 New Portable ILTS Drill
128(1)
8.6 University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Drill
129(3)
8.7 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE) Drills
132(2)
8.8 National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI) Drill
134(3)
8.9 Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) 4" Drill
137(4)
8.10 Alfred-Wegener Institute (AWI) Drills
141(3)
8.11 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Drill
144(1)
8.12 BZXJ Drills
145(3)
8.13 Geo Tecs Drills
148(6)
8.13.1 Geo Tecs Prototype Shallow Drill
148(1)
8.13.2 Further Improvements
148(2)
8.13.3 Field Testing and Operations
150(4)
8.14 Hilda/Simon/Eclipse Drills
154(4)
8.14.1 Hilda/Simon Drills
154(1)
8.14.2 Eclipse Drill
155(2)
8.14.3 Field Testing and Coring
157(1)
8.14.4 Badger-Eclipse Drill
158(1)
8.15 Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) Drills
158(7)
8.16 British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Drills
165(2)
8.16.1 BAS/IMAU Drill
165(1)
8.16.2 Rapid-Access Isotope Drill
166(1)
8.17 FELICS Drills
167(3)
8.17.1 3" Drill
167(2)
8.17.2 "Backpack Drill"
169(1)
8.18 Blue Ice Drill (BID)
170(3)
8.18.1 BID General Fescription
170(2)
8.18.2 Operation and Performance
172(1)
8.18.3 BID-Deep System
173(1)
8.19 Summary
173(6)
References
175(4)
9 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills with Bottom-Hole Circulation
179(80)
9.1 CRREL Electromechanical Drill
179(8)
9.1.1 Drilling Equipment
179(4)
9.1.2 Camp Century, Greenland
183(1)
9.1.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica
184(3)
9.2 ISTUK Drill
187(6)
9.2.1 Drill System
187(1)
9.2.2 Dye 3, Greenland (GISP)
188(1)
9.2.3 Summit, Greenland (GRIP)
189(3)
9.2.4 Law Dome, Antarctica
192(1)
9.3 LGGE Electromechanical Drills
193(1)
9.4 PICO-5.2" Electromechanical Drill
194(8)
9.4.1 Drill System
194(3)
9.4.2 Summit, Greenland (GISP2)
197(4)
9.4.3 Taylor Dome, Antarctica
201(1)
9.4.4 Siple Dome, Antarctica
201(1)
9.5 KEMS Electromechanical Drill
202(7)
9.5.1 Drill System
202(1)
9.5.2 Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic
203(2)
9.5.3 Vostok Station, Antarctica
205(4)
9.6 JARE Electromechanical Drill
209(6)
9.6.1 Drill System
209(1)
9.6.2 Preliminary Tests
210(1)
9.6.3 First Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica
211(3)
9.6.4 Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica
214(1)
9.6.5 Kunlun Station (Dome A), Antarctica
215(1)
9.7 Hans Tausen (HT) Electromechanical Drill and Its Modifications
215(29)
9.7.1 Basic Drill System
215(3)
9.7.2 Hans Tausen Ice Cap, Greenland
218(1)
9.7.3 NorthGRIP, Greenland
218(4)
9.7.4 EPICA Dome C, Antarctica
222(4)
9.7.5 EPICA-DML, Kohnen Station, Antarctica
226(2)
9.7.6 Berkner Island, Antarctica
228(2)
9.7.7 Talos Dome, Antarctica (TALDICE)
230(1)
9.7.8 Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Greenland
230(1)
9.7.9 NEEM Deep Ice Core Drilling, Greenland
231(3)
9.7.10 James Ross Island, Antarctica
234(1)
9.7.11 Fletcher Promontory, Antarctica
235(1)
9.7.12 Roosevelt Island, Antarctica
236(1)
9.7.13 NEEM, Greenland (UCPH Intermediate-Depth Ice Core Drilling System)
237(1)
9.7.14 Aurora Basin North, Antarctica
238(2)
9.7.15 Renland Ice Cap, Greenland
240(1)
9.7.16 Summit, Greenland (IDDO Intermediate-Depth Drill)
241(2)
9.7.17 South Pole, Antarctica (SPICE)
243(1)
9.8 IDRA Drill
244(1)
9.9 DISC Electromechanical Drill
245(6)
9.9.1 Drill System
245(1)
9.9.2 Field Testing at Summit, Greenland
246(1)
9.9.3 WAIS Divide, Antarctica
247(2)
9.9.4 Replicate Coring, WAIS Divide, Antarctica
249(2)
9.10 IBED Drill
251(1)
9.11 Summary
252(7)
References
254(5)
10 Drilling Challenges and Perspectives for Future Development
259(22)
10.1 Low-Temperature Drilling Fluids
259(4)
10.1.1 Drilling Fluid Compositions
259(1)
10.1.2 ESTTSOL™ 240/COASOL™ Drilling Fluid
260(2)
10.1.3 ESTISOL™ 140 Drilling Fluid
262(1)
10.1.4 Low-Molecular Weight Dimethyl Siloxane Oils
262(1)
10.1.5 Low-Molecular Weight Esters
262(1)
10.1.6 Kerosene-Based Drilling Fluids Mixed with Fourth-Generation Foam-Expansion Agents
263(1)
10.2 Ice Drilling Under Complicated Conditions
263(10)
10.2.1 Permeable Snow-Firn
263(2)
10.2.2 Brittle Ice Zone
265(1)
10.2.3 Warm Ice
266(3)
10.2.4 Debris-Containing Ice
269(1)
10.2.5 Bedrock
270(1)
10.2.6 Elimination of Sticking Drills
271(2)
10.3 Advanced Drilling Systems
273(8)
10.3.1 Rapid-Access Ice Drilling Systems for Subglacial Bedrock Drilling
273(3)
10.3.2 Sidewall Drilling
276(1)
10.3.3 Automated Drilling Systems
277(1)
References
277(4)
Appendix A Records of Mechanical Drilling in Ice 281(2)
Appendix B Abbreviations of Institutes, Organizations, and Projects 283
Dr. Pavel G. Talalay is Professor of the College of Construction Engineering and Director of Polar Research Center at Jilin University, Changchun, China. He earned Drilling Engineer (1984), PhD (1995) and Doc. Eng. (2007) degrees in exploration engineering from St. Petersburg State Mining Institute, Russia, where he previously worked as Professor and Chair of the Dept. He has also worked for Niels Bohr Institute (Copenhagen University, Denmark) as Guest Researcher (1998-1999). His research interests are associated with different aspects of drilling technology in Polar Regions, especially on glaciers and ice sheets. He attended six field expeditions in Arctic and Antarctica and took part in the drilling operations of the deepest hole in ice (3769 m) at Vostok Station, Antarctica. He is the author of about 200 publications and got 2006 International Geneva Salon of Inventions Gold Medal and 2009 International Contest on 3D-Modelling Winner Award. Since 2009 Prof. Pavel Talalay has been amember of IDDO Technical Advisory Board, University of Wisconsin Madison.
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