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E-raamat: Mechanics of Materials

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A systematic presentation of theory, procedures, illustrative examples, and applications, Mechanics of Materials provides the basis for understanding structural mechanics in engineering systems such as buildings, bridges, vehicles, and machines. The book incorporates the fundamentals of the subject into analytical methods, modeling approaches, numerical methods, experimental procedures, numerical evaluation procedures, and design techniques.

It introduces the fundamentals, and then moves on to more advanced concepts and applications. It discusses analytical methods using simple mathematics, examples and experimental techniques, and it includes a large number of worked examples and case studies that illustrate practical and real-world usage.











In the beginning of each chapter, states and summarizes the objectives and approaches, and lists the main topics covered in the chapter





Presents the key issues and formulas in a "Summary Sheet" at the end of each chapter





Provides as appendices at the end of the book, useful reference data and advanced material that cannot be conveniently integrated into the main chapters

Mechanics of Materials is a result of the author's experience in teaching an undergraduate course in mechanics of materials consisting of mechanical, manufacturing, materials, mining and mineral engineering students and in teaching other courses in statics, dynamics, modeling, vibration, instrumentation, testing, design, and control. This book is suitable for anyone with a basic engineering background. The practical considerations, design issues, and engineering techniques, and the snapshot-style presentation of advanced theory and concepts, makes this a useful reference for practicing professionals as well.

Arvustused

"On the basis of what I have seen so far, this would appear to be a book very well-suited to a first course in Mechanics of Materials (etc.). Topics are explained in an admirable degree of detail, which should make the book particularly student-friendly. The author brings a wealth of practical experience, with good examples from engineering practice." Professor Roger T. Fenner, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK

"I like the presentation style that each part starts with a concise itemized objective statement; then the basic knowledge is presented with both figures and concise descriptions and equations; after that, examples with learning objectives are given; finally a concise summary sheet is given. The selection of topics is very good." Simon X. Yang, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada

" very clear and the presentations are very easy to follow. Through the use of many examples in the specific application domains, such as automobiles, airplanes, robots, machine tools, engines, bridges, elevated guideways, and buildings, this book bridges the fundamental gap between the existing research literatures and educational texts and provides a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the key concepts, difficulties and current developments of mechanics of materials. It will serve well both undergraduates and graduates as an outstanding text it pertains to, and in the meantime, it elegantly stands out many important research topics and issues on the modeling, analysis, simulation, design, operation, testing, and diagnosis of relevant engineering systems, which will be very helpful for engineers and researchers in these areas." Peter X. Liu, Carleton University

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Author xvii
Chapter 1 Mechanics of Materials
1(14)
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
1.1 What Is Mechanics of Materials?
1(1)
1.2 Subject Definition
1(2)
1.3 Application of the Subject
3(1)
1.4 Applicable Engineering Fields
4(1)
1.5 Useful Terms
5(2)
1.6 History of Mechanics of Materials
7(1)
1.7 Basic Problem Scenarios
8(1)
1.8 Problem Solution
8(2)
1.8.1 Problem Solution Steps
10(1)
1.9 Organization of the Book
10(5)
Problems
12(3)
Chapter 2 Statics: A Review
15(42)
Chapter Objectives
15(1)
2.1 Statics
15(3)
2.1.1 Equations of Equilibrium
15(3)
2.2 Support Reactions
18(6)
2.2.1 Free-Body Diagrams
18(4)
2.2.2 Principle of Transmissibility
22(2)
2.3 Analysis of Trusses
24(10)
2.3.1 Method of Joints
24(1)
2.3.2 Method of Sections
25(1)
2.3.3 Two-Force Members
25(9)
2.4 Distributed Forces
34(10)
2.5 Statically Indeterminate Structures
44(13)
Problems
47(10)
Chapter 3 Stress
57(42)
Chapter Objectives
57(1)
3.1 Introduction
57(1)
3.2 Definition of Stress
58(2)
3.3 Normal Stress under Axial Loading
60(8)
3.3.1 Solution Steps for Stress Problems
62(4)
3.3.2 Axial Force Diagram
66(2)
3.4 Bearing Stress
68(3)
3.5 Shear Stress
71(11)
3.5.1 Average Shear Stress
71(6)
3.5.2 Single Shear and Double Shear Connectors
77(1)
3.5.3 Shear Stress in a Key
78(2)
3.5.4 Complementarity Property of Shear Stress
80(2)
3.6 Stress Transformation in a Bar under Axial Loading
82(17)
Problems
89(10)
Chapter 4 Strain
99(34)
Chapter Objectives
99(1)
4.1 Introduction
99(1)
4.1.1 Types of Strain
100(1)
4.2 Normal Strain
100(8)
4.2.1 Local Normal Strain and Average Normal Strain
100(2)
4.2.1.1 Average Normal Strain
102(6)
4.3 Shear Strain
108(6)
4.3.1 Local Shear Strain and Average Shear Strain
108(1)
4.3.1.1 Average Shear Strain
109(5)
4.4 Thermal Strain
114(1)
4.4.1 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (a)
114(1)
4.5 Measurement of Strain
115(18)
4.5.1 Bridge Circuit
116(2)
4.5.2 Bridge Constant
118(1)
4.5.3 Calibration Constant
119(1)
Problems
120(13)
Chapter 5 Mechanical Properties of Materials
133(46)
Chapter Objectives
133(1)
5.1 Introduction
133(1)
5.1.1 Problem of Mechanics of Materials
133(1)
5.1.2 Homogeneity and Isotropy
134(1)
5.2 Stress-Strain Behavior
134(3)
5.2.1 Tensile Test
134(2)
5.2.2 Stress-Strain Diagram
136(1)
5.3 Stress-Strain Characteristics
137(6)
5.3.1 Strain Hardening (Work Hardening)
140(2)
5.3.2 Necking
142(1)
5.3.3 True Stress-Strain Diagram
142(1)
5.4 Hooke's Law
143(8)
5.5 Poisson's Ratio
151(4)
5.6 Material Types and Behavior
155(3)
5.6.1 Ductile Materials
155(1)
5.6.2 Ductility Measures
156(1)
5.6.3 Brittle Materials
157(1)
5.6.4 Hardness
157(1)
5.6.5 Creep
157(1)
5.6.6 Fatigue
158(1)
5.7 Strain Energy
158(21)
5.7.1 Strain Energy in Shear
161(1)
5.7.2 Modulus of Resilience
161(1)
5.7.3 Modulus of Toughness
162(3)
Problems
165(14)
Chapter 6 Axial Loading
179(54)
Chapter Objectives
179(1)
6.1 Introduction
179(2)
6.1.1 Basic Types of Loading
180(1)
6.1.2
Chapter Objectives
181(1)
6.2 Saint-Venant's Principle
181(2)
6.3 Axially Loaded Member
183(12)
6.3.1 Continuously Varying Nonuniform Section
184(9)
6.3.2 Multiple Segments of Uniform Cross Section
193(2)
6.4 Principle of Superposition
195(5)
6.4.1 Linear Elastic Systems
195(1)
6.4.2 Load Reversal
196(1)
6.4.3 Principle of Superposition
196(3)
6.4.4 Summary of PoS
199(1)
6.5 Statically Indeterminate Structures
200(4)
6.5.1 Solution Approach
200(4)
6.6 Thermal Effects
204(7)
6.6.1 Principle of Superposition Applied to Thermal Problems
208(3)
6.7 Stress Concentrations
211(22)
6.7.1 Nature of Stress Concentration
211(1)
6.7.2 Stress Concentration Factor
212(3)
6.7.3 Residual Stresses
215(2)
Problems
217(16)
Chapter 7 Torsion in Shafts
233(46)
Chapter Objectives
233(1)
7.1 Introduction
233(1)
7.1.1
Chapter Objectives
234(1)
7.2 Analysis of Circular Shafts
234(2)
7.2.1 Approach of the Analysis
235(1)
7.3 Formulation of Strain
236(6)
7.3.1 Sign Convention
238(2)
7.3.2 Geometry of Torsional Deformation
240(1)
7.3.3 Formulation of Strain
241(1)
7.4 Formulation of Stress
242(2)
7.4.1 Linear Elastic Case
242(1)
7.4.2 Polar Moment of Area
243(1)
7.4.3 Internal Torque at a Cross Section
243(1)
7.5 Angle of Twist
244(10)
7.6 Statically Indeterminate Torsional Members
254(6)
7.7 Solid Noncircular Shafts
260(3)
7.8 Thin-Walled Tubes
263(3)
7.8.1 Shear Stress Relation
263(3)
7.9 Composite Shafts
266(13)
Problems
270(9)
Chapter 8 Bending in Beams
279(70)
Chapter Objectives
279(1)
8.1 Introduction
279(1)
8.2 Shear and Moment Diagrams
279(16)
8.2.1 Steps of Derivation of Shear and Moment Diagrams
280(1)
8.2.2 Sign Convention
281(1)
8.2.3 Governing Relations
281(1)
8.2.4 Effect of Point Load on Shear and Moment
282(6)
8.2.5 Area Method (Graphical Method) for Shear Diagram and Moment Diagram
288(4)
8.2.6 Coordinate-Reversal Method
292(3)
8.3 Flexure Formula
295(11)
8.3.1 Neutral Surface and Neutral Axis
295(1)
8.3.2 Assumptions
296(1)
8.3.3 Flexure Analysis
296(4)
8.3.4 Application of the Flexure Formula
300(1)
8.3.5 Parallel Axis Theorem
300(1)
8.3.6 Area Removal Method
300(6)
8.4 Composite Beams
306(6)
8.4.1 Transformed Section Method
306(6)
8.5 Transverse Shear
312(7)
8.5.1 Shear Formula
312(4)
8.5.2 Shear Flow
316(3)
8.6 Beam Deflection
319(13)
8.6.1 Bending Moment-Deflection Relation
319(1)
8.6.2 Slope Relation
320(1)
8.6.3 Boundary Conditions
321(1)
8.6.4 Deflection by Integration
322(8)
8.6.5 Deflection by Superposition
330(2)
8.7 Statically Indeterminate Beams
332(17)
Problems
337(12)
Chapter 9 Stress and Strain Transformations
349(64)
Chapter Objectives
349(1)
9.1 Introduction
349(2)
9.1.1 Stress Transformation
349(1)
9.1.2 Strain Transformation
350(1)
9.1.3 Coordinate System
350(1)
9.2 Stress Transformation
351(10)
9.2.1 Specification of Stress
351(1)
9.2.2 Sign Convention
351(1)
9.2.3 General State of Stress
352(1)
9.2.4 Plane-Stress Problem
352(1)
9.2.5 Plane-Stress Transformation
352(3)
9.2.6 Principal Stresses
355(3)
9.2.7 Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress
358(3)
9.3 Mohr's Circle of Plane Stress
361(5)
9.3.1 Principal Stresses
363(1)
9.3.2 Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress
364(2)
9.4 Three-Dimensional State of Stress
366(6)
9.4.1 Stress Transformation in 3-D
367(1)
9.4.2 Principal Stresses in 3-D
367(1)
9.4.3 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress in Plane Stress
368(4)
9.5 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
372(8)
9.5.1 Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
372(2)
9.5.2 Hoop Stress
374(1)
9.5.3 Longitudinal Stress
374(1)
9.5.4 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress
375(4)
9.5.5 Spherical Pressure Vessels
379(1)
9.6 Strain Transformation
380(12)
9.6.1 Sign Convention
380(1)
9.6.2 General State of Strain
381(1)
9.6.3 Plane-Strain Problem
381(1)
9.6.4 Comparison of Plane-Stress and Plane-Strain Problems
381(1)
9.6.5 Plane-Strain Transformation
381(7)
9.6.6 Principal Strains
388(2)
9.6.7 Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain
390(2)
9.7 Mohr's Circle of Plane Strain
392(3)
9.7.1 Principal Strains
392(1)
9.7.2 Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain
393(2)
9.8 Three-Dimensional State of Strain
395(3)
9.8.1 Strain Transformation in 3-D
395(1)
9.8.2 Principal Strains in 3-D
396(1)
9.8.3 Absolute Maximum Shear Strain in Plane Strain
396(2)
9.9 Strain Measurement
398(2)
9.10 Theories of Failure
400(13)
9.10.1 Failure Theories for Ductile Material
401(1)
9.10.1.1 Maximum Shear Stress Theory
401(1)
9.10.1.2 Maximum Distortion Energy Theory
401(2)
9.10.2 Failure Theories for Brittle Material
403(1)
9.10.2.1 Maximum Normal Stress Theory
403(1)
9.10.2.2 Mohr's Failure Criterion
403(5)
Problems
408(5)
Appendix A Geometric Properties of Planar Shapes 413(2)
Appendix B Deflections and Slopes of Beams in Bending 415(4)
Appendix C Buckling of Columns 419(6)
Appendix D Advanced Topics 425(16)
Index 441
Dr. Clarence W. de Silva, P.E., Fellow ASME and Fellow IEEE, is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, and occupies the Senior Canada Research Chair Professorship in Mechatronics and Industrial Automation. He earned Ph.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA and the University of Cambridge, England, and received an honorary D.Eng. degree from University of Waterloo, Canada. De Silva has received several awards, made 32 keynote addresses at international conferences, and served as editor on 14 journals. He has 21 technical books, 18 edited books, 44 book chapters, 220 journal articles, and 250 conference papers in publication.
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