Preface |
|
xi | |
|
|
1 | (28) |
|
1 Introduction mechatronics |
|
|
3 | (26) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.1 What is mechatronics? |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (12) |
|
1.6 Programmable logic controller |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
1.7 Examples of mechatronic systems |
|
|
22 | (7) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
II Sensors and signal conditioning |
|
|
29 | (146) |
|
2 Sensors and transducers |
|
|
31 | (47) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.1 Sensors and transducers |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.2 Performance terminology |
|
|
32 | (5) |
|
2.3 Displacement, position and proximity |
|
|
37 | (17) |
|
|
54 | (3) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (4) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
2.11 Selection of sensors |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
2.12 Inputting data by switches |
|
|
71 | (7) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
75 | (3) |
|
|
78 | (25) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
3.2 The operational amplifier |
|
|
79 | (11) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (5) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
3.7 Problems with signals |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
|
100 | (3) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
|
103 | (18) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
4.2 Analogue and digital signals |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
4.3 Digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital converters |
|
|
107 | (6) |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
4.6 Digital signal processing |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
4.7 Digital signal communications |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (25) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (8) |
|
5.3 Applications of logic gates |
|
|
130 | (5) |
|
|
135 | (11) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (3) |
|
6 Data presentation systems |
|
|
146 | (29) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
6.2 Data presentation elements |
|
|
147 | (5) |
|
|
152 | (5) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (5) |
|
6.6 Data acquisition systems |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
6.8 Testing and calibration |
|
|
169 | (6) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (3) |
|
|
175 | (82) |
|
7 Pneumatic and hydraulic actuation Systems |
|
|
177 | (24) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
7.2 Pneumatic and hydraulic systems |
|
|
177 | (4) |
|
7.3 Directional control valves |
|
|
181 | (5) |
|
7.4 Pressure control valves |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
|
188 | (4) |
|
7.6 Servo and proportional control valves |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
7.7 Process control valves |
|
|
193 | (8) |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
8 Mechanical actuation systems |
|
|
201 | (21) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
|
204 | (4) |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
|
210 | (4) |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
8.7 Belt and chain drives |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
8.9 Electromechanical linear actuators |
|
|
218 | (4) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
9 Electrical actuation systems |
|
|
222 | (35) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
|
224 | (7) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
9.5 Direct current motors |
|
|
232 | (9) |
|
9.6 Alternating current motors |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
|
243 | (7) |
|
9.8 Direct current servomotors |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
251 | (6) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
IV Microprocessor systems |
|
|
257 | (190) |
|
10 Microprocessors and microcontrollers |
|
|
259 | (42) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
10.2 Microprocessor systems |
|
|
259 | (11) |
|
|
270 | (26) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (4) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (28) |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
11.2 Assembly language programs |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
|
304 | (13) |
|
|
317 | (4) |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
|
324 | (5) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (25) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (7) |
|
|
336 | (4) |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
12.7 Examples of programs |
|
|
345 | (3) |
|
|
348 | (6) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
|
354 | (28) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
13.2 Input/output addressing |
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
13.3 Interface requirements |
|
|
357 | (7) |
|
13.4 Peripheral interface adapters |
|
|
364 | (5) |
|
13.5 Serial communications interface |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
13.6 Examples of interfacing |
|
|
372 | (10) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
14 Programmable logic controllers |
|
|
382 | (27) |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
14.1 Programmable logic controller |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
382 | (4) |
|
14.3 Input/output processing |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (4) |
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
14.6 Latching and internal relays |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
14.10 Master and jump controls |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
14.12 Analogue input/output |
|
|
404 | (5) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
|
409 | (24) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
15.1 Digital communications |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
15.2 Centralised, hierarchical and distributed control |
|
|
409 | (3) |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
15.5 Open Systems Interconnection communication model |
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
15.6 Serial communication interfaces |
|
|
418 | (9) |
|
15.7 Parallel communication interfaces |
|
|
427 | (3) |
|
15.8 Wireless communications |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (14) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
16.1 Fault-detection techniques |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
16.3 Parity and error coding checks |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
16.4 Common hardware faults |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
16.5 Microprocessor systems |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
16.6 Evaluation and simulation |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (5) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
|
447 | (140) |
|
|
449 | (26) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
17.2 Mechanical system building blocks |
|
|
450 | (8) |
|
17.3 Electrical system building blocks |
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
17.4 Fluid system building blocks |
|
|
462 | (7) |
|
17.5 Thermal system building blocks |
|
|
469 | (6) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
475 | (10) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
18.2 Rotational-translational systems |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
18.3 Electromechanical systems |
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
18.5 Hydraulic-mechanical systems |
|
|
481 | (4) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
19 Dynamic responses of systems |
|
|
485 | (24) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
19.1 Modelling dynamic systems |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
488 | (6) |
|
19.4 Second-order systems |
|
|
494 | (7) |
|
19.5 Performance measures for second-order systems |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
19.6 System identification |
|
|
504 | (5) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
20 System transfer functions |
|
|
509 | (15) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
20.1 The transfer function |
|
|
509 | (3) |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
20.3 Second-order systems |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
20.5 Systems with feedback loops |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
20.6 Effect of pole location on transient response |
|
|
519 | (5) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
524 | (22) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
|
530 | (9) |
|
21.5 Performance specifications |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
|
541 | (5) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
22 Closed-loop controllers |
|
|
546 | (25) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
22.2 Two-step or on/off mode |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
22.3 Proportional mode of control |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
22.4 Integral mode of control |
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
22.5 Derivative mode of control |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
22.7 Digital control systems |
|
|
559 | (5) |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (4) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
23 Artificial Intelligence |
|
|
571 | (16) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
23.1 What is meant by artificial intelligence? |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
23.2 Perception and cognition |
|
|
572 | (3) |
|
|
575 | (12) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (40) |
|
|
589 | (38) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (11) |
|
|
600 | (6) |
|
|
606 | (21) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
627 | (42) |
|
|
629 | (10) |
|
A.1 The Laplace transform |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
A.2 Unit steps and impulses |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
A.3 Standard Laplace transforms |
|
|
632 | (4) |
|
A.4 The inverse transform |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
639 | (6) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (24) |
|
C.1 Laws of Boolean algebra |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
C.3 Boolean function generation from truth tables |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
|
649 | (3) |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
654 | (15) |
Index |
|
669 | |