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E-raamat: Medially-Placed Linking Adverbials in Written Academic English: Usage Patterns and Functions

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Medially-Placed Linking Adverbials in Written Academic English: Usage Patterns and FunctionsSuurem pilt
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This book explores the usage patterns and functions of medially-placed linking adverbials in written academic English. It shows that medial placement can be regarded as a focusing strategy and that different medial positions are associated with distinct discourse functions, such as the marking of the information structure of a sentence.



In Present-Day English, the only flexible sentence constituent in unmarked
declarative sentences is the adverbial, which can often be placed in initial, medial, or end position. This book presents the first empirical and corpus-based study on the usage patterns and functions of medially-placed linking adverbials in conceptually-written academic English. By combining quantitative with detailed qualitative analyses of selected corpus examples, the present study explores whether the placement of linking adverbials in medial position can be regarded as a focusing strategy, similar to focusing adverbs and cleft sentences. Moreover, it investigates whether different medial positions are associated with distinct discourse functions, such as the marking of contrastive topics or different
focus meanings.
Acknowledgements 5(8)
List of Figures
13(4)
List of Tables
17(4)
List of Abbreviations
21(2)
1 Introduction
23(6)
1.1 Medial Placement of Linking Adverbials in Present-Day English
23(2)
1.2 Aims of the Study
25(1)
1.3 Structure of the Study
26(3)
2 Linking Adverbials
29(20)
2.1 The Category Adverbial': Overview
29(9)
2.1.1 Characteristic Features
29(1)
2.1.2 Classification of Adverbials
30(3)
2.1.3 Adverbial Positions
33(1)
2.1.3.1 Initial Position
34(1)
2.1.3.2 Medial Position(s)
35(2)
2.1.3.3 End Position
37(1)
2.1.3.4 Pre-End Position
38(1)
2.2 General Characteristics
38(3)
2.3 Semantic Categories
41(3)
2.4 Register Preferences
44(2)
2.5 Positional Distribution
46(2)
2.6 Summary
48(1)
3 Interplay between Adverbial Placement and Information Structure
49(44)
3.1 Information Structure
50(31)
3.1.1 Introduction
50(1)
3.1.2 Basic Terms and Concepts
51(1)
3.1.2.1 The Topic-Comment Distinction
51(4)
3.1.2.2 Frame-Setting and Delimitation
55(1)
3.1.2.3 Focus
56(5)
3.1.2.4 Information Status
61(4)
3.1.3 Information Structure after the Loss of V2
65(1)
3.1.4 Focusing Adverbs and Information-Packaging Constructions
66(1)
3.1.4.1 Focusing Adverbs
66(5)
3.1.4.2 Information-Packaging Constructions
71(7)
3.1.5 The `Nacherstposition' in Present-Day German as a Focusing Strategy
78(2)
3.1.6 Summary
80(1)
3.2 Adverbial Placement and Information Structure
81(12)
3.2.1 Positioning of Circumstance and Stance Adverbials
81(3)
3.2.2 Positioning of Linking Adverbials
84(1)
3.2.2.1 Reference Grammars and Style Guides/Usage Manuals
84(2)
3.2.2.2 Previous Research
86(5)
3.2.3 Summary
91(2)
4 Material and Method
93(16)
4.1 Corpora
93(5)
4.1.1 The Reith Lectures of the BBC
94(2)
4.1.2 The BNC and the COCA
96(2)
4.2 Selection Process and Data Retrieval of the Linking Adverbials Investigated in the Present Study
98(3)
4.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses
101(8)
4.3.1 Annotation Levels
102(2)
4.3.2 Analysis of Information Structure
104(5)
5 Positional Distribution of Linking Adverbials in Written Academic English: Overview
109(6)
6 The Central Case of however. Usage Patterns and Functions
115(50)
6.1 however
115(1)
6.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
116(4)
6.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
120(2)
6.4 Functions in Medial Position Ml
122(7)
6.5 Functions in Medial Positions M2-M3
129(12)
6.6 Functions in Medial Positions M4-M9
141(10)
6.6.1 Positions M4-M6
141(5)
6.6.2 Position M7
146(2)
6.6.3 Position M8
148(2)
6.6.4 Position M9
150(1)
6.7 Initial Position
151(5)
6.8 End Position
156(1)
6.9 Pre-End Position
157(1)
6.10 `Other'
158(1)
6.11 Special Syntactic Constructions
159(4)
6.12 Summary
163(2)
7 By contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, and on the other hand: Usage Patterns and Functions
165(16)
7.1 By contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, and on the other hand
165(2)
7.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
167(4)
7.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
171(2)
7.4 Functions in Medial Positions
173(4)
7.5 `Other'
177(4)
8 nevertheless: Usage Patterns and Functions
181(6)
8.1 nevertheless
181(1)
8.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
181(3)
8.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
184(1)
8.4 Functions in Medial Positions
185(2)
9 Therefore and thus: Usage Patterns and Functions
187(14)
9.1 Therefore and thus
187(1)
9.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
188(4)
9.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
192(1)
9.4 Functions in Medial Positions
193(8)
10 In other words and in short Usage Patterns and Functions
201(8)
10.1 In other words and in short
201(1)
10.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
201(3)
10.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
204(1)
10.4 Functions in Medial Positions
205(4)
11 Furthermore and Moreover. Usage Patterns and Functions
209(8)
11.1 Furthermore and Moreover
209(1)
11.2 Positional Distribution: Overview
210(2)
11.3 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
212(1)
11.4 Functions in Medial Positions
213(4)
12 Factors Influencing the Variation between Initial and Medial Position
217(10)
12.1 User-Based Factors
217(1)
12.2 Individual Author Preferences
218(2)
12.3 The Role of Style Guides and/or Usage Manuals
220(1)
12.4 The Role of Discipline Conventions
221(6)
13 Medially-Placed Markers of Epistemicity and Evidentiality: Usage Patterns and Functions
227(38)
13.1 Epistemic Modality and Evidentiality
228(1)
13.2 Epistemic Adverbs
229(4)
13.3 Medially-Placed / think, I believe, and it seems
233(25)
13.3.1 Definition of'parenthetical' and `comment clause'
233(5)
13.3.2 Functions of J think, I believe, and it seems
238(4)
13.3.3 Positional Distribution: Overview
242(3)
13.3.4 Formal Realization of the Subject Constituent
245(1)
13.3.5 Functions in Medial Positions
246(7)
13.3.6 Phrases other than I believe, I think, and it seems
253(5)
13.4 Medially-Placed Reporting Clauses
258(7)
13.4.1 Definition
258(3)
13.4.2 Functions in Medial Positions
261(4)
14 Conclusion
265
References
271(18)
Appendix A ToBI Labels Used in the Present Study
289(2)
Appendix B Overview of Linking Adverbials and Comment Clauses Included in the Present Study
291(2)
Appendix C Parenthetical I think, I believe, and it seems
293(6)
C.1 Positional Distribution as Attested in each Dataset
293(1)
C.2 Individual Medial Positions
294(5)
Appendix D The Reith Lectures of the BBC
299
Carolin Harthan holds a PhD degree in English Linguistics and Medieval English Literature from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), where she has been working as a research assistant at the Chair of English Linguistics and Medieval Literature. Her research interests include adverbial placement, information structure, pragmatics, and syntax.
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