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E-raamat: Membrane-Distillation in Desalination

(Qatar University, Doha)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498748551
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Membrane-Distillation in DesalinationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498748551
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Membrane-Distillation in Desalination is an attempt to provide the latest knowledge, state of the art and demystify outstanding issues that delay the deployment of the technology on a large scale.

It includes new updates and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of membrane distillation technology and explains the energy advantage of membrane distillation for desalination when compared to traditional techniques such as thermal or reverse osmosis.

The book includes the latest pilot test results from around the world on membrane distillation desalination.
Preface xi
Author xiii
1 The Water Nexus and Desalination 1(18)
1.1 Introduction: The Twenty-First Century Context for the Pursuit of Sustainable Water Resources
1(5)
1.2 Increasing Water Supply
6(1)
1.3 Exploiting the Vast Salty Water Resources: Desalination
7(4)
1.3.1 Lessons from Desalination Literature and Industrial Practice
9(2)
1.4 Improved Environmental Impacts on the Ecosystem
11(1)
1.5 Prospects of Solar Energy in Desalination
11(1)
1.6 Concluding Remarks
12(1)
References
13(6)
2 Membrane Distillation Desalination Principles and Configurations 19(14)
2.1 Membrane Distillation: Fast Growing Research Topic for Desalination
19(2)
2.2 Membrane Distillation Principles
21(1)
2.3 Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD)
22(3)
2.4 Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD)
25(1)
2.5 Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD)
26(1)
2.6 Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation (SGMD)
26(1)
2.7 Concluding Remarks
27(1)
References
27(6)
3 Membranes for Membrane Distillation in Desalination 33(16)
3.1 Introduction
33(2)
3.2 Membrane Hydrophobicity
35(1)
3.2.1 Definition of Hydrophobicity in Membranes for Membrane Distillation
35(1)
3.3 Materials for Hydrophobic Membranes
36(1)
3.4 Membrane Shape
37(2)
3.5 Hydrophobic Membrane Characterization
39(4)
3.5.1 Contact Angle
40(1)
3.5.2 Liquid Entry Pressure
41(1)
3.5.3 Membrane Pore Size and Porosity
42(1)
3.5.4 Membrane Thickness
42(1)
3.5.5 Pore Tortuosity
42(1)
3.5.6 Thermal Conductivity
42(1)
3.5.7 Concluding Remarks
43(1)
References
43(6)
4 Membrane Distillation Module Design 49(24)
4.1 Introduction
49(5)
4.2 Module Geometric Considerations
54(10)
4.2.1 Rectangular Modules
59(1)
4.2.2 Cylindrical Modules
60(4)
4.3 Novel Module Configurations
64(1)
4.4 Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer Considerations: Qualitative Considerations
64(2)
4.5 Practical Considerations
66(1)
4.6 Concluding Remarks
67(1)
References
67(6)
5 Membrane Distillation Performance Analysis 73(28)
5.1 Introduction
73(5)
5.2 Distillate Flux Performance
78(7)
5.2.1 Flat Sheet Membranes
78(6)
5.2.1.1 Effect of Membrane Properties: Material, Thickness, Pore Size, Pore Size Distribution
78(1)
5.2.1.2 Effect of Temperature
79(1)
5.2.1.3 Effect of Flowrates and Feed Recirculation
80(2)
5.2.1.4 Effect of Turbulence Promoters (Spacers)
82(1)
5.2.1.5 Effect of Flow Direction (Counter-Current vs Co-current)
83(1)
5.2.1.6 Effect of Feed Concentration
83(1)
5.2.2 Hollow Fiber (Capillary Membranes)
84(1)
5.2.3 Multistage MD Systems and Novel Module Design
85(1)
5.3 Energy Efficiency
85(4)
5.4 Distillate Quality
89(1)
5.5 Field Testing
89(2)
5.6 Membrane Distillation System Optimization
91(1)
5.7 Concluding Remarks
91(1)
References
91(10)
6 Membrane Fouling and Scaling in Membrane Distillation 101(16)
6.1 Introduction
101(6)
6.2 Flux and Flux Decline in Membrane Distillation
107(2)
6.3 Fouling and Scaling in Membrane Distillation
109(1)
6.4 Membrane Autopsy Techniques in Membrane Distillation
110(1)
6.5 Membrane Wetting and Distillate Quality Deterioration
110(1)
6.6 Fouling Mitigation Measure in Membrane Distillation
111(1)
6.7 Future Directions in Membrane Fouling Resistance Efforts
111(1)
6.8 Concluding Remarks
112(1)
References
112(5)
7 Membrane Improvement in Membrane Distillation 117(16)
7.1 Introduction
117(2)
7.2 Membrane Material and Surface Modifications
119(3)
7.2.1 Enhancing Membrane Flux
119(1)
7.2.2 Enhanced Membrane Hydrophobicity and Wetting Resistance
120(1)
7.2.3 Enhanced Mechanical Properties
121(1)
7.3 New and Novel Membrane Distillation Membranes
122(1)
7.4 Omniphobic and Amphiphobic Membranes
122(3)
7.5 Bioinspired MD Membranes
125(1)
7.6 Novel Janus Membranes
125(1)
7.7 Concluding Remarks
125(1)
References
126(7)
8 Modeling of Membrane Distillation 133(24)
8.1 Introduction
133(3)
8.2 Types of Models for Membrane Distillation
136(4)
8.3 Model Formulation
140(6)
8.4 Models for Various Membrane Distillation Configurations
146(1)
8.5 Models Output
146(1)
8.6 Main Challenges in Membrane Distillation Modeling
146(1)
8.7 Emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Membrane Distillation Modeling
147(1)
8.8 Concluding Remarks
147(1)
References
148(9)
9 Low-Carbon Energy Sources for Membrane Distillation Processes for Desalination 157(16)
9.1 Introduction
157(4)
9.1.1 Low-Grade Waste Heat
158(1)
9.1.2 Solar Energy Harvesting for Desalination
158(1)
9.1.3 Low-Grade Waste and Solar Energy Recovery for Membrane Distillation Desalination
159(2)
9.2 Low-Grade Heat Sources and Utilization in Membrane Distillation
161(3)
9.3 Solar Energy Sources for Membrane Distillation
164(3)
9.4 Main Challenges in Tapping Low-Grade Heat in Membrane Distillation
167(1)
9.5 Main Challenges in Tapping Solar Energy in Membrane Distillation
167(1)
9.6 Concluding Remarks
168(1)
References
169(4)
10 Conclusions and Future Horizons for Membrane Distillation Desalination 173(6)
10.1 Introduction
173(1)
10.2 Outstanding Issues That Hinder Commercial Deployment of Membrane Distillation for Desalination
173(1)
10.3 Cost Competitivity Issues
174(1)
10.4 Sustainability Issues of Membranes for Membrane Distillation
175(1)
10.5 Target Applications of Membrane Distillation for Desalination
175(1)
10.6 Emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Membrane Distillation Modeling
176(1)
References
176(3)
Index 179
Farid Benyahia is a professor of chemical engineering and fellow of the institution of chemical engineers, currently affiliated to the school of chemical engineering at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. He held previously positions of faculty member and head of department in the Gulf and was prior to that senior lecturer in the United Kingdom. He was educated at the Universities of Newcastle and Aston in the United Kingdom. His research interests include low carbon desalination, carbon management, concentrated brine management, contaminated soils and water treatment, and multiphase reactor systems.
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