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  • Formaat: 428 pages
  • Sari: Psychology Revivals
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Psychology Press Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781317515296

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In the course of their researches for Mental Imagery in the Child (1971), the authors came to appreciate that action may be more conducive to the formation and conservation of images than is mere perception. This raised the problem of memory and its relation to intelligence, which they examine in this title, originally published in English in 1973.

Through the analysis primarily of the child’s capacity for remembering additive and multiplicative logical structures, and his remembrance of causal and spatial structures, the authors investigate whether memories pursue their own course, regardless of the intelligence or whether, in specified conditions, mnemonic improvements may be due to progress in intelligence. They examine the relationship between the memory’s figurative aspects (from perceptive recognition to the memory-image) and its operational aspects (the schemata of the intelligence), and stress the fundamental significance of the mnemonic level known as the ‘reconstructive memory’. This was a pioneering work at the time, presenting illuminating conclusions drawn from extensive research, together with a number of constructive ideas which opened up a fresh approach to an important area of educational psychology.

Preface x
Collaborators in this Work xii
Introduction The Problem of the Memory and its Place among the Cognitive Functions 1(28)
1 Remembrance and the conservation of the past
2(6)
2 The place of the memory in the system of cognitive functions
8(6)
3 Problems for investigation
14(15)
PART I REMEMBERING ADDITIVE LOGICAL STRUCTURES
One Remembering a Simple Serial Configuration
29(21)
1 The problem
29(5)
2 Methods
34(1)
3 Results of Method I (second session)
35(3)
4 Results of Method II (second session)
38(2)
5 Recall after seven to eight months
40(7)
6 Improved remembrance of a series and the Ballard and Ward-Hovland phenomena
47(3)
Two Remembering an Af-Shaped Serial Configuration
50(12)
1 Methods and types of drawings
51(3)
2 General results
54(2)
3 Detailed analysis of changes between the first and tenth weeks and recognition
56(6)
Three Remembering Equivalent Numerical Sets Arranged in Different Rows
62(12)
1 Method and nature of the problem
63(2)
2 Mnemonic forms and levels
65(3)
3 Memory and operational schemata
68(3)
4 Recall after several months
71(3)
Four The Remembrance of Conflicting Numerical and Spatial Correspondences
74(24)
1 The basic experiment
76(5)
2 Remembrance after six months
81(2)
3 Improvements in the memory when the element A' is compressed
83(4)
4 The reappearance of the conflict between numerical correspondences
87(6)
5 Conclusions
93(5)
Five The Remembrance of Transitive Relations
98(17)
1 Experimental material and procedure
98(3)
2 The operational reactions
101(2)
3 Remembrance at pre-operational Stage I
103(5)
4 Remembrance at intermediate Stage II and at operational Stage HI
108(2)
5 Memory changes with time as expressed in drawings and manipulative reconstructions
110(5)
Six Remembering Associative Operations
115(28)
1 Methods used
118(2)
2 Results of Method I (liquids) after a week
120(3)
3 The results obtained with Method I after six months (recall and reconstruction) and the results of a new presentation followed by a third test of recall
123(4)
4 Method II (triangles) and results after a week
127(6)
5 Recognition of triangles after an hour
133(10)
PART II REMEMBERING MULTIPLICATIVE LOGICAL STRUCTURES
Seven The Remembrance of Double Serial Correspondences
143(13)
1 Methods used and mnemonic levels
144(3)
2 General results
147(4)
3 Remembrance of a symmetrical Gestalt composed of the same sixteen elements
151(5)
Eight The Remembrance of Double Classifications
156(16)
1 Methods and levels
157(3)
2 Responses an hour and a week after presentation
160(2)
3 Remembrance after six months
162(3)
4 Remembrance of a poor figurative presentation of a logical multiplication
165(7)
Nine The Remembrance of Class Intersections
172(17)
1 Method and mnemonic levels
174(3)
2 Responses after one week
177(4)
3 Responses after six months
181(8)
Ten The Remembrance of an Arrangement
189(10)
1 Method and memory levels
189(3)
2 General results
192(2)
3 The memory after six months
194(5)
PART III THE REMEMBRANCE OF CAUSAL STRUCTURES
Eleven Remembering a Causal Process Represented by Levers
199(13)
1 Method and problems
199(3)
2 Stage I
202(3)
3 Stages II and III
205(3)
4 The memory after six months
208(2)
5 Conclusion
210(2)
Twelve The Remembrance of a Transmitted Motion
212(12)
1 Method and mnemonic levels
213(1)
2 Level I
214(2)
3 Level II
216(2)
4 Level III
218(2)
5 The development of the memory during three successive sessions
220(2)
6 Conclusion
222(2)
Thirteen Remembrance of an Incomprehensible Causal Process
224(14)
1 Method and levels
224(3)
2 Level I
227(2)
3 Level II
229(3)
4 Level III
232(2)
5 Conclusions
234(4)
Fourteen The Remembrance and Growing Appreciation of a Causal Problem
238(29)
1 Method I and mnemonic levels
239(2)
2 Comparison of immediate recall with recall after a week
241(5)
3 Recall after six months
246(2)
4 Recognition by selection
248(4)
5 Methods II to IV (designed to increase awareness of the problem)
252(10)
6 Conclusions
262(5)
PART IV THE REMEMBRANCE OF SPATIAL STRUCTURES
Fifteen The Remembrance of a Geometrical Transformation (Rotation)
267(28)
1 Method
269(1)
2 Mnemonic levels an hour and a week after presentation
270(12)
3 Memory-drawings and reconstructions six months after presentation
282(4)
4 Recognition after nine to ten months
286(4)
5 The figurative memory-image, the remembrance of transformations and the corresponding operational level
290(5)
Sixteen The Remembrance of Horizontal Levels
295(14)
1 The recumbent bottle
296(3)
2 The inclined bottle
299(5)
3 Conclusions
304(5)
Seventeen Remembrance of Three Triangles of Different Shape and Equal Area
309(11)
1 The development of memory-drawings with age
311(3)
2 Recognition one week and six months after presentation
314(2)
3 Remembrance several months after the presentation
316(1)
4 Recall of shapes and the conservation of areas
317(3)
Eighteen Remembrance of the Positions and Orientations of a Moving Body
320(11)
1 The main method
321(3)
2 The control experiments
324(4)
3 Conclusions
328(3)
Nineteen Remembrance of Contingent Figural Combinations with or without Classification
331(29)
1 Methods
332(1)
2 Recognition of the model
333(3)
3 Results with Method I one hour after presentation
336(11)
4 The results of Method II one week after presentation
347(2)
5 The memory after several months
349(6)
6 Conclusion: the nature of the reconstructive memory
355(5)
Twenty The Reconstruction of a Geometrical Configuration with Partly Regular and Partly Contingent Elements
360(18)
1 Methods used
362(1)
2 The hierarchy of characteristics
363(8)
3 The evolution of the memory
371(8)
General Conclusion 378(33)
1 The development of the memory with age
379(4)
2 Memory transformations during retention and mnemonic inferences
383(4)
3 The relations between the memory and the intelligence and successive levels of schematization
387(8)
4 The figurative and operative aspects of the memory and its functional unity
395(16)
Index 411
Jean Piaget, Ba?rbel Inhelder