| Preface |
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ix | |
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xi | |
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1 Nanomaterials: Specificities of Properties and Synthesis |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Specific Properties of Nanoparticles |
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2 | (11) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1.3 The Influence of Size Effect on Thermodynamic, Structure, and Reactivity of Oxide Nanoparticles |
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7 | (6) |
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1.2 Specificity and Requirements in the Fabrication Methods of Nanoparticles |
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13 | (6) |
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2 Water and Metal Cations in Solution |
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19 | (30) |
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2.1 Water as Solvent, Physicochemistry of the Liquid |
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20 | (10) |
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2.1.1 Electronic Structure of the Water Molecule |
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20 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Structure of Liquid Water |
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22 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Hydration of Ions and Structure of Solutions |
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24 | (4) |
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2.1.4 Water under Hydrothermal Conditions |
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28 | (2) |
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2.2 Acidity and Cation Speciation |
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30 | (6) |
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2.3 Mechanisms of Hydroxylation and Redox Reactions in Solution |
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36 | (2) |
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2.4 Evaluation of Partial Charges on Atoms in Combination |
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38 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Ionocovalency and Partial Charges |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Partial Charges Model |
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41 | (8) |
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3 Condensation in Solution: Polycations and Polyanions |
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49 | (58) |
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3.1 Hydroxylation and Condensation of Cations |
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49 | (8) |
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3.1.1 Mechanisms and Structural Considerations |
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50 | (5) |
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3.1.2 The Different Behaviors of Cations Against Condensation |
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55 | (2) |
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3.2 Olation: Formation of Polycations |
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57 | (7) |
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3.2.1 Mechanisms and Structural Considerations |
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57 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Chromium III Polycations |
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61 | (3) |
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3.3 Oxolation: Formation of Polyanions |
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64 | (43) |
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3.3.1 Elements of the p-Block |
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66 | (6) |
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3.3.2 Transition Elements under High Oxidation States: Polyoxometalates |
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72 | (35) |
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4 Precipitation: Structures and Mechanisms |
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107 | (74) |
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4.1 The Formation of Solids: Thermodynamics and Crystal Structure |
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108 | (41) |
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108 | (8) |
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4.1.2 Layered Double Hydroxides |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (5) |
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4.1.4 Tetra-and Pentavalent Elements |
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124 | (7) |
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4.1.5 Transition Elements under High Oxidation States |
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131 | (12) |
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143 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Polymetallic Oxides |
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143 | (6) |
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4.2 Kinetics of Precipitation and Mechanisms of Crystallization |
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149 | (32) |
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4.2.1 The Steps in the Formation of a Solid |
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150 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Nucleation and Growth: Energetics and Dynamics |
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152 | (9) |
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4.2.3 Mechanisms of Crystallization: Structural and Morphological Evolution of Oxide Nanoparticles in Suspension |
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161 | (11) |
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4.2.4 Effect of Microwave Heating on Crystallization in Solution |
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172 | (9) |
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5 Surface Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Oxides |
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181 | (46) |
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5.1 The Oxide-Solution Interface |
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182 | (9) |
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5.1.1 Origin of the Electrostatic Surface Charge |
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182 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Surface Acidity: Multisite Complexation Modeling |
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184 | (7) |
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5.2 Solvation and Structure of the Solid-Solution Interface |
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191 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Solvation of Particles |
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191 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Surface-Electrolyte Interactions |
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193 | (4) |
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5.3 Stability of Nanoparticle Dispersions Against Aggregation |
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197 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Van der Waals Forces |
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198 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Electrostatic Forces |
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199 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Total Potential Energy of the Interaction |
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199 | (3) |
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5.4 Surface Reactivity: Adsorption |
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202 | (25) |
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5.4.1 Electrostatic Interactions, Outer-Sphere Surface Complexes |
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202 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Specific Interactions: Inner-Sphere Surface Complexes |
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203 | (8) |
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5.4.3 Adsorption and Transfers Through the Oxide-Solution Interface |
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211 | (5) |
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5.4.4 Adsorption and Surface Energy: Role of Acidity in Particle Size and Morphology |
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216 | (11) |
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6 Aluminum Oxides: Alumina and Aluminosilicates |
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227 | (36) |
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227 | (1) |
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6.2 Hydroxylation and Condensation in Solution: Polycations |
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228 | (9) |
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6.3 Formation of Solid Phases |
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237 | (26) |
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6.3.1 Aluminum Hydroxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Oxides |
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237 | (12) |
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249 | (14) |
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7 Iron Oxides: An Example of Structural Versatility |
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263 | (62) |
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7.1 Speciation of Iron and Condensation in Aqueous Solution |
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265 | (4) |
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7.2 Formation of Solid Phases |
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269 | (56) |
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7.2.1 Ferrous Hydroxide and Oxidized Derivatives: Feroxyhyte and Lepidocrocite |
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269 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Ferric Compounds: Ferrihydrite, Goethite, Hematite, Akaganeite |
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271 | (19) |
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7.2.3 Mixed Ferric-Ferrous Phases: Green Rusts and Magnetite |
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290 | (18) |
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7.2.4 Polymetallic Ferrites: Spinels, Hexaferrites, Garnets |
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308 | (17) |
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8 Titanium, Manganese, and Zirconium Dioxides |
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325 | (58) |
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8.1 Speciation of TiIV, MnIV, and ZrIV in Solution |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (24) |
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8.2.1 Precipitation of Ti4* Ions in Acidic to Neutral Media |
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329 | (9) |
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8.2.2 Transformation of Layered Titanates |
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338 | (5) |
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8.2.3 Oxidation of TiIII and Ti° in Acidic to Neutral Medium |
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343 | (4) |
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8.2.4 Synthesis of Barium Titanate BaTiO3 |
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347 | (4) |
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351 | (13) |
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8.3.1 The Main Crystal Phases of MnO2 Dioxide |
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351 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Precipitation of Manganese Oxides |
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353 | (11) |
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364 | (19) |
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8.4.1 The Crystal Varieties of Zirconia |
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365 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Precipitation of Zirconia |
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365 | (4) |
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8.4.3 Synthesis of Stabilized Zirconia |
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369 | (14) |
| Conclusion |
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383 | (2) |
| Index |
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385 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta