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xii | (7) |
About the authors |
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xix | (1) |
Acknowledgments |
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xx | (1) |
Preface |
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xxi | |
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1. The setting and introduction |
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1 | (6) |
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2. Location analysis for industry and service trades: comparative cost and other approaches |
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7 | (34) |
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7 | (1) |
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2.1 Industry location principles and the comparative cost approach |
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8 | (13) |
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2.1.1 Locational analysis for the iron and steel industry |
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10 | (4) |
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2.1.2 Analysis of the aluminum industry, and energy and other location factors |
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14 | (7) |
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2.2 Service trades location principles |
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21 | (3) |
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2.3 Spatial and location measures |
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24 | (7) |
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2.3.1 The location quotient |
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24 | (2) |
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2.3.2 The coefficient of localization |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3.3 The localization curve |
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27 | (4) |
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2.4 Geographic information systems(GIS) |
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31 | (4) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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3. Regional and interregional input-output analysis |
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41 | (94) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (27) |
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3.1.1 The statistical framework: input-output accounts |
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43 | (6) |
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3.1.2 Technical coefficients and the input-output model |
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49 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Input-output analysis |
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52 | (18) |
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3.2 Two or more regions: the interregional input-output (IRIO) system |
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70 | (11) |
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3.2.1 The statistical framework: interregional input-output accounts |
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70 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Technical and trade coefficients in the IRIO model |
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74 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Input-output analysis with the IRIO model |
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76 | (5) |
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3.3 Two or more regions: the multiregional input-output (MRIO) system |
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81 | (5) |
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3.3.1 The statistical framework: multiregional input-output accounts |
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81 | (4) |
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3.3.2 Input-output analysis with the MRIO model |
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85 | (1) |
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3.4 Constructing models from less than perfect data sets |
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86 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Survey-based tables |
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86 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Nonsurvey-based tables |
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87 | (6) |
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93 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Interregional connections |
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93 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Empirical implementation |
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94 | (1) |
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3.5 Fusion of comparative cost and input-output: editorial remarks |
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95 | (3) |
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Appendix 3.1 The commodity-industry approach in input-output models |
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98 | (4) |
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Appendix 3.2 Additional linkage measures from input-output data |
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102 | (2) |
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Appendix 3.3 Data for the two-region IRIO numerical example |
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104 | (1) |
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Appendix 3.4 The RAS approach to updating or regionalization of input-output tables |
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104 | (5) |
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109 | (11) |
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120 | (5) |
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Mathematical appendix. Elements of matrix algebra |
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125 | (10) |
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4. Regional and spatial econometric analysis |
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135 | (76) |
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135 | (3) |
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4.1 Econometric models and their uses |
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138 | (6) |
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4.1.1 The basic structure |
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138 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Three typical applications |
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139 | (5) |
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4.2 Some underlying statistical theory |
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144 | (13) |
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4.2.1 Desirable properties of estimators |
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144 | (4) |
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4.2.2 Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators |
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148 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Assumptions of OLS estimators |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (3) |
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4.3 Some problems of estimation |
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157 | (26) |
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4.3.1 Specification errors |
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157 | (10) |
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4.3.2 The expected value of the error term is not equal to zero |
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167 | (2) |
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4.3.3 The variance of the error term is not constant |
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169 | (4) |
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4.3.4 Correlated error terms |
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173 | (7) |
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4.3.5 Stochastic explanatory variables, multicollinearity, and measurement errors |
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180 | (3) |
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4.4 Other relevant econometric models |
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183 | (13) |
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4.4.1 The use of dummy variables |
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183 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Discrete choice models |
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185 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Pooled time-series and cross-section models |
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187 | (4) |
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4.4.4 Simultaneous equations models |
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191 | (5) |
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196 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Spatial heterogeneity |
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198 | (1) |
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4.6 The `art' of econometric model building |
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199 | (2) |
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4.7 Fusion of econometrics and input-output: some editorial remarks |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (5) |
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208 | (3) |
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5. Programming and industrial and urban complex analysis |
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211 | (32) |
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211 | (2) |
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5.1 A simple linear programming problem: a graphic solution |
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213 | (7) |
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5.2 Basic aspects of nonlinear programming |
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220 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Introduction of multiple types of constraints |
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222 | (3) |
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5.3 Industrial complex analysis as interregional programming |
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225 | (10) |
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5.4 Urban and other complexes |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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6. Gravity and spatial interaction models |
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243 | (38) |
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243 | (1) |
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6.1 A simple probability point of view |
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244 | (6) |
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6.2 Definition and measurement of mass |
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250 | (3) |
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6.3 Definitions and measures of distance |
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253 | (1) |
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6.4 Functional forms for spatial separation |
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253 | (4) |
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6.5 Constrained gravity (spatial interaction) models |
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257 | (6) |
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6.6 Calibration, tests and applications of spatial interaction models |
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263 | (9) |
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6.6.1 The use of OLS (ordinary least squares) to test the effect of distance, cooperation and hostility upon trade of nations |
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264 | (5) |
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6.6.2 The use of maximum likelihood in a policy oriented application with particular attention to characteristics of origins, destinations and types of distance (separation) measures |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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277 | (4) |
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7. Social accounting matrices and social accounting analysis |
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281 | (52) |
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281 | (2) |
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7.1 The overall conceptual framework |
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283 | (10) |
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7.2 Classification and disaggregation of accounts |
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293 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Production activities cum commodities |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Factors of production |
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296 | (2) |
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7.3 Data requirements in the construction of a SAM |
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298 | (2) |
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7.4 SAM multiplier analysis and extensions |
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300 | (17) |
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7.4.1 Unconstrained multipliers |
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300 | (6) |
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7.4.2 Constrained multipliers |
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306 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Structural path analysis and transmission of economic influence within the SAM framework |
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308 | (8) |
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7.4.4 SAM as the foundation of computable general equilibrium models |
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316 | (1) |
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7.5 Studies and applications based on the SAM |
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317 | (9) |
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317 | (1) |
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7.5.2 National applications |
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318 | (5) |
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7.5.3 A regional-interregional application: the two-region Indonesian SAM for 1980 |
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323 | (2) |
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7.5.4 A village application: impact of rural industrialization on village life and economy: a comparison of two Indian village SAMs |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (5) |
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8. Applied general interregional equilibrium |
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333 | (68) |
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333 | (3) |
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8.1 A highly simplified model introducing distance and transport inputs as basic variables |
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336 | (7) |
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8.1.1 The consumption subsystem |
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337 | (1) |
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8.1.2 The production subsystem |
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337 | (1) |
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8.1.3 The transport subsystem |
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338 | (1) |
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8.1.4 The market subsystem |
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339 | (4) |
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8.2 Transport inputs, location and trade in a two-country world |
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343 | (8) |
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8.2.1 The consumption subsystem |
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345 | (1) |
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8.2.2 The production system |
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345 | (1) |
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8.2.3 The transport subsystem |
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346 | (1) |
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8.2.4 The market subsystem |
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346 | (3) |
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8.2.5 The location problem in an applied general interregional equilibrium framework |
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349 | (2) |
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8.2.6 Some concluding remarks |
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351 | (1) |
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8.3 The scaffolding of a core social accounting matrix for an applied general interregional equilibrium (AGIE) model |
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351 | (22) |
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8.3.1 Trade in a two country/three region world: the scaffolding of an interregional (international) input-output core |
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351 | (8) |
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8.3.2 Extensions to obtain the scaffolding of a core social accounting frame: a top-down approach |
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359 | (7) |
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8.3.3 Extensions and generalizations to a multi-region, multi-country world |
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366 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Extensions with a bottoms-up approach to AGIE models |
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367 | (2) |
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8.3.5 The exploration of a Financial SAM and its fusion with a Real SAM |
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369 | (4) |
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8.4 Problems and questionable character of the basic assumptions of standard applied general equilibrium models |
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373 | (10) |
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8.4.1 Problems in representing the consumption subsystem |
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373 | (3) |
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8.4.2 Questionable character of the production subsystem |
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376 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Problems regarding scale economies in the transport and production subsystems, externalities, and market imperfections |
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378 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Questionable character of intertemporal analysis |
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379 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Problems of capturing behavior of governments, the Rest of the World and feedback sequences |
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380 | (1) |
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8.4.6 Non-economic factors and other structural shortcomings |
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381 | (2) |
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8.5 Some seminal contributions by regional scientists to the development of an applied general interregional (AGIE) model for a pure space economy |
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383 | (3) |
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386 | (1) |
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Appendix 8.1 The basic functions, exogenous magnitudes, variables and equations of the two nation/three region model |
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387 | (3) |
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390 | (7) |
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397 | (4) |
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9. Interregional and spatial microsimulation |
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401 | (18) |
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401 | (1) |
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9.1 Basic features of microsimulation |
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402 | (3) |
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9.2 Likely extensions, costs, and other limiting factors in microsimulation |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (8) |
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9.3.1 Wealth in the United States: family stock ownership and accumulation, 1960-1995 |
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407 | (3) |
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9.3.2 The potential of microsimulation for urban models |
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410 | (5) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (2) |
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10. New channels of synthesis: the fusion of regional science methods |
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419 | (46) |
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419 | (1) |
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10.1 Location analysis for industry and service trades and its fusion with input-output, econometrics and programming |
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420 | (5) |
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10.2 Channel II. Social accounting analysis and its fusion with applied general interregional equilibrium analysis and other methods |
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425 | (8) |
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10.3 Channel III. Methods for analyzing urban and metropolitan processes |
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433 | (8) |
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10.3.1 Fusion centering around gravity and gravity-type models |
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434 | (4) |
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10.3.2 Fusion centering around urban complex analysis |
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438 | (3) |
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10.4 Channel IV. On comprehensive syntheses and conflict management |
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441 | (16) |
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457 | (1) |
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Appendix: Tables of pairwise comparison and relative weights |
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458 | (2) |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (3) |
Index |
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465 | |