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E-raamat: Methods of Interregional and Regional Analysis

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This landmark textbook introduces students to the principles of regional science and focuses on the key methods used in regional analysis, including regional and interregional input-output analysis, econometrics (regional and spatial), programming and industrial and urban complex analysis, gravity and spatial interaction models, SAM and social accounting (welfare) analysis and applied general interregional equilibrium models. The coherent development of the materials contained in the set of chapters provides students with a comprehensive background and understanding of how to investigate key regional problems. For the research scholar, this publication constitutes an up-to-date source book of the basic elements of each major regional science technique. More significant, it points to new directions for future research and ways interregional and regional analytic approaches can be fused to realise much more probing attacks on regional and spatial problems - a contribution far beyond what is available in the literature.

Arvustused

The first edition of Methods of Regional Analysis, published in 1960, defined the analytical content of the new field of regional science. In the intervening years, regional science has both broadened the scope of its inquiry but, equally importantly, it has deepened the analytical tools that are now available to address problems of regional analysis...This book will continue to serve new generations of regional scientists, conveniently summarizing the most popular techniques of analysis as well as providing an important reference for those wishing to delve further into the models. Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, University of Illinois, USA ...would be of interest to first year graduates...covers comparative cost and other approaches to locational analysis for industry and trade services...diverse syntheses of regional science methods. Journal of Economic Science ...an up-to-date source of the basic elements of each major regional science technique and introduces students to the principles of regional science and focuses on the key methods used in regional analysis...provides students with a comprehensive background and understanding of how to investigate key regional problems. Educational Book Review Professor Isard is regional sciences brainiest guy...if anyone knows from whence the field came and where it will go, it is he...(the book) is one that regional scientists will want to have on their bookshelves for reference purposes and use in the classroom...it steers a visionary path into the future. Journal of Regional Science

Figures and tables
xii(7)
About the authors xix(1)
Acknowledgments xx(1)
Preface xxi
1. The setting and introduction
1(6)
2. Location analysis for industry and service trades: comparative cost and other approaches
7(34)
2.0 Introduction
7(1)
2.1 Industry location principles and the comparative cost approach
8(13)
2.1.1 Locational analysis for the iron and steel industry
10(4)
2.1.2 Analysis of the aluminum industry, and energy and other location factors
14(7)
2.2 Service trades location principles
21(3)
2.3 Spatial and location measures
24(7)
2.3.1 The location quotient
24(2)
2.3.2 The coefficient of localization
26(1)
2.3.3 The localization curve
27(4)
2.4 Geographic information systems(GIS)
31(4)
2.5 Concluding remarks
35(1)
Endnotes
36(1)
References
37(4)
3. Regional and interregional input-output analysis
41(94)
3.0 Introduction
41(2)
3.1 A single region
43(27)
3.1.1 The statistical framework: input-output accounts
43(6)
3.1.2 Technical coefficients and the input-output model
49(3)
3.1.3 Input-output analysis
52(18)
3.2 Two or more regions: the interregional input-output (IRIO) system
70(11)
3.2.1 The statistical framework: interregional input-output accounts
70(4)
3.2.2 Technical and trade coefficients in the IRIO model
74(2)
3.2.3 Input-output analysis with the IRIO model
76(5)
3.3 Two or more regions: the multiregional input-output (MRIO) system
81(5)
3.3.1 The statistical framework: multiregional input-output accounts
81(4)
3.3.2 Input-output analysis with the MRIO model
85(1)
3.4 Constructing models from less than perfect data sets
86(9)
3.4.1 Survey-based tables
86(1)
3.4.2 Nonsurvey-based tables
87(6)
3.4.3 Hybrid tables
93(1)
3.4.4 Interregional connections
93(1)
3.4.5 Empirical implementation
94(1)
3.5 Fusion of comparative cost and input-output: editorial remarks
95(3)
Appendix 3.1 The commodity-industry approach in input-output models
98(4)
Appendix 3.2 Additional linkage measures from input-output data
102(2)
Appendix 3.3 Data for the two-region IRIO numerical example
104(1)
Appendix 3.4 The RAS approach to updating or regionalization of input-output tables
104(5)
Endnotes
109(11)
References
120(5)
Mathematical appendix. Elements of matrix algebra
125(10)
4. Regional and spatial econometric analysis
135(76)
4.0 Introduction
135(3)
4.1 Econometric models and their uses
138(6)
4.1.1 The basic structure
138(1)
4.1.2 Three typical applications
139(5)
4.2 Some underlying statistical theory
144(13)
4.2.1 Desirable properties of estimators
144(4)
4.2.2 Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators
148(3)
4.2.3 Assumptions of OLS estimators
151(3)
4.2.4 Other estimators
154(3)
4.3 Some problems of estimation
157(26)
4.3.1 Specification errors
157(10)
4.3.2 The expected value of the error term is not equal to zero
167(2)
4.3.3 The variance of the error term is not constant
169(4)
4.3.4 Correlated error terms
173(7)
4.3.5 Stochastic explanatory variables, multicollinearity, and measurement errors
180(3)
4.4 Other relevant econometric models
183(13)
4.4.1 The use of dummy variables
183(2)
4.4.2 Discrete choice models
185(2)
4.4.3 Pooled time-series and cross-section models
187(4)
4.4.4 Simultaneous equations models
191(5)
4.5 Spatial econometrics
196(3)
4.5.1 Spatial dependence
197(1)
4.5.2 Spatial heterogeneity
198(1)
4.6 The `art' of econometric model building
199(2)
4.7 Fusion of econometrics and input-output: some editorial remarks
201(2)
Endnotes
203(5)
References
208(3)
5. Programming and industrial and urban complex analysis
211(32)
5.0 Introduction
211(2)
5.1 A simple linear programming problem: a graphic solution
213(7)
5.2 Basic aspects of nonlinear programming
220(5)
5.2.1 Introduction of multiple types of constraints
222(3)
5.3 Industrial complex analysis as interregional programming
225(10)
5.4 Urban and other complexes
235(3)
5.5 Concluding remarks
238(1)
Endnotes
239(1)
References
240(3)
6. Gravity and spatial interaction models
243(38)
6.0 Introduction
243(1)
6.1 A simple probability point of view
244(6)
6.2 Definition and measurement of mass
250(3)
6.3 Definitions and measures of distance
253(1)
6.4 Functional forms for spatial separation
253(4)
6.5 Constrained gravity (spatial interaction) models
257(6)
6.6 Calibration, tests and applications of spatial interaction models
263(9)
6.6.1 The use of OLS (ordinary least squares) to test the effect of distance, cooperation and hostility upon trade of nations
264(5)
6.6.2 The use of maximum likelihood in a policy oriented application with particular attention to characteristics of origins, destinations and types of distance (separation) measures
269(3)
6.7 Conclusion
272(1)
Endnotes
273(4)
References
277(4)
7. Social accounting matrices and social accounting analysis
281(52)
7.0 Introduction
281(2)
7.1 The overall conceptual framework
283(10)
7.2 Classification and disaggregation of accounts
293(5)
7.2.1 Production activities cum commodities
294(1)
7.2.2 Institutions
294(2)
7.2.3 Factors of production
296(2)
7.3 Data requirements in the construction of a SAM
298(2)
7.4 SAM multiplier analysis and extensions
300(17)
7.4.1 Unconstrained multipliers
300(6)
7.4.2 Constrained multipliers
306(2)
7.4.3 Structural path analysis and transmission of economic influence within the SAM framework
308(8)
7.4.4 SAM as the foundation of computable general equilibrium models
316(1)
7.5 Studies and applications based on the SAM
317(9)
7.5.1 General overview
317(1)
7.5.2 National applications
318(5)
7.5.3 A regional-interregional application: the two-region Indonesian SAM for 1980
323(2)
7.5.4 A village application: impact of rural industrialization on village life and economy: a comparison of two Indian village SAMs
325(1)
Endnotes
326(2)
References
328(5)
8. Applied general interregional equilibrium
333(68)
8.0 Introduction
333(3)
8.1 A highly simplified model introducing distance and transport inputs as basic variables
336(7)
8.1.1 The consumption subsystem
337(1)
8.1.2 The production subsystem
337(1)
8.1.3 The transport subsystem
338(1)
8.1.4 The market subsystem
339(4)
8.2 Transport inputs, location and trade in a two-country world
343(8)
8.2.1 The consumption subsystem
345(1)
8.2.2 The production system
345(1)
8.2.3 The transport subsystem
346(1)
8.2.4 The market subsystem
346(3)
8.2.5 The location problem in an applied general interregional equilibrium framework
349(2)
8.2.6 Some concluding remarks
351(1)
8.3 The scaffolding of a core social accounting matrix for an applied general interregional equilibrium (AGIE) model
351(22)
8.3.1 Trade in a two country/three region world: the scaffolding of an interregional (international) input-output core
351(8)
8.3.2 Extensions to obtain the scaffolding of a core social accounting frame: a top-down approach
359(7)
8.3.3 Extensions and generalizations to a multi-region, multi-country world
366(1)
8.3.4 Extensions with a bottoms-up approach to AGIE models
367(2)
8.3.5 The exploration of a Financial SAM and its fusion with a Real SAM
369(4)
8.4 Problems and questionable character of the basic assumptions of standard applied general equilibrium models
373(10)
8.4.1 Problems in representing the consumption subsystem
373(3)
8.4.2 Questionable character of the production subsystem
376(2)
8.4.3 Problems regarding scale economies in the transport and production subsystems, externalities, and market imperfections
378(1)
8.4.4 Questionable character of intertemporal analysis
379(1)
8.4.5 Problems of capturing behavior of governments, the Rest of the World and feedback sequences
380(1)
8.4.6 Non-economic factors and other structural shortcomings
381(2)
8.5 Some seminal contributions by regional scientists to the development of an applied general interregional (AGIE) model for a pure space economy
383(3)
8.6 Concluding remarks
386(1)
Appendix 8.1 The basic functions, exogenous magnitudes, variables and equations of the two nation/three region model
387(3)
Endnotes
390(7)
References
397(4)
9. Interregional and spatial microsimulation
401(18)
9.0 Introduction
401(1)
9.1 Basic features of microsimulation
402(3)
9.2 Likely extensions, costs, and other limiting factors in microsimulation
405(2)
9.3 Applications
407(8)
9.3.1 Wealth in the United States: family stock ownership and accumulation, 1960-1995
407(3)
9.3.2 The potential of microsimulation for urban models
410(5)
9.4 Concluding remarks
415(1)
Endnotes
415(2)
References
417(2)
10. New channels of synthesis: the fusion of regional science methods
419(46)
10.0 Introduction
419(1)
10.1 Location analysis for industry and service trades and its fusion with input-output, econometrics and programming
420(5)
10.2 Channel II. Social accounting analysis and its fusion with applied general interregional equilibrium analysis and other methods
425(8)
10.3 Channel III. Methods for analyzing urban and metropolitan processes
433(8)
10.3.1 Fusion centering around gravity and gravity-type models
434(4)
10.3.2 Fusion centering around urban complex analysis
438(3)
10.4 Channel IV. On comprehensive syntheses and conflict management
441(16)
10.5 Conclusion
457(1)
Appendix: Tables of pairwise comparison and relative weights
458(2)
Endnotes
460(2)
References
462(3)
Index 465


Walter Isard, Iwan J. Azis, Matthew P. Drennan, Ronald E. Miller, Sidney Saltzman, Erik Thorbecke