Foreword |
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xvii | |
Preface to the Third Edition |
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xix | |
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1 | (42) |
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1 | (10) |
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11 | (2) |
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1.3 Frequency Bands, Modes, and Waveforms of Operation |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4 Analog and Digital Signals |
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15 | (11) |
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26 | (6) |
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1.6 Basic RF Transmitters and Receivers |
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32 | (2) |
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1.7 RF Wireless/Microwave/Millimeter Wave Applications |
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34 | (3) |
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1.8 Modern CAD for Nonlinear Circuit Analysis |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (5) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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2 Lumped and Distributed Elements |
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43 | (16) |
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43 | (1) |
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2.2 Transition from RF to Microwave Circuits |
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43 | (3) |
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2.3 Parasitic Effects on Lumped Elements |
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46 | (7) |
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53 | (1) |
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2.5 Hybrid Element: Helical Coil |
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54 | (5) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (146) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (50) |
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3.2.1 Large-Signal Diode Model |
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61 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Mixer and Detector Diodes |
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65 | (5) |
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3.2.3 Parameter Trade-Offs |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (11) |
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84 | (10) |
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3.2.7 Q Factor or Diode Loss |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (6) |
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3.2.9 Diode-Tuned Resonant Circuits |
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105 | (5) |
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3.3 Microwave Transistors |
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110 | (76) |
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3.3.1 Transistor Classification |
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110 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Bipolar Transistor Basics |
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113 | (14) |
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3.3.3 GaAs and InP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors |
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127 | (14) |
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141 | (6) |
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3.3.5 Field-Effect Transistor Basics |
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147 | (11) |
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3.3.6 GaN, GaAs, and InP HEMTs |
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158 | (7) |
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165 | (17) |
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3.3.8 Packaged Transistors |
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182 | (4) |
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3.4 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Low-Noise Amplification |
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186 | (5) |
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3.5 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Oscillator Design |
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191 | (3) |
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3.6 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Power Amplification |
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194 | (11) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (56) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (10) |
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216 | (1) |
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4.4 S Parameters from SPICE Analysis |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
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221 | (2) |
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4.7 Power Gains, Voltage Gain, and Current Gain |
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223 | (8) |
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223 | (6) |
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4.7.2 Voltage Gain and Current Gain |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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4.9 Derivation of Transducer Power Gain |
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234 | (2) |
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4.10 Differential S Parameters |
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236 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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4.11 Twisted-Wire Pair Lines |
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240 | (2) |
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4.12 Low-Noise and High-Power Amplifier Design |
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242 | (3) |
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4.13 Low-Noise Amplifier Design Examples |
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245 | (16) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (6) |
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261 | (33) |
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261 | (1) |
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5.2 Smith Charts and Matching |
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261 | (8) |
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5.3 Impedance Matching Networks |
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269 | (1) |
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5.4 Single-Element Matching |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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5.6 Matching Networks Using Lumped Elements |
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272 | (1) |
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5.7 Matching Networks Using Distributed Elements |
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273 | (4) |
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5.7.1 Twisted-Wire Pair Transformers |
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273 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Transmission Line Transformers |
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274 | (2) |
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5.7.3 Tapered Transmission Lines |
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276 | (1) |
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5.8 Bandwidth Constraints for Matching Networks |
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277 | (17) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (6) |
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294 | (38) |
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294 | (1) |
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6.2 Low-Pass Prototype Filter Design |
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295 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Butterworth Response |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (5) |
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302 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Low-Pass Filters: Frequency and Impedance Scaling |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Narrow-Band Bandpass Filters |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (3) |
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6.4 Transmission Line Filters |
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312 | (13) |
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6.4.1 Semilumped Low-Pass Filters |
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315 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Richards Transformation |
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318 | (7) |
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6.5 Exact Designs and CAD Tools |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (6) |
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326 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Transmission Line Elements |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Coaxial Dielectric Resonators |
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327 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Thin-Film Bulk-Wave Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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7 Noise In Linear and Nonlinear Two-Ports |
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332 | (65) |
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332 | (2) |
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7.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio |
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334 | (2) |
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7.3 Noise Figure Measurements |
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336 | (2) |
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7.4 Noise Parameters and Noise Correlation Matrix |
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338 | (9) |
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338 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Method of Combining Two-Port Matrix |
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339 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Noise Transformation Using the [ ABCD] Noise Correlation Matrices |
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339 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Relation Between the Noise Parameter and [ CA] |
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340 | (2) |
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7.4.5 Representation of the ABCD Correlation Matrix in Terms of Noise Parameters [ 7.4] |
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342 | (1) |
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7.4.6 Noise Correlation Matrix Transformations |
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342 | (1) |
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7.4.7 Matrix Definitions of Series and Shunt Element |
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343 | (1) |
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7.4.8 Transferring All Noise Sources to the Input |
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344 | (1) |
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7.4.9 Transformation of the Noise Sources |
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345 | (1) |
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7.4.10 ABCD Parameters for CE, CC, and CB Configurations |
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345 | (2) |
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7.5 Noisy Two-Port Description |
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347 | (6) |
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7.6 Noise Figure of Cascaded Networks |
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353 | (1) |
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7.7 Influence of External Parasitic Elements |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (3) |
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7.9 Noise Correlation in Linear Two-Ports Using Correlation Matrices |
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360 | (3) |
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7.10 Noise Figure Test Equipment |
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363 | (2) |
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7.11 How to Determine Noise Parameters |
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365 | (1) |
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7.12 Noise in Nonlinear Circuits |
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366 | (5) |
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7.12.1 Noise Sources in the Nonlinear Domain |
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368 | (3) |
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7.13 Transistor Noise Modeling |
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371 | (26) |
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7.13.1 Noise Modeling of Bipolar and Heterobipolar Transistors |
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372 | (12) |
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7.13.2 Noise Modeling of Field-effect Transistors |
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384 | (6) |
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390 | (3) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (2) |
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8 Small-and Large-Signal Amplifier Design |
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397 | (45) |
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397 | (2) |
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8.2 Single-Stage Amplifier Design |
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399 | (27) |
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399 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Maximum Available Gain and Unilateral Gain |
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400 | (7) |
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8.2.3 Low-Noise Amplifier |
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407 | (2) |
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8.2.4 High-Power Amplifier |
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409 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Broadband Amplifier |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (7) |
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8.2.8 Multistage Amplifier |
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420 | (1) |
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8.2.9 Distributed Amplifier and Matrix Amplifier |
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421 | (4) |
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8.2.10 Millimeter-Wave Amplifiers |
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425 | (1) |
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8.3 Frequency Multipliers |
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426 | (3) |
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426 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Passive Frequency Multiplication |
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426 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Active Frequency Multiplication |
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427 | (2) |
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8.4 Design Example of 1.9-GHz PCS and 2.1-GHz W-CDMA Amplifiers |
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429 | (1) |
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8.5 Stability Analysis and Limitations |
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430 | (12) |
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435 | (3) |
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438 | (2) |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (96) |
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442 | (3) |
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9.2 Characterizing Transistors for Power-Amplifier Design |
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445 | (4) |
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9.3 Single-Stage Power Amplifier Design |
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449 | (6) |
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455 | (7) |
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9.5 Power-Distributed Amplifiers |
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462 | (18) |
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480 | (18) |
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9.6.1 Optimizing Conduction Angle |
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481 | (9) |
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9.6.2 Optimizing Harmonic Termination |
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490 | (4) |
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9.6.3 Analog Switch-Mode Amplifiers |
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494 | (4) |
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9.7 Efficiency and Linearity Enhancement PA Topologies |
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498 | (16) |
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9.7.1 The Doherty Amplifier |
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499 | (3) |
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9.7.2 Outphasing Amplifiers |
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502 | (3) |
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9.7.3 Kahn EER and Envelope Tracking Amplifiers |
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505 | (9) |
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9.8 Digital Microwave Power Amplifiers (class-D/S) |
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514 | (13) |
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9.8.1 Voltage-Mode Topology |
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516 | (5) |
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9.8.2 Current-Mode Topology |
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521 | (6) |
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9.9 Power Amplifier Stability |
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527 | (11) |
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530 | (4) |
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534 | (2) |
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536 | (2) |
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538 | (274) |
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538 | (6) |
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10.2 Compressed Smith Chart |
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544 | (1) |
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10.3 Series or Parallel Resonance |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (24) |
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10.4.1 Dielectric Resonators |
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547 | (5) |
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552 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Varactor Resonators |
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552 | (4) |
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10.4.4 Ceramic Resonators |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (6) |
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10.4.6 Resonator Measurements |
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564 | (6) |
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10.5 Two-Port Oscillator Design |
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570 | (9) |
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10.6 Negative Resistance From Transistor Model |
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579 | (7) |
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10.7 Oscillator Q and Output Power |
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586 | (4) |
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10.8 Noise in Oscillators: Linear Approach |
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590 | (18) |
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10.8.1 Leeson's Oscillator Model |
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590 | (6) |
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596 | (12) |
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10.9 Analytic Approach to Optimum Oscillator Design Using S Parameters |
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608 | (13) |
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10.10 Nonlinear Active Models for Oscillators |
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621 | (11) |
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10.10.1 Diodes with Hyperabrupt Junction |
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623 | (1) |
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10.10.2 Silicon Versus Gallium Arsenide |
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624 | (1) |
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10.10.3 Expressions for gm and Gd |
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625 | (2) |
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10.10.4 Nonlinear Expressions for Cgs, Ggf, and Ri |
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627 | (1) |
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10.10.5 Analytic Simulation of I--V Characteristics |
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628 | (1) |
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10.10.6 Equivalent-Circuit Derivation |
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628 | (3) |
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10.10.7 Determination of Oscillation Conditions |
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631 | (1) |
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10.10.8 Nonlinear Analysis |
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631 | (1) |
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632 | (1) |
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10.11 Oscillator Design Using Nonlinear Cad Tools |
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632 | (15) |
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10.11.1 Parameter Extraction Method |
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637 | (2) |
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10.11.2 Example of Nonlinear Design Methodology: 4-GHz Oscillator-Amplifier |
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639 | (6) |
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645 | (2) |
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10.12 Microwave Oscillators Performance |
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647 | (4) |
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10.13 Design of an Oscillator Using Large-Signal Y Parameters |
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651 | (2) |
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10.14 Example for Large-Signal Design Based on Bessel Functions |
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653 | (5) |
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10.15 Design Example for Best Phase Noise and Good Output Power |
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658 | (8) |
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658 | (1) |
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658 | (4) |
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662 | (4) |
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10.16 A Design Example for a 350 MHz Fixed Frequency Colpitts Oscillator |
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666 | (12) |
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667 | (1) |
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667 | (1) |
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Step 3 Determination of the Large Signal Transconductance |
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668 | (10) |
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678 | (3) |
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10.18 2400 MHz MOSFET-Based Push-Pull Oscillator |
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681 | (10) |
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682 | (5) |
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10.18.2 Design Calculations |
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687 | (1) |
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688 | (3) |
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10.19 CAD Solution for Calculating Phase Noise in Oscillators |
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691 | (15) |
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10.19.1 General Analysis of Noise Due to Modulation and Conversion in Oscillators |
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691 | (1) |
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10.19.2 Modulation by a Sinusoidal Signal |
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692 | (1) |
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10.19.3 Modulation by a Noise Signal |
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693 | (2) |
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10.19.4 Oscillator Noise Models |
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695 | (1) |
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10.19.5 Modulation and Conversion Noise |
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696 | (1) |
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10.19.6 Nonlinear Approach for Computation of Noise Analysis of Oscillator Circuits |
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696 | (3) |
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10.19.7 Noise Generation in Oscillators |
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699 | (1) |
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10.19.8 Frequency Conversion Approach |
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699 | (1) |
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10.19.9 Conversion Noise Analysis |
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699 | (1) |
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10.19.10 Noise Performance Index Due to Frequency Conversion |
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700 | (2) |
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10.19.11 Modulation Noise Analysis |
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702 | (2) |
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10.19.12 Noise Performance Index Due to Contribution of Modulation Noise |
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704 | (1) |
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10.19.13 PM--AM Correlation Coefficient |
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705 | (1) |
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10.20 Phase Noise Measurement |
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706 | (18) |
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10.20.1 Phase Noise Measurement Techniques |
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706 | (18) |
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10.21 Back to Conventional Phase Noise Measurement System (Hewlett-Packard) |
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724 | (6) |
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730 | (7) |
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10.22.1 Analog Signal Path |
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730 | (2) |
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10.22.2 Digital Signal Path |
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732 | (3) |
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10.22.3 Pulsed Phase Noise Measurement |
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735 | (1) |
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10.22.4 Cross-Correlation |
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736 | (1) |
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10.23 Instrument Performance |
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737 | (1) |
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10.24 Noise in Circuits and Semiconductors [ 10.74] |
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738 | (4) |
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10.25 Validation Circuits |
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742 | (9) |
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10.25.1 1000-MHz Ceramic Resonator Oscillator (CRO) |
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742 | (3) |
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10.25.2 4100-MHz Oscillator with Transmission Line Resonators |
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745 | (2) |
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10.25.3 2000-MHz GaAs FET-Based Oscillator |
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747 | (4) |
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10.26 Analytical Approach for Designing Efficient Microwave FET and Bipolar Oscillators (Optimum Power) |
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751 | (28) |
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10.26.1 Series Feedback (MESFET) |
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751 | (7) |
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10.26.2 Parallel Feedback (MESFET) |
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758 | (2) |
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10.26.3 Series Feedback (Bipolar) |
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760 | (3) |
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10.26.4 Parallel Feedback (Bipolar) |
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763 | (1) |
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764 | (9) |
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10.26.6 Simulated Results |
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773 | (4) |
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777 | (1) |
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10.26.8 Self-Oscillating Mixer |
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777 | (2) |
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779 | (1) |
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10.28 Large Signal Noise Analysis |
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780 | (9) |
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10.29 Quantifying Phase Noise |
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789 | (2) |
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791 | (21) |
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791 | (4) |
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795 | (11) |
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806 | (6) |
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812 | (47) |
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812 | (2) |
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11.2 Building Block of Synthesizer |
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814 | (17) |
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11.2.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator |
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814 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Reference Oscillator |
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814 | (1) |
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815 | (2) |
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11.2.4 Phase-Frequency Comparators |
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817 | (5) |
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11.2.5 Loop Filters -- Filters for Phase Detectors Providing Voltage Output |
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822 | (9) |
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11.3 Important Characteristics of Synthesizers |
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831 | (15) |
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831 | (1) |
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831 | (1) |
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831 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Transient Behavior of Digital Loops Using Tri-State Phase Detectors |
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831 | (15) |
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846 | (1) |
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11.5 The Fractional-N Principle |
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846 | (3) |
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11.6 Spur-Suppression Techniques |
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849 | (2) |
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11.7 Digital Direct Frequency Synthesizer |
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851 | (8) |
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856 | (1) |
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857 | (2) |
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12 Microwave Mixer Design |
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859 | (148) |
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859 | (7) |
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866 | (14) |
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880 | (10) |
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12.4 Single-Balanced Mixers |
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890 | (16) |
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12.5 Double-Balanced Mixers |
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906 | (25) |
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931 | (24) |
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955 | (11) |
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12.8 Resistive (Reflective) Fet Mixers |
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966 | (12) |
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12.8.1 Switched Mode "ON" and "OFF" Resistance |
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968 | (3) |
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12.8.2 Loss Limit of Reflection FETs Device |
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971 | (1) |
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972 | (1) |
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12.8.4 Gain Compression and Intercept Point |
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973 | (1) |
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12.8.5 Design and Performance Optimization Techniques |
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974 | (4) |
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12.9 Special Mixer Circuits |
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978 | (10) |
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988 | (19) |
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12.10.1 Mixer Noise Analysis (MOSFET) |
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989 | (6) |
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12.10.2 Noise in Resistive GaAs HEMT Mixers |
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995 | (6) |
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1001 | (2) |
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1003 | (2) |
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1005 | (2) |
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13 RF Switches and Attenuators |
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1007 | (22) |
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1007 | (3) |
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1010 | (8) |
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13.3 PIN Diode Attenuators |
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1018 | (6) |
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1024 | (5) |
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1027 | (1) |
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1028 | (1) |
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14 Simulation of Microwave Circuits |
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1029 | (76) |
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1029 | (2) |
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1031 | (2) |
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14.2.1 Printed Circuit Board |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
14.2.2 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
1033 | (2) |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
14.3.2 Board and MMIC Layout |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
14.4 Linear Circuit Simulation |
|
|
1035 | (5) |
|
14.4.1 Small-Signal AC and S-parameter Simulation |
|
|
1035 | (4) |
|
14.4.2 Example: Microwave Filter, Schematic Based |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
14.5 Nonlinear Simulation |
|
|
1040 | (22) |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
14.5.2 Transistor Modeling |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
14.5.3 Transient Simulation |
|
|
1041 | (3) |
|
14.5.4 Example: Transient |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
14.5.5 Harmonic Balance Simulation |
|
|
1045 | (5) |
|
14.5.6 Example: Harmonic Balance, One-tone Amplifier |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
14.5.7 Example: Harmonic Balance, Two-tone Amplifier |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
14.5.8 Envelope Simulation |
|
|
1052 | (4) |
|
14.5.9 Example: Envelope, Modulated Amplifier |
|
|
1056 | (1) |
|
14.5.10 Mixing Circuit and Thermal Simulation |
|
|
1057 | (2) |
|
14.5.11 Example: Electrothermal |
|
|
1059 | (3) |
|
14.6 Electromagnetic Simulation |
|
|
1062 | (5) |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
14.6.2 Finite Element Method |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
14.6.3 Finite Difference Time Domain |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
14.6.4 Performing an EM Simulation |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
14.6.5 Example: Microwave Filter, EM Based |
|
|
1066 | (1) |
|
14.7 Design for Manufacturing |
|
|
1067 | (12) |
|
14.7.1 Circuit Optimization |
|
|
1067 | (2) |
|
14.7.2 Example: Optimization |
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
14.7.3 Component Variation |
|
|
1069 | (5) |
|
14.7.4 Monte Carlo Analysis |
|
|
1074 | (1) |
|
14.7.5 Example: Monte Carlo Analysis |
|
|
1075 | (3) |
|
14.7.6 Yield Analysis and Yield Optimization |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
14.8 Oscillator Design and Simulation Example |
|
|
1079 | (23) |
|
14.8.1 Written by Ludwig Eichinger, Keysight Technologies |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
14.8.3 Behavioral Simulation |
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
14.8.4 Choosing an Amplifier |
|
|
1081 | (3) |
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
14.8.6 Wilkinson Divider Design |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
14.8.7 Matching and Linear Oscillator Analysis |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
14.8.8 Optimization of Loop Gain and Phase |
|
|
1086 | (3) |
|
14.8.9 Nonlinear Oscillator Analysis |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
14.8.10 1/f Noise Characterization |
|
|
1090 | (6) |
|
14.8.11 Phase Noise Simulation |
|
|
1096 | (3) |
|
14.8.12 Oscillator Start-up Time |
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
14.8.13 Layout EM Cosimulation |
|
|
1099 | (3) |
|
14.8.14 Oscillator Design Summary |
|
|
1102 | (1) |
|
|
1102 | (3) |
|
|
1102 | (3) |
Appendix A Derivations For Unilateral Gain Section |
|
1105 | (3) |
Appendix B Vector Representation Of Two-Tone Intermodulation Products |
|
1108 | (19) |
Appendix C Passive Microwave Elements |
|
1127 | (21) |
Index |
|
1148 | |