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E-raamat: Microwave Radio Transmission Design Guide, Second Edition

4.80/5 (7 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

Trevor Manning

Formaat: 350 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2009
Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
ISBN-13: 9781596934573

Teised raamatud teemal:

Radio technology

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Formaat: 350 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2009
Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
ISBN-13: 9781596934573

Teised raamatud teemal:

Radio technology

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This work combines a theoretical treatise of radio theory and standards with practical recommendations and case studies in planning and deploying modern digital microwave radio systems from UHF up to the millimeter bands. Chapters cover link planning, reliability standards, transport technologies, radio equipment characteristics, microwave propagation, antenna considerations, frequency planning, and link design. With the first edition published in 1999, this second edition is updated with discussions on backhaul capacity limitations, ethernet over radio, current cellular radio standards, and recent changes in spectrum management, including the availability of unlicensed bands and new mm band frequencies between 70 and 90 GHz. The book is illustrated with b&w diagrams, and includes appendices of formulae and acronyms. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Foreword

xiii

Preface

Introduction

(20)

History of Wireless Telecommunications

(1)

What is Microwave Radio?

(7)

Microwave Fundamentals

(1)

RF Spectrum

(1)

Safety of Microwaves

(1)

Allocation of Spectrum

(1)

Electromagnetic Wave Fundamentals

(3)

Why Radio?

(2)

Benefits and Advantages of Microwave

(1)

Transmission Alternatives

(1)

Microwave Applications

(7)

Fixed-Link Operator

(1)

Utility Private Network

(2)

TV Distribution Network

(1)

Mobile Backhaul Network

(2)

Ethernet Enterprise Application

(1)

Planning Process

(2)

Reference

(1)

Link Planning

(26)

Establish the Planning Brief

(2)

Initial Planning

(4)

Site Location

(1)

Network Diagram

(1)

Initial Mapwork

(1)

Existing Infrastructure and Repeater Sites

(1)

Route Map

(1)

Path Profiles

(4)

Radio Repeaters

(10)

Passive Repeaters

(6)

Active Repeaters

(3)

Radio Surveys

(3)

Path Survey

(1)

Site Surveys

(2)

Frequency Considerations

(3)

References

(2)

Reliability Standards

(22)

Introduction

(1)

What Do I Aim For?

(1)

Hypothetical Reference Path

(2)

Unavailability Standards

(6)

Causes of Unavailability

(3)

Unavailability Objectives

(1)

Apportionment of Objectives

(1)

Practical Advice

(1)

Performance Standards

(9)

Causes of Outage

(1)

Performance Objectives

(8)

Real-World Conclusions

(4)

References

(3)

Transport Technologies

(26)

Introduction

(1)

The Backhaul Transmission System

(2)

The Backhaul Network

(1)

OSI ISO Model

(1)

Transport Technology Options

(16)

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

(2)

Synchronous Networks (SDH/SONET)

(8)

ATM

(2)

Ethernet

(4)

Network Synchronization

(7)

PDH Synchronization

(1)

SDH Synchronization

(1)

ATM Synchronization

(1)

Ethernet Synchronization

(3)

References

(2)

Radio Equipment Characteristics

(34)

Introduction

(1)

Basic Radio System Block Diagram

(6)

All Indoor

(1)

Split Unit (RF Outdoors)

(1)

All Outdoors

(1)

TDM/Ethernet Options

(4)

Primary Multiplex

101

(4)

Sampling

101

(1)

Quantizing

101

(2)

Companding

103

(1)

Coding

104

(1)

Time Multiplexing

104

(1)

Primary Multiplexing Equipment

105

(1)

Muldem (Secondary Multiplexing and Services)

105

(5)

Multiplexing and Demultiplexing

105

(1)

Overhead Channels

106

(1)

Baseband Filtering

107

(1)

Basic Muldem Block Diagram

108

(2)

Modem

110

(6)

Modulators

110

(2)

Demodulators

112

(4)

Basic Modem Block Diagram

116

(1)

Transceivers

116

(2)

Transmitters

116

(2)

Receivers

118

(1)

Basic Transceiver Block Diagram

118

(1)

Branching

118

(5)

Duplexer

118

(2)

Hot Standby Branching

120

(1)

Frequency Diversity Branching

120

(1)

Space Diversity Branching

120

(1)

Hybrid Diversity Branching

121

(2)

Equipment Characteristics

123

(3)

RF Details

123

(1)

Transmitter Characteristics

124

(1)

Receiver Characteristics

125

(1)

C/I Ratio

125

(1)

Digital Interfaces

125

(1)

Management and Alarm Interfaces

126

(1)

Power Details

126

(1)

Input Voltage Range

126

(1)

Power Consumption

127

(1)

Environmental Considerations

127

(1)

Equipment Type Approvals

127

(2)

References

127

(2)

Microwave Propagation

129

(46)

Atmospheric Effects on Propagation

129

(21)

Refractive Index

130

(1)

Radio Refractivity

130

(1)

Refractivity Gradient

131

(3)

Effective Earth Radius

134

(1)

Anomalous Propagation

135

(10)

Physical Atmospheric Conditions

145

(3)

Modified Refractivity

148

(2)

Free-Space Propagation

150

(3)

Power Budget

153

(2)

Receiver Threshold

154

(1)

Nominal Receive Level

154

(1)

Fade Margin

155

(1)

Fading of Microwave Links

155

(20)

Atmospheric Absorption, Including Rain

156

(1)

Diffraction Fading

157

(12)

Refractive Fading

169

(3)

References

172

(3)

Antenna Considerations

175

(22)

Antenna Fundamentals

175

(1)

Antenna Characteristics

176

(8)

Gain

176

(1)

Sidelobes

177

(1)

Front-to-Back Ratio

178

(1)

Beamwidth

179

(1)

Polarization

180

(1)

Radiation Pattern

180

(1)

VSWR

181

(1)

Near Field, Far Field

182

(2)

Types of Antenna

184

(4)

Nonparabolic Antennas

184

(1)

Parabolic Antennas

185

(3)

Radomes

188

(1)

Feeder Characteristics

188

(5)

Coaxial Cable

188

(2)

Waveguide

190

(3)

Antenna System Accessories

193

(1)

Pressurizers

193

(1)

Plumbing

194

(1)

Earth Kits

194

(1)

Cable Clamps

194

(1)

Installation Practices

194

(3)

Reference

196

(1)

Frequency Planning

197

(24)

Frequency Regulation

198

(3)

ITU-R Frequency Coordination

198

(1)

FCC Frequency Coordination

199

(1)

Ofcom Frequency Coordination

199

(1)

Microwave Radio Link Bands

200

(1)

What is Interference?

201

(7)

Causes of Interference

201

(1)

Types of Interference

201

(1)

Effects of Interference

202

(4)

Intersystem Interference

206

(2)

Frequency Channel Planning

208

(7)

Basic ITU Arrangements

208

(1)

A and B Sites (High/Low Arrangements)

209

(2)

Alternate Polarization

211

(1)

Frequency Diversity Allocations

212

(1)

Interleaving of Channels

213

(1)

Spectral Efficiency

214

(1)

Frequency Reuse

215

(4)

Two-Frequency (One-Pair) Plan

215

(2)

Four-Frequency (Two-Pair) Plan

217

(1)

Six-Frequency (Three-Pair) Plan

218

(1)

Antenna Considerations

219

(1)

Intermodulation Products

219

(2)

References

220

(1)

Link Design

221

(40)

Introduction

221

(1)

Diffraction Loss and Antenna Heights

221

(3)

ITU Recommendation

222

(1)

Real-World Advice

222

(2)

Multipath Fading Outages

224

(8)

Flat Fading Outage

225

(4)

Selective Fading Outage

229

(3)

Rain Fading

232

(1)

Reflection Analysis

233

(2)

Interference Analysis

235

(10)

Nodal Interference Example

235

(4)

Overshoot Interference Example

239

(6)

Passive Repeater Outage

245

(5)

Back-to-Back Interference

246

(1)

In-Line Passive

247

(1)

Orthogonal Passive

248

(2)

Total Outage

250

(1)

Countermeasures

251

(5)

System Techniques

251

(1)

Nondiversity Techniques

252

(1)

Diversity Techniques

253

(3)

Real-World Link Design Tutorial

256

(5)

References

259

(2)

Appendix: Useful Formulae

261

(2)

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

263

(6)

About the Author

269

(2)

Index

271

Trevor Manning is a director at TMC Global in Northampton, Northants, UK. He holds a B.Sc. in electronics engineering from Natal (Durban) University in South Africa.

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