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E-raamat: Mining in the Himalayas: An Integrated Strategy

(CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498762359
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Mining in the Himalayas: An Integrated StrategySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Sep-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498762359
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Himalaya, the world's most prominent mountain system of the world is a source of sustainence for the social, cultural and economic development of population across different countries. Unscientific, small-scale mining for harnessing reounrces including minerals has caused ecosystem damage. Therefore, an integrated and holistic approach to deal with the resource management is required. This book makes a focussed effort to explain how mining in the Himalaya is practiced with discussions pertaining to critiques and lacunas of mining and environmental practices. Status of mining practices in Himalaya is included along with the legal/environmental repercussions of mining.

Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Author xvii
Abbreviations xix
1 The Indian Himalayas: Mining and Mineral Potentiality
1(44)
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 The Himalayas
3(6)
1.2.1 Typical Characteristics of the Himalayas and Their Fragility
6(3)
1.3 Hill Areas Comparable to the Himalaya
9(1)
1.4 Mineral Potential of the Indian Himalayas: An Account
10(7)
1.5 Assessment of Commercial Exploitation
17(3)
1.6 Mining in the Himalayas
20(4)
1.7 Current Status of the Mining Practices in the Indian Himalayas
24(9)
1.8 Legal Repercussions of Mining in the Himalayas
33(12)
Appendix 1.A Mining in Doon Valley
36(1)
Appendix 1.B Doon Valley Notification Dated 1 February 1989
37(8)
2 Existing Practices: Critiques and Lacunae
45(34)
2.1 Case Studies
45(17)
2.1.1 Kashlog Mine: Mining and Environmental Practices
46(7)
2.1.2 Mining of Soapstone in the Himalayan Hills
53(1)
2.1.2.1 Salient Details of Mine Lease Area
54(1)
2.1.2.2 Excavation Method
54(1)
2.1.2.3 Environmental Measures
55(1)
2.1.2.4 Society
56(1)
2.1.3 Magnesite Excavation in the Kumaon Himalayas
57(1)
2.1.3.1 Jhiroli Magnesite Mine
57(5)
2.2 Critique
62(4)
2.3 Lacunae of Mining and Environmental Practices
66(9)
2.3.1 Land Management Practices and Loss of Vegetation
66(1)
2.3.2 Blasting, Vibrations, Noise and Air Overpressure
67(1)
2.3.3 Air Quality and Air Pollution
68(1)
2.3.4 Disposal of Waste
69(1)
2.3.5 Hydrological Problems
69(1)
2.3.6 Open Mine Layout and Its Design
69(1)
2.3.7 Small-Scale Mining
70(1)
2.3.8 Problem of Dimension of Mining Lease and Its Period
70(1)
2.3.9 Environmental Planning, Practices and Enforcement
70(2)
2.3.10 Destabilized Hill Slopes/Rock Slopes
72(3)
2.4 What Are the Environmental Issues of Concern?
75(1)
2.5 Statutory Provisions and Environmental Standards
76(3)
3 Eco-Friendly Perspective of Himalayan Mining
79(10)
4 Solutions: New, Practical and Eco-Friendly Ideas for the Himalayas
89(24)
4.1 Predictive Assessment of Geological Conditions
89(2)
4.2 Solutions for Responsible Mining in the Himalayas
91(22)
5 Environmental Attributes: Two Niche Areas
113(30)
5.1 Part I: Environment Degradation Index
113(17)
5.1.1 Environmental Indices
114(1)
5.1.2 Development of the EDI
114(2)
5.1.2.1 Sensitivity Function
116(2)
5.1.2.2 Index Variable and Index Number
118(1)
5.1.2.3 Procedure for Calculation of EDI
118(4)
5.1.2.4 EDI Scale
122(1)
5.1.3 Site of Study
123(5)
5.1.4 EDI versus Cost of EPC
128(1)
5.1.5 Inference Drawn
129(1)
5.2 Part II: Environmentally Friendly Transportation Practices for Hilly Mines
130(13)
5.2.1 SFRC Chute (Alternate A)
130(1)
5.2.2 Vertical Silo with Conveyor Arrangements (Alternate B)
130(2)
5.2.3 Shaft-Adit Combination or the SAC Method (Alternate C)
132(1)
5.2.4 Ore Slides in Rock (Alternate D)
133(2)
5.2.5 Overland Belt Conveyor (OLBC, Alternate E)
135(1)
5.2.6 Gravity-Operated Skips on Guided Rails at Surface (GOSS, Alternate F)
136(1)
5.2.7 Other Advanced Alternatives
136(1)
Appendix 5.A Air Quality and Water Quality: Prescribed Indian Standards
137(6)
6 Integrated Strategy and Best Practice Mining
143(36)
6.1 Integrated Approach/Strategy
143(9)
6.1.1 Developmental Planning
145(2)
6.1.1.1 Ecology
147(1)
6.1.1.2 Society
148(2)
6.1.2 Benefits of Advanced Development Planning
150(2)
6.2 Large-Scale versus Small-Scale Mining (SSM) in the Himalayas
152(1)
6.3 Best Mining Practice
153(23)
6.4 People's Participation in Environmental Management
176(1)
6.5 Role of Organization
177(2)
7 Environment-Oriented Development
179(16)
7.1 Development Imperatives
179(1)
7.2 Affected Environment
180(8)
7.2.1 Environmental Performance Assessment
181(1)
7.2.2 Air Quality
182(1)
7.2.3 Water Quality
182(1)
7.2.4 Land Degradation Assessment
183(1)
7.2.4.1 Restoration of Derelict Land
184(1)
7.2.5 Noise, Vibration, Air Overpressure and Fly Rock
185(1)
7.2.6 Biological Environment Assessment
186(1)
7.2.6.1 Ecosystem Protection
187(1)
7.2.6.2 Climate Change
187(1)
7.3 Roadmap
188(7)
7.3.1 Lessons Learned
190(1)
Appendix 7.A Land Management Strategy
191(4)
8 Parvatadhiraj: The Himalaya
195(4)
8.1 Responsible Mining
195(1)
8.2 Epilogue
196(3)
Himalayan Mining: From Real to Reel (Memories Down the Lane) 199(8)
References 207(8)
Suggested Reading 215(4)
Index 219
Dr. Soni graduated in Mining Engineering from Ravishankar University, Raipur,Chattisgarh in 1983 and completed his post

graduation from Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani and Ph. D. in Environmental Science and Engineering

from Centre of Mining Environment, Indian School of Mines (ISM) , Dhanbad in 1998. He was awarded William Greenwoood

Scholarship of Association of Geo-Scientists for International Development (AGID), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

He has served Coal India Limited (at SECL subsidiary) and Department of Mining Engineering, Government Engineering College,

Raipur (Chhattisgarh) before joining CMRI as scientist in 1987. Thus, he has 30 years experience in field, teaching and research for

various areas of environment and sub-surface sciences.

He has visited USA and U.K. in connection with research work and widely traveled across the country. Dr.A.K.Soni is currently

Head of CIMFR (Unit -1) Nagpur office and engaged in research in mine environment and allied areas. He has wide exposure of

administration too in S&T / R&D filed. His area of interest for research is Geo-hydrological problems related to mines. In the past,

he was associated with development of eco-friendly techniques of mineral extraction and has worked for R&D in the area of

Environmental Management in Fragile / Sensitive Areas with particular reference to mining operations and hill type areas (

Himalaya). He has developed Environmental Degradation Index (EDI) for applications in mining in ecologically fragile areas and

has special interest in policy issues on mining and environment.

Actively associated with technical and professional organizations and societies e.g. Institution of Engineers (India), Mining

Engineers Association of India (MEAI), International Mine water Association (IMWA) and Association of Geo-scientists for

International Development (AGID). To his credit, he has more than 100 technical publications on environmental related topics in

national and international journals, conference proceedings, workshops monographs, books etc. in Hindi and in English and has

handled nearly 100 R&D projects in the capacity of principal investigator and principal co-ordinator. He has received best R&D

paper award from nationally accredited technical society viz. Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS) in 2003 and best citizen award in

2006.
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