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E-raamat: Modals and Conditionals: New and Revised Perspectives

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(Professor of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst)
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Modals and Conditionals: New and Revised PerspectivesSuurem pilt
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This book contains updated and substantially revised versions of Angelika Kratzer's classic papers on modals and conditionals, including 'What "must" and "can" must and can mean', 'Partition and Revision', 'The Notional Category of Modality', 'Conditionals', 'An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought', and 'Facts: Particulars or Information Units?'. The book's contents add up to some of the most important work on modals and conditionals in particular and on the semantics-syntax interface more generally. It will be of central interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions.

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The book's contents add up to some of the most important work on modals and conditionals. It will be of central interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions. * MathSciNet * An indispensible resource. * François Recanati, Institut Jean Nicod * This book is a treasure of the puzzles, illustrations, and parables that have shaped the modern view of the language of modals and conditionals. It defines the standard against which all theorizing on the subject is to be measured. A classic. * Barry Schein, University of Southern California * This work collects and dramatically expands upon Angelika Kratzer's now classic papers. There is scarcely an area of philosophy that remains or will remain untouched by their influence. * Jason Stanley, Rutgers University *

General Preface ix
Preface and acknowledgments x
Introducing
Chapter 1
1(3)
1 What Must and Can Must and Can Mean
4(23)
1.1 Must and can are relational
4(5)
1.2 Must and can in a premise semantics
9(3)
1.3 Inconsistent premise sets
12(4)
1.4 Structuring premise sets
16(11)
Introducing
Chapter 2
21(6)
2 The Notional Category of Modality
27(45)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 Expressing modality in German
28(2)
2.3 Basic notions
30(8)
2.4 Grades of possibility
38(5)
2.5 Modals without duals
43(6)
2.6 Root versus epistemic modals
49(6)
2.7 Approaching norms and ideals with root modals
55(7)
2.8 Practical reasoning
62(2)
2.9 Conditionals
64(4)
2.10 Conclusion
68(4)
Introducing
Chapter 3
70(2)
3 Partition and Revision: The Semantics of Counterfactuals
72(14)
3.1 A straightforward analysis seems to fail
72(2)
3.2 Escaping through atomism
74(2)
3.3 Counterexamples and amendments
76(4)
3.4 Back to the original analysis
80(4)
3.5 Conclusion
84(2)
Introducing
Chapter 4
85(1)
4 Conditionals
86(25)
4.1 Grice
86(1)
4.2 Gibbard's proof
87(1)
4.3 The decline of material implication
88(3)
4.4 Probability conditionals
91(6)
4.5 Epistemic conditionals
97(8)
4.6 Gibbard's proof reconsidered: silent operators
105(2)
4.7 Conditional propositions after all?
107(4)
Introducing
Chapter 5
109(2)
5 An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought
111(50)
5.1 What lumps of thought are
111(3)
5.2 How lumps of thought can be characterized in terms of situations
114(1)
5.3 A semantics based on situations
115(10)
5.3.1 A metaphysics for situations
115(2)
5.3.2 Ingredients for a situation semantics
117(1)
5.3.3 The logical properties and relations
117(1)
5.3.4 Persistence
118(2)
5.3.5 Sentence denotations
120(5)
5.4 Counterfactual reasoning
125(10)
5.4.1 Some facts about counterfactuals
125(2)
5.4.2 Truth-conditions for counterfactuals
127(2)
5.4.3 We forgot about lumps
129(2)
5.4.4 The formal definitions
131(4)
5.5 Representing non-accidental generalizations
135(17)
5.5.1 Non-accidental generalizations: a first proposal
135(3)
5.5.2 Hempel's Paradox and Goodman's Puzzle
138(14)
5.6 Negation
152(7)
5.6.1 In search of an accidental interpretation
152(2)
5.6.2 Negation and restrictive clauses
154(2)
5.6.3 Negation and counterfactual reasoning
156(3)
5.7 Conclusion
159(2)
Introducing
Chapter 6
160(1)
6 Facts: Particulars or Information Units?
161(23)
6.1 Worldly facts
161(1)
6.2 Facts and the semantics of the verb to know
162(3)
6.3 Facts that exemplify propositions
165(8)
6.4 Reliability in knowledge ascriptions
173(6)
6.5 Facts and counterfactuals
179(2)
6.6 Propositional facts and natural propositions
181(3)
References 184(13)
Index 197
Angelika Kratzer was educated at the Universities of Munich, Konstanz, Heidelberg and Wellington/New Zealand and is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Her areas of specialization are semantics and the syntax/semantics interface. Research interests include event and situation semantics, context dependency, modals and conditionals, argument structure, verbal inflectional morphology, cross-linguistic quantification, the typology of pronouns, and meaning and intonation. With Irene Heim, Angelika Kratzer is co-author of Semantics and Generative Grammar (Blackwell, 1998) and co-founder and co-editor of Natural Language Semantics.
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