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E-raamat: Models for Physics of the Very Small and Very Large

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This monograph tackles three challenges. First, show a mathematics-based meta-model that matches known elementary particles. Second, apply models, based on the meta-model, to match other known physics data. Third, predict future physics data. The math features solutions to isotropic pairs of isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators. This monograph matches some solutions to known elementary particles. Matched properties include spin, types of interactions in which the particles partake, and (for elementary bosons) approximate masses. Other solutions point to possible elementary particles. This monograph applies the models and the extended particle list. Results narrow gaps between physics data and theory. Results pertain to elementary particles, astrophysics, and cosmology. For example, this monograph predicts properties for beyond-the-Standard-Model elementary particles, proposes descriptions of dark matter and dark energy, provides new relationships between known physics constants (including masses of some elementary particles), includes theory that dovetails with the ratio of dark matter to ordinary matter, includes math that dovetails with the number of elementary-fermion generations, suggests forces that govern the rate of expansion of the universe, and suggests additions to and details for the cosmology timeline.
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Overview
1(8)
Section 1.1 Some perspective
1(2)
Section 1.2 This monograph
3(6)
Chapter 2 From data to the MM1 meta-model and MM1MS1 models
9(157)
Section 2.1 Math-based models for quantum phenomena
9(19)
Section 2.2 LADDER models for isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators
28(9)
Section 2.3 INTERN applications of LADDER models
37(13)
Section 2.4 One MM1 meta-model and various MM1MS1 models
50(1)
Section 2.5 DIFEQU models for isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators
51(13)
Section 2.6 Applications of DIFEQU models
64(8)
Section 2.7 FERTRA and other models linking LADDER and DIFEQU models
72(4)
Section 2.8 Generation, color charge, and INTERN models for bosons
76(6)
Section 2.9 Schwarzschild radius, Planck length, and Ro
82(6)
Section 2.10 Models related to vertices and to particle sizes, masses, and ranges
88(13)
Section 2.11 SPATIM symmetries
101(3)
Section 2.12 Invariances, symmetries, and conservation laws
104(15)
Section 2.13 FRERAN and COMPAR applications of LADDER models
119(30)
Section 2.14 EXTINT LADDER models for fermion generations and color Charge
149(4)
Section 2.15 The MM1 meta-model and various MM1MS1 models
153(13)
Chapter 3 From the MM1 meta-model to particles and properties
166(67)
Section 3.1 Introduction
166(4)
Section 3.2 Aspects of models for MM1MS1-photons and gravitons
170(5)
Section 3.3 Elementary particles correlating with the G-family
175(12)
Section 3.4 Elementary particles correlating with the WHO-families
187(2)
Section 3.5 Elementary particles correlating with the CN- and QIRD-families
189(8)
Section 3.6 Elementary particles correlating with the Y-family
197(4)
Section 3.7 W- and H-family masses and 20-subfamily charges
201(4)
Section 3.8 Possibilities regarding O-family masses
205(6)
Section 3.9 Masses and charges of C-family and 1Q-subfamily particles
211(10)
Section 3.10 Some interactions between elementary bosons and fermions
221(3)
Section 3.11 MM1MS1-neutrino oscillations
224(2)
Section 3.12 The fine-structure constant
226(1)
Section 3.13 Other aspects regarding particles, properties, and interactions
227(6)
Chapter 4 From particles to cosmology and astrophysics
233(41)
Section 4.1 Introduction
233(1)
Section 4.2 The rate of expansion of the universe
234(5)
Section 4.3 Dark energy and dark matter
239(19)
Section 4.4 Objects containing ordinary matter and dark matter
258(3)
Section 4.5 Baryon asymmetry
261(2)
Section 4.6 Phenomena that people model via general relativity
263(4)
Section 4.7 The galaxy rotation problem
267(2)
Section 4.8 The spacecraft flyby anomaly
269(1)
Section 4.9 Quasars
270(1)
Section 4.10 Cosmic microwave background cooling
271(1)
Section 4.11 Quark-based plasmas
272(2)
Chapter 5 From MM1MS1 models to traditional models
274(13)
Section 5.1 The Standard Model
274(10)
Section 5.2 The cosmology timeline
284(3)
Chapter 6 From MM1MS1 models to traditional theories
287(27)
Section 6.1 Classical-physics models, QMUSPR models, and MM1MS1 models
287(10)
Section 6.2 Atomic physics
297(6)
Section 6.3 Special relativity
303(2)
Section 6.4 General relativity
305(9)
Chapter 7 From the MM1 meta-model to perspective
314(27)
Section 7.1 The MM1 meta-model and ENS48, ENS6, and ENS1 models
314(2)
Section 7.2 Bases for tables of elementary particles
316(4)
Section 7.3 Tables showing elementary particles and related concepts
320(4)
Section 7.4 Necessity and sufficiency of some particles and models
324(4)
Section 7.5 Possible MM1MS1-correlated opportunities for research
328(10)
Section 7.6 Possible general opportunities
338(3)
Chapter 8 Appendices
341(3)
Section 8.1 Some physics numbers
341(1)
Section 8.2 Numbers of generators for groups SU(j]
342(2)
Chapter 9 Compendia
344(29)
Section 9.1 Acronyms
344(2)
Section 9.2 Summaries of sections and names of tables
346(24)
Section 9.3 References
370(3)
Bibliography 373(2)
Index 375