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E-raamat: Moderating Usability Tests: Principles and Practices for Interacting

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Interactive Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Apr-2008
  • Kirjastus: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080558271
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Interactive Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Apr-2008
  • Kirjastus: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080558271
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Many aspects of usability testing have been thoroughly studied and documented. This isn’t true, however, of the details of interacting with the test participants who provide the critical usability data. This omission has meant that there have been no training materials and no principles from which new moderators can learn how to interact.

Moderating Usability Tests is the place for new and experienced moderators to learn about the rules and practices for interacting that have never been described in one place before. Authors Dumas and Loring draw on their combined 40 years of usability testing experience to develop and present the most effective principles and practices - both practical and ethical --for moderating successful usability tests.

To help usability professionals, students, and novices understand these principles, the authors provide videos from their lab that demonstrate good and poor interaction as well as commentary from a panel of testing experts on why certain techniques succeed or fail. The videos are accessible from the publisher’s companion web site.

• Presents the ten “golden rules? that maximize every session’s value
• Offers targeted advice on how to maintain objectivity
• Discusses the ethical considerations that apply in all usability testing
• Explains how to reduce the stress that participants often feel
• Considers the special requirements of remote usability testing
• Demonstrates good and bad moderating techniques with laboratory videos accessible from the publisher’s companion web site

Many aspects of usability testing have been thoroughly studied and documented. This isn’t true, however, of the details of interacting with the test participants who provide the critical usability data. This omission has meant that there have been no training materials and no principles from which new moderators can learn how to interact.

Moderating Usability Tests is the place for new and experienced moderators to learn about the rules and practices for interacting that have never been described in one place before. Authors Dumas and Loring draw on their combined 40 years of usability testing experience to develop and present the most effective principles and practices - both practical and ethical --for moderating successful usability tests.

To help usability professionals, students, and novices understand these principles, the authors provide videos from their lab that demonstrate good and poor interaction as well as commentary from a panel of testing experts on why certain techniques succeed or fail. The videos are accessible from the publisher’s companion web site.

• Presents the ten “golden rules that maximize every session’s value
• Offers targeted advice on how to maintain objectivity
• Discusses the ethical considerations that apply in all usability testing
• Explains how to reduce the stress that participants often feel
• Considers the special requirements of remote usability testing
• Demonstrates good and bad moderating techniques with laboratory videos accessible from the publisher’s companion web site

Arvustused

"Joe and Beth really know their stuff, and theyve put together a book thats enormously valuable for usability professionals and usability amateurs. Whether youve conducted hundreds of tests or are about to try your first one, you owe it to yourself--and your team...and your test participants--to read this." --Steve Krug, author of Dont Make Me Think

"Interacting with participants in a calm and neutral manner may well be the most difficult part of doing usability testing. Now you no longer have to worry about how to do that. Just follow Dumas and Loring's wonderful, practical advice and you will be prepared not only for typical encounters, but also for the unusual and unexpected, for doing remote testing, and for working with special populations. Moderating Usability Tests is a great resource for anyone who interacts with usability test participants." --Janice (Ginny) Redish, President, Redish & Associates, Inc.

"Everyone talks about research methods, but the formal aspects of those methods only get you so far. The difference between getting a little data or a lot of data, only discovering problems or getting ideas about solutions, bias or validity, throw-away data versus generalizable insights, often depend on the soft skills, the ability to effectively moderate testing. In the past, you were expected to get these skills through apprenticeships or trial and error. Moderating Usability Tests: Principles for Interacting with Participants removes the mystery and provides practical advice on how to get the most out of research. It will be invaluable to students learning about usability testing for the first time, people newly charged with evaluating products, and even old hands looking to refine and improve their technique." --Arnold Lund, Director of User Experience, Microsoft

"You may not think that being a Gracious Host” is among your assignments in moderating a usability test, but you will learn why this and other roles with similarly illuminating names are important to your success. In this generous book, Dumas and Loring give the benefit of their decades of experience and astute observation of both the foundational and the subtle aspects of conducting usability tests. Many questions you didn't think to ask until you were on the hot seat are answered here, and will help you achieve a level of confidence as a test moderator that may have seemed beyond reach, even if your participants are from challenging-to-test populations. With this highly ethical and thoroughly grounded program for developing moderator skills and avoiding pitfalls, Dumas and Loring make a strong contribution to the body of knowledge on testing products. The big surprise of the book is that their clear, reasoned, and detailed suggestions about interacting with test participants and developers will likely spill over and improve your relationships with co-workers, family, neighbors, and friends." --Elisabeth Bayle, Bayle Collaborations

"At this point, virtually everyone in the software industry knows what usability testing is. An unfortunate side effect of this awareness is that many people are conducting usability testing who have no idea how to do so in a way that will yield valid, reliable and useful data. Other than the design of the test itself, proper and effective moderation of test sessions is one of the most important - and least understood - aspects of usability testing. Here is a book by two highly regarded experts that covers this topic thoroughly in a very readable format. No one who has not already been well trained should attempt to conduct usability testing without first reading this book cover to cover, and viewing all the excellent videos the authors provide." --Deborah J. Mayhew, Deborah J. Mayhew & Associates

Muu info

Ten golden rules for successful usability testing
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
About the Authors xvii
Introduction
1(6)
Why This Book?
1(1)
What Is Usability Testing?
2(1)
The Importance of Moderating Skills
3(1)
The Golden Rules of Moderating
3(1)
Cultural Points of View
4(1)
About the Sidebars in This Book
4(1)
About the Videos that Accompany This Book
4(1)
About the Companion Web Site
5(2)
Getting started as a test moderator
7(12)
What Makes a Great Moderator?
7(2)
Understanding usability testing
7(1)
The basics of interacting
8(1)
The ability to establish and maintain a rapport
8(1)
Lots of practice
9(1)
Roles of a Moderator
9(3)
The Gracious Host
9(1)
The Leader
10(1)
The Neutral Observer
10(1)
Other possible roles
11(1)
When roles change
11(1)
When roles conflict
11(1)
Testing Locations
12(1)
Test Preparation
12(3)
Planning ahead
12(2)
Planning for many tasks
14(1)
Understanding the domain and product
15(1)
Jump-Starting Your Moderating Skills
15(4)
Six things you can do first
15(1)
The big challenges
16(3)
Golden rules 1 through 5
19(20)
Rule 1: Decide How to Interact Based on the Purpose of the Test
20(3)
The type of test
20(1)
The product's stage of development
21(1)
Relationship with developers
22(1)
Rule 2: Protect Participants' Rights
23(3)
Compensation
23(1)
Informed consent
23(1)
Confidentiality
24(2)
Balance of purpose and risk
26(1)
Priorities
26(1)
Rule 3: Remember Your Responsibility to Future Users
26(2)
Letting participants struggle
27(1)
Conflicting responsibilities
28(1)
Rule 4: Respect the Participants as Experts, but Remain in Charge
28(5)
Controlling logistics and pacing
28(1)
Stopping unacceptable behavior
29(1)
Dealing with uncertainty
29(1)
Projecting authority
30(1)
Dispelling negativity
31(1)
Managing visitors
32(1)
Rule 5: Be Professional, Which Includes Being Genuine
33(6)
Dos for making and maintaining a connection
33(2)
Don'ts for making and maintaining a connection
35(2)
When you're not in the room
37(2)
Golden rules 6 through 10
39(12)
Rule 6: Let the Participants Speak!
39(3)
Speakership
40(1)
Appropriate interruptions
40(1)
Judicious speaking
41(1)
Silent communication
41(1)
Rule 7: Remember That Your Intuition Can Hurt and Help You
42(1)
Your intuition can hurt you
42(1)
Your intuition can help you
42(1)
Rule 8: Be Unbiased
43(3)
Use an unbiased test script
43(1)
Use unbiased questions
44(1)
Keep answers unbiased
45(1)
Watch nonverbal cues
45(1)
Rule 9: Don't Give Away Information Inadvertently
46(2)
Giving an assist
46(1)
Explaining the designer's intent or being defensive
47(1)
Recording all suggestions
48(1)
Rule 10: Watch Yourself to Keep Sharp
48(3)
Initial contacts
51(20)
Recruiting
51(8)
Contacting participants
52(1)
Advertising
53(1)
Explaining the test
54(3)
Screening candidates
57(2)
Confirming appointments
59(1)
When Participants Arrive
59(5)
Greeting participants
60(1)
Creating comfort
60(1)
Obtaining informed consent
61(3)
The Pretest Briefing
64(4)
Preparing yourself
64(1)
Preparing participants
64(1)
Using a script or checklist
65(1)
Practicing the think-aloud technique
66(1)
Confirming that participants are ready
67(1)
Transitioning to the Tasks
68(3)
Starting the tasks
68(1)
Conducting a pretest interview
68(3)
Interacting during the session
71(20)
Interacting for a Reason
71(1)
Keeping Them Talking
72(1)
Prompting as a reminder
72(1)
Prompting the silent ones
73(1)
When and How to Probe
73(3)
Probing questions
74(1)
Planned versus spontaneous probes
74(1)
Probes to avoid
75(1)
Common probes
75(1)
Providing Encouragement
76(1)
Encouraging statements to avoid
76(1)
Common encouraging statements
77(1)
Dealing with Failure
77(6)
Participants'self-blame
78(1)
The moderator's distress
78(1)
The participant's distress
79(1)
Responses to participants' distress
80(1)
Stopping a test
81(1)
What you shouldn't do when a participant fails
82(1)
Providing Assistance
83(8)
An assist
83(1)
Giving assistance
84(1)
Interventions versus assists
85(1)
Not giving assistance
85(1)
Levels of assistance
86(1)
Completing a task for a participant
87(1)
Measuring assists
88(3)
Interacting during post-test activities
91(14)
Maintaining Your Roles
91(1)
Determining the Order of Activities
92(1)
Clarifying Things That Occurred during the Test
93(1)
Administering Ratings and Questionnaires
94(3)
Questionnaires
94(1)
Reasons behind the ratings
95(1)
Accuracy of ratings
96(1)
Asking Open-Ended Questions
97(1)
Allowing Others to Interact with Participants
98(2)
Final Activities
100(5)
Providing incentives
100(1)
Ending the session
101(4)
Interacting in a remote test session
105(18)
What Is Remote Testing?
105(4)
Synchronous and asynchronous testing
105(1)
The technology
106(1)
Advantages and disadvantages
107(2)
Preparing for the Session
109(5)
Recruiting
109(1)
Obtaining informed consent and confidentiality
110(1)
Determining the equipment candidates have
110(3)
Establishing willingness and downloading software
113(1)
Interacting during the Session
114(9)
Establishing what participants see on their screen
116(1)
Providing instructions on thinking aloud
116(1)
Making the task scenarios available to participants
117(1)
Avoiding dependencies between tasks
118(1)
Managing visitors during the session
118(1)
Dealing with distractions at the participants' end
119(2)
Making a connection despite the physical distance
121(2)
Moderator-participant arrangements
123(10)
A Bit of History
124(1)
Physical Arrangement
125(1)
The moderator in the test room
125(1)
The moderator not in the test room
126(1)
Beliefs about Arrangements
126(2)
Physical separation
126(1)
Physical proximity
127(1)
Choice of Arrangement
128(2)
Being physically close to participants
128(1)
Being physically separated from participants
129(1)
Considerations for the Practitioner
130(3)
Interacting with diverse populations
133(24)
General Guidelines
134(4)
People with Physical Disabilities
138(7)
Interacting with the physically disabled
139(1)
Interacting with blind participants
140(3)
Interacting with deaf and hard-of-hearing participants
143(2)
The Elderly
145(2)
Recruiting elders
145(1)
Interacting with elders
146(1)
People Who Have Low Literacy Skills
147(2)
Functional illiteracy
147(1)
Interacting with functionally illiterate participants
148(1)
Testing with low-literacy participants
149(1)
Children and Teens
149(3)
Grouping children by age
150(1)
Recruiting children and teens
150(2)
Interacting during the session
152(1)
People From Other Cultures
152(5)
Interacting with participants from the same and other cultures
153(2)
Adapting your techniques
155(2)
Integrating the videos
157(12)
About the Videos
157(2)
The test session videos
157(1)
Use of the videos
158(1)
Content of the Videos
159(3)
Video 1: Pretest briefing with a checklist
159(1)
Video 2: Pretest briefing following a script
159(3)
Video 3: Interacting during the session, example 1
162(1)
Video 4: Interacting during the session, example 2
162(1)
Video 5: Interacting in a remote testing situation
162(1)
Video 6: Post-test interview
162(1)
The Future of Usability Testing
162(7)
Current trends
164(3)
What's next?
167(2)
References 169(6)
Index 175
Joe Dumas is a recognized expert in usability evaluation. He has 25 years experience as a usability professional. He as moderated or observed others moderate thousands of usability testing sessions and taught numerous students and usability professionals how to moderate. He is the author of A practical guide to usability testing (with Ginny Redish), Designing user interfaces for software, and numerous articles, both for researchers and practitioners. He is currently a Usability Consultant for Oracle Corporation. He was a Senior Human Factors Specialist at Bentley Colleges Design and Usability Center and taught graduate courses in the colleges Human Factors in Information Design Masters Degree program. He has a Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology.