A review of modern approaches existing nowadays in ecological modelling of forest ecosystems in boreal and temperate forests. The book contains data on contemporary approaches in intensively developed simulation modelling of forest stands, soils and whole ecosystems as well; an analysis of existing spatial forest models and their significance and development; and a comprehensive discussion of theoretical (analytical) models of forest communities. The idea of a system of forest models for more effective solving of different theoretical and practical problems is also discussed. This work is particularly useful in its critical reviewing of modern achievements in forest ecosystem modelling and its discussion of more promising trends of forest modelling with an increase of their practical significance in the near future.
| Preface |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (6) |
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Simulation Models of Forest Ecosystems |
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7 | (34) |
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7 | (1) |
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Models of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics |
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7 | (9) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (5) |
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Discussion and conclusions |
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14 | (2) |
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Simulation Models of Forest Dynamics |
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16 | (25) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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Growth-yield individual-based models |
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23 | (1) |
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Individual-based gap models |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Growth-yield stand models |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Whole ecosystem combination (combined or hybrid) models |
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27 | (3) |
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The discrete description of the ontogeny of plants and trees |
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30 | (5) |
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Regional models of forest dynamics |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (28) |
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41 | (3) |
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The Concept of the Free-Growing Tree |
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44 | (2) |
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Model of Tree Stand on the Free-Growth Equation and Spatial Tesselations |
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46 | (3) |
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Statistical Analysis of Spatial Structures and its Applications to Populations of Trees and Other Plants |
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49 | (8) |
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Aims of analysing the spatial pattern of tree and plant communities |
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49 | (1) |
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Traditional methods of analysing of patterns of plants displacement |
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50 | (1) |
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Statistical methods based on Markov random fields (i.e., system with local interactions) |
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51 | (1) |
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A binary variable on lattice |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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Marked point process with interaction |
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54 | (2) |
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Analysis of spatial pattern using second order statistics |
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56 | (1) |
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Modelling of Spatial Structure |
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57 | (3) |
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Spatial Analytical Models of Competition |
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60 | (9) |
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Spatial models of tree biomass characteristics dynamics |
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62 | (1) |
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Models of two competing plant species |
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63 | (3) |
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The ecological field theory |
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66 | (3) |
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Analytical Models of Tree Populations and Forest Communities |
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69 | (26) |
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The Hierarchical System of Mathematical Models of Forest Communities |
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69 | (3) |
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Analytical Models and Basic Principles of Their Construction |
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72 | (3) |
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Example: Dynamic Model of Tree Stand Growth (DMTG) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (3) |
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The Concept of a Single Plant Ecosystem |
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78 | (1) |
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Gap-Models of Forest Communities |
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78 | (2) |
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The Problem of Expansion of Spatial and Temporal Scales and the Creation of a Mathematical Theory of Gap-modelling |
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80 | (1) |
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Individual-Based or Structural Models of Populations |
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81 | (3) |
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Structural Models of Meta-populations |
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84 | (2) |
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Enlarging the Spatial and Time Scales and Meta-population Forest Models |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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Structural model of succession |
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89 | (1) |
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Succession and Ergodicity |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (4) |
| References |
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99 | |
Oleg G. Chertov, Dr. of Biological Sciences (Ecology, University of Tartu, Estonia, 1978) is Professor, Dept. Of Systems Ecology, Pushchino State University, Russia; Head, Lab of Soil Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Russia; Invited Professor, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. Alexander S. Komarov, Ph.D. (1986), in Ecology, Moscow State Pedagogic University is Head, Lab of Ecosystems Modelling, Institute of Basic Problems of Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; Professor and Chair, Dept. Of Systems Ecology, Pushchino State University, Pushchino Moscow area, Russia. Georgy P. Karev, Dr. of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Applied Mathematics, University of Moscow, 1993); Centre of Forest Ecology and Productivity Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
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