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E-raamat: Morphology and Mind: A Unified Approach to Explanation in Linguistics

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Morphology and Mind: A Unified Approach to Explanation in LinguisticsSuurem pilt
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The central concern of this book is the explanation of linguistic form. It examines in detail certain cross-linguistic patterns in morphological systems, providing unified explanations of the observation that suffixes predominate over prefixes and the correlation between affix position and syntactic head position. The explanation of the suffixing preference is one which appeals to principles of language processing, tempered by cognitive constraints underlying language change. These factors, coupled with generative morphological analysis, also provide an explanation for the head/affix correlation.

The extended case-study illustrates a unified, integrative approach to explanation in linguistics which stresses two major features: the search for cognitive or other functional principles that could potentially underlie formally specified regularities; and the need for a micro-analysis of the mechanisms of ‘linkage’ between regularity and explanation. The natural methodological consequence of such an approach is a move towards greater cooperation between the various subdisciplines of linguistics, as well as a greatly needed expansion of cross-disciplinary research. The author’s broad training in theoretical morphology, formal and typological universals, and language processing, allows him to cross traditional boundaries and view the complex interactions between theoretical linguistic principles and cognitive mechanisms with considerable clarity of vision.

Preface xiii
Abbreviations xviii
1 Explanation in linguistics
1(38)
1.1 The formal approach to explanation
2(4)
1.2 Problems with the formal approach
6(21)
1.2.1 The fundamental problem
6(2)
1.2.2 Alternative sources of explanation
8(7)
1.2.3 Empirical evidence for innateness
15(7)
1.2.4 Typological universals
22(2)
1.2.5 Explanation of historical change
24(2)
1.2.6 The achievement of explanatory adequacy
26(1)
1.3 The functional approach to explanation
27(5)
1.4 Problems with the functional approach
32(4)
1.5 A unified approach to explanation
36(3)
1.5.1 Defining the unified approach
36(1)
1.5.2 Applying the unified approach
37(2)
2 Morphological regularity
39(10)
2.1 The data and universals
40(4)
2.1.1 Greenberg (1966)
40(1)
2.1.2 Hawkins and Gilligan (1988)
41(3)
2.2 Problems with the data and universals
44(5)
3 Affixes and heads
49(35)
3.1 The notion `head of a word'
50(20)
3.1.1 Syntactic approaches
51(1)
3.1.1.1 X' syntax and percolation
51(4)
3.1.1.2 The positional criterion
55(8)
3.1.1.3 A revised definition of headship
63(2)
3.1.1.4 Assessment
65(1)
3.1.2 Semantic approaches
66(4)
3.2 Cross-linguistic factors
70(8)
3.2.1 Head serialisation
70(4)
3.2.2 A diachronic perspective
74(4)
3.3 Psycholinguistic factors
78(4)
3.3.1 Serialisation in the syntax
78(2)
3.3.2 Serialisation in the morphology
80(2)
3.4 Conclusion
82(2)
4 The diachronic link
84(28)
4.1 The historical account
85(12)
4.1.1 `Today's morphology': the origin of affixes
85(6)
4.1.2 `Yesterday's syntax': SOV as universal word order
91(2)
4.1.3 Problems with the SOV account
93(3)
4.1.4 Assessment of the historical account
96(1)
4.2 Phonological decay and semantic redundancy
97(10)
4.2.1 Phonological decay
97(6)
4.2.2 Semantic redundancy
103(4)
4.3 A revised historical account
107(5)
5 Understanding affixes
112(52)
5.1 Modelling the mental lexicon
112(31)
5.1.1 Three models of lexical access
113(1)
5.1.1.1 The Cohort Model
114(9)
5.1.1.2 The Logogen Model
123(2)
5.1.1.3 The Search Model
125(2)
5.1.1.4 Assessment
127(1)
5.1.2 The global organisation of the lexicon
128(2)
5.7.5 Morphologically complex words
130(1)
5.1.3.1 Representation
130(5)
5.7.5.2 Access
135(8)
5.2 Morphologically complex words in a Cohort-based model
143(13)
5.2.7 Representation
143(6)
5.2.2 Access
149(3)
5.2.5 Opacity
152(3)
5.2.4 Some conclusions
155(1)
5.3 A processing explanation for the suffixing preference
156(6)
5.5.7 The Cutler et al. processing account
156(3)
5.5.2 Problems with the Cutler et al. account
159(3)
5.4 Conclusion
162(2)
6 A micro-analysis of historical change
164(31)
6.1 Refining the hypothesis
165(18)
6.1.1 The flirting process
165(6)
6.1.2 Objections and exceptions
171(4)
6.1.3 Simplicity of representation
175(3)
6.1.4 Lexical reanalysis and borrowing
178(5)
6.2 Testing the hypothesis
183(9)
6.2.1 Novel forms
184(2)
6.2.2 Experimental evidence
186(1)
6.2.2.1 Rationale
186(2)
6.2.2.2 The experiment
188(2)
6.2.2.3 Results and analysis
190(1)
6.2.3 Discussion
191(1)
6.3 Conclusion: a unified explanation of morphological regularity
192(3)
Appendices
195(3)
1 Pretest materials
195(2)
2 Tear items with pretest familiarity scores
197(1)
Notes 198(12)
Bibliography 210(11)
Index 221
Hall, Christopher J.
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