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E-raamat: Multi-Dimensional Summarization in Cyber-Physical Society

(Aston University, Birmingham, England. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China)
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Multi-Dimensional Summarization in Cyber-Physical Society summarizes previous text summarization approaches in a multi-dimensional classification space, introduces a multi-dimensional methodology for research and development, unveils the basic characteristics and principles of language use and understanding, investigates some fundamental mechanisms of summarization, studies dimensions and diversity in representations, and proposes a multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism.Investigation extends to incorporating pictures into summary and to the summarization of videos, graphs, and pictures, and converges to a general summarization method. In addition, basic behaviors of summarization are studied in the complex space of cyberspace, physical space, and social space. Finally, the limitation of summarization is pointed out, with the notion of innovative summarization proposed, including four basic viewpoints, including, a representation suitable for summarization should have a core indicated by its intention and extension, summarization is an open process of interactions involved in various explicit and implicit citations, summary has diverse forms carried out through multiple dimensions, and automatic summarization has a limitation, and linking summarization to cyberspace, physical space, and social space to establish a human-machine-nature symbiotic environment is a way to approach and even break the limitation.Discusses Multi-dimensional summarization of texts, pictures, videos, and graphs and how to quickly attract attention, represent the core, and effectively convey meaning according to user interestsProvides a multi-dimensional methodology which can be used to effectively summarize content into an effective medium and displayPresents summarization as a tool to effectively analyze big data and discusses recent advances in this realmIncludes the basic behaviors of summarization studied in the complex space of cyberspace, physical space, and social space.

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This insightful resource presents a methodology for general summarization in cyber-physical-social space through a multi-dimensional lens of semantic computing. It transforms the paradigm of summarization research and deepens people's understanding on semantics, dimension, knowledge and computing.
About the Author xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgment xvii
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 Open collaborative human summarization
1(3)
1.2 The necessity of automatic text summarization
4(1)
1.3 Practice in search engines
5(4)
1.4 Practice in e-science: summarizing multiple scientific papers through citation
9(4)
1.5 A multi-dimensional perspective of summarization literature
13(2)
1.6 Characteristics of text summarization
15(1)
1.7 Requirement from enterprise content computing and big data
16(2)
1.8 Shifting paradigm
18(3)
2 The emerging structures
21(24)
2.1 Near decomposability
21(1)
2.2 Text as near decomposable system
22(1)
2.3 The near decomposability of memory
23(1)
2.4 The structure emerging through representing and understanding
24(1)
2.5 Principles for emerging sentences within text
25(1)
2.6 Rules for emerging structure within text
26(1)
2.7 Case study: summarizing text with emerging structure
27(8)
2.8 Emerging structure through dimensions
35(1)
2.9 Emerging from psychological dimension
36(2)
2.10 The cognitive level of current text summarization
38(1)
2.11 Semantic link
39(3)
2.12 Summary
42(3)
3 Patterns in representation and understanding
45(10)
3.1 Patterns in text
45(3)
3.2 Pattern mappings
48(1)
3.3 Pattern-based summarization
49(1)
3.4 Incorporating locations into pattern
50(1)
3.5 From psychological dimension
51(1)
3.6 Implications
52(3)
4 The think lens
55(12)
4.1 The conceptual model
55(5)
4.2 The semantic images of words
60(3)
4.3 The principle of emerging semantic images
63(4)
5 Multi-dimensional methodology
67(26)
5.1 Dimension
67(3)
5.2 Category
70(1)
5.3 Dimension and space
71(6)
5.4 Discovering dimensions
77(13)
5.5 The space of methodologies
90(2)
5.6 Summary
92(1)
6 Characteristics and principles of understanding and representation
93(8)
6.1 The level of representation
93(1)
6.2 The core
93(2)
6.3 Characteristics, principles and strategies
95(6)
7 Implicit links in multi-dimensional space
101(6)
7.1 Implicit links
101(2)
7.2 Discovering implicit semantic links
103(1)
7.3 Observing from the psychological dimension
104(1)
7.4 Observing from the art dimension
105(2)
8 General citation
107(8)
8.1 A dual semantic link network
107(2)
8.2 Citation
109(2)
8.3 General citation
111(1)
8.4 Extension and intension
111(3)
8.5 Summarization as citation
114(1)
9 Dimensions of summary
115(8)
9.1 Dimension as computing
115(1)
9.2 The dimensions for structuring summary
115(3)
9.3 Summarization ondemand
118(2)
9.4 Forms
120(3)
10 Multi-dimensional evaluation
123(2)
11 Incorporating pictures into a summary
125(6)
11.1 Advantages
125(2)
11.2 Strategies
127(4)
12 Summarizing videos, graphs and pictures
131(4)
12.1 Summarizing videos
131(1)
12.2 Summarizing graphs
132(1)
12.3 Summarizing pictures
133(2)
13 General framework of summarization
135(6)
13.1 Unification
135(1)
13.2 Transformation with dimension reduction
136(1)
13.3 Cognitive level
137(1)
13.4 Representation lattice
138(1)
13.5 Display
139(2)
14 Summarization of things in Cyber-Physical Society
141(8)
14.1 Cyber-Physical Society
141(1)
14.2 The necessity of investigating summarization in Cyber-Physical Society
142(1)
14.3 Representation and interaction in Cyber-Physical Society
143(2)
14.4 Principles
145(2)
14.5 Personality
147(2)
15 Limitations and challenges
149(4)
15.1 Limitations of automatic summarization
149(1)
15.2 Active documents
150(1)
15.3 Challenges
150(3)
16 Creative summarization
153(18)
16.1 Unconventional mapping
153(1)
16.2 Information modeling
153(9)
16.3 Cognition modeling system
162(1)
16.4 Knowledge space modeling system
163(1)
16.5 Human-machine-nature symbiosis
164(2)
16.6 Extend to brain
166(1)
16.7 Incorporating learning theories and techniques
167(1)
16.8 The emotion dimension
168(3)
17 Conclusion
171(2)
Appendix A Human---machine---nature symbiosis 173(6)
References 179
Hai Zhuge is a chair in computer science at Aston University and a joint professor at the Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing at the Institute of Computing Technology in University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Zhuge is a recognized pioneer and leader of Cyber-Physical Society research and Knowledge Grid research. He has made significant contribution to semantics modelling, data modelling and knowledge modelling and management. His research has received over 5,000 citations. He is a Distinguished Scientist of ACM, a Fellow of British Computer Society, and an Associate Editor of IEEE Intelligent Systems. He previously authored The Web Resource Space Model, Springer (2008) and The Knowledge Grid -- Toward Cyber-Physical Society 2E, World Scientific Publishing Co (2012).