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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Introduction: Multiscale Analysis - Modeling, Data, Networks, and Nonlinear Dynamics |
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1 | (18) |
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Misha (Meyer) Z. Pesenson |
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5 | (5) |
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1.1.1 Domain-Specific Modeling |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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1.1.3 Model Interpretation and Verification: Experimental/Simulation Data |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2 Multiresolution Analysis and Processing of High-Dimensional Information/Data |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3 Multiscale Analysis, Networks, and Nonlinear Dynamics |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (5) |
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14 | (5) |
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Part One Multiscale Analysis |
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19 | (64) |
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2 Modeling Across Scales: Discrete Geometric Structures in Homogenization and Inverse Homogenization |
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21 | (44) |
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21 | (2) |
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2.2 Homogenization of Conductivity Space |
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23 | (1) |
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22.1 Homogenization as a Nonlinear Operator |
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24 | (7) |
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2.2.2 Parameterization of the Conductivity Space |
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26 | (5) |
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2.3 Discrete Geometric Homogenization |
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31 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Homogenization by Volume Averaging |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Homogenization by Linear Interpolation |
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33 | (4) |
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2.3.3 Semigroup Properties in Geometric Homogenization |
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37 | (2) |
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2.4 Optimal Weighted Delaunay Triangulations |
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39 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Construction of Positive Dirichlet Weights |
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40 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Weighted Delaunay and Q-Adapted Triangulations |
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43 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Computing Optimal Weighted Delaunay Meshes |
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44 | (3) |
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2.5 Relationship to Inverse Homogenization |
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47 | (2) |
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2.6 Electrical Impedance Tomography |
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49 | (16) |
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52 | (1) |
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2.6.1.1 Harmonic Coordinate Iteration |
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53 | (2) |
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2.6.1.2 Divergence-Free Parameterization Recovery |
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55 | (6) |
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61 | (4) |
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3 Multiresolution Analysis on Compact Riemannian Manifolds |
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65 | (18) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2 Compact Manifolds and Operators |
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66 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Manifolds without Boundary |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Compact Homogeneous Manifolds |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Bounded Domains with Smooth Boundaries |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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3.4 Multiresolution and Sampling |
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70 | (2) |
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3.5 Shannon Sampling of Band-limited Functions on Manifolds |
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72 | (1) |
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3.6 Localized Frames on Compact Manifolds |
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73 | (3) |
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3.7 Parseval Frames on Homogeneous Manifolds |
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76 | (3) |
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3.8 Variational Splines on Manifolds |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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Part Two Nonlinear Dynamics: Cenelets and Synthetic Biochemical Circuits |
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83 | (64) |
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4 Transcriptional Oscillators |
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85 | (28) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2 Synthetic Transcriptional Modules |
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86 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Elementary Activation and Inhibition Pathways, and Simple Loops |
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87 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Experimental Implementation |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (7) |
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4.3.1 A Two-Node Molecular Oscillator |
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90 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Analysis of the Oscillatory Regime |
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91 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Experimental Implementation and Data |
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95 | (1) |
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4.4 Scaling Up Molecular Circuits: Synchronization of Molecular Processes |
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96 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Analysis of the Load Dynamics |
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97 | (2) |
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4.4.1.1 Quasisteady State Approximation of the Load Dynamics |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.1.2 Efficiency of Signal Transmission |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Perturbation of the Oscillator Caused by the Load |
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100 | (1) |
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4.4.2.1 Consumptive Coupling |
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100 | (1) |
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4.4.2.2 Nonconsumptive Coupling and Retroactivity |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1 Reduction of Perturbations on the Oscillator Dynamics |
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103 | (1) |
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4.4.3.2 Signal Transmission to the Insulated Load |
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104 | (1) |
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4.5 Oscillator Driving a Load: Experimental Implementation and Data |
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105 | (1) |
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4.6 Deterministic Predictive Models for Complex Reaction Networks |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (3) |
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110 | (3) |
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5 Synthetic Biochemical Dynamic Circuits |
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113 | (34) |
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113 | (1) |
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5.2 Out-of-Equilibrium Chemical Systems |
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114 | (9) |
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5.2.1 A Short Historical Overview |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.1.1 Discovery of Nonlinear Chemical Systems |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2.1.2 Unexpected Oscillating Chemical Systems |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Building Nonequilibrium Systems |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2.2.1 Energetic Requirements |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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5.2.2.3 Instabilities and Dynamic Stability |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.2.3.2 Interacting Feedbacks Processes |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Biological Networks Modeled by Chemistry |
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123 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Biosystems: A Multilevel Complexity |
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124 | (1) |
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5.3.3 A First Example of a Biological Reaction Circuit |
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124 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Biological Networking Strategy |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.4.1 GRNs Are Templated Networks |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.4.2 Regulation and Feedback Loops |
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125 | (2) |
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5.3.4.3 Nonlinearities in Genetic Regulation |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.3.4.5 Titration Effects |
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129 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Higher Level Motifs and Modularity of Biochemical Networks |
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129 | (1) |
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5.4 Programmable In Vitro Dynamics |
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130 | (9) |
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130 | (1) |
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5.4.1.1 DNA-RNA Sequence Amplification |
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131 | (1) |
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5.4.1.2 The Genelet System |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Nonenzymatic Networks: Strand Displacement Systems |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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5.4.3.1 Mathematical Descriptions |
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135 | (2) |
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5.4.3.2 LSA and Bifurcation Analysis for Design |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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5.4.3.4 Robustness Analysis and In Silico Evolutions |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (8) |
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140 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Self Organizing Spatial Patterns |
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140 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Models of Biological Networks |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (5) |
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Part Three Nonlinear Dynamics: the Brain and the Heart |
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147 | (152) |
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6 Theoretical and Experimental Electrophysiology in Human Neocortex: Multiscale Dynamic Correlates of Conscious Experience |
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149 | (30) |
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6.1 Introduction to Brain Complexity |
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149 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Human Brains and Other Complex Adaptive Systems |
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149 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Is "Consciousness" a Four-Letter Word? |
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150 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Motivations and Target Audiences for this Chapter |
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151 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Brain Imaging at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales |
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151 | (2) |
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6.1.5 Multiple Scales of Brain Dynamics in Consciousness |
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153 | (1) |
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6.2 Brief Overview of Neocortical Anatomy and Physiology |
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154 | (6) |
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6.2.1 The Human Brain at Large Scales |
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154 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Chemical Control of Brain and Behavior |
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155 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Electrical Transmission |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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6.2.5 The Nested Hierarchy of Neocortex: Multiple Scales of Brain Tissue |
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158 | (1) |
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6.2.6 Corticocortical Connections Are Nonlocal and "Small World" |
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159 | (1) |
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6.3 Multiscale Theory in Electrophysiology |
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160 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Characteristic EEG and Physiological Time Scales |
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160 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Local versus Global Brain Models and Spatial Scale |
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161 | (1) |
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6.3.3 A Large-Scale Model of EEG Standing Waves |
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162 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Relationships between Small, Intermediate, and Large Scales: A Simple Mechanical Analog |
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164 | (2) |
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6.4 Statistical Mechanics of Neocortical Interactions |
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166 | (7) |
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6.4.1 SMNI on Short-Term Memory and EEG |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Euler-Lagrange Equations |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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6.4.3.1 Neocortical Magnetic Fields |
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172 | (1) |
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6.4.3.2 SMNI Vector Potential |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (6) |
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174 | (5) |
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7 Multiscale Network Organization in the Human Brain |
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179 | (8) |
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179 | (2) |
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7.2 Mathematical Concepts |
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181 | (1) |
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7.3 Structural Multiscale Organization |
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182 | (5) |
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7.4 A Functional Multiscale Organization |
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187 | (18) |
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191 | (14) |
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7.5.1 Structure and Function |
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191 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Hierarchical Modularity |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Network Models of Multiscale Structure 194 References |
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195 | (10) |
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8 Neuronal Oscillations Scale Up and Scale Down Brain Dynamics |
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205 | (12) |
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205 | (1) |
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8.2 The Brain Web of Cross-Scale Interactions |
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206 | (2) |
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8.3 Multiscale Recordings of the Human Brain |
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208 | (2) |
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8.4 Physiological Correlates of Cross-Level Interactions |
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210 | (2) |
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8.5 Level Entanglement and Cross-Scale Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
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214 | (3) |
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9 Linking Nonlinear Neural Dynamics to Single-Trial Human Behavior |
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217 | (16) |
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9.1 Neural Dynamics Are Complex |
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217 | (1) |
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9.2 Data Analysis Techniques and Possibilities Are Expanding Rapidly |
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218 | (1) |
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9.3 The Importance of Linking Neural Dynamics to Behavior Dynamics |
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219 | (1) |
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9.4 Linear Approaches of Linking Neural and Behavior Dynamics |
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220 | (1) |
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9.5 Nonlinear Dynamics and Behavior Phase Modulations |
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221 | (3) |
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9.6 Cross-Frequency Coupling |
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224 | (2) |
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9.7 Linking Cross-Frequency Coupling to Behavior |
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226 | (2) |
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9.8 Testing for Causal Involvement of Nonlinear Dynamics in Cognition and Behavior |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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229 | (4) |
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10 Brain Dynamics at Rest: How Structure Shapes Dynamics |
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233 | (12) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (3) |
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236 | (1) |
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10.3.1.1 Case of Infinite Conduction Velocity |
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236 | (2) |
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10.3.1.2 Case of Finite Conduction Velocity |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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10.4 Comparison with Experimental Data |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (5) |
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242 | (3) |
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11 Adaptive Multiscale Encoding: A Computational Function of Neuronal Synchronization |
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245 | (12) |
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Misha (Meyer) Z. Pesenson |
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245 | (2) |
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11.2 Some Basic Mathematical Concepts |
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247 | (1) |
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11.3 Neural Synchronization |
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247 | (7) |
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11.3.1 Connections with Some Existing Approaches to MRA |
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253 | (1) |
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11.4 Concluding Remarks 253 References |
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254 | (3) |
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12 Multiscale Nonlinear Dynamics in Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Sparks to Sudden Death |
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257 | (20) |
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257 | (1) |
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12.2 Subcellular Scale: Criticality in the Transition from Ca Sparks to Ca Waves |
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258 | (2) |
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12.3 Cellular Scale: Action Potential and Ca Cycling Dynamics |
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260 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Intracellular Ca Alternans |
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260 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Fast Pacing-Induced Complex APD Dynamics |
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262 | (2) |
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12.3.3 EAD-Mediated Nonlinear Dynamics at Slow Heart Rates |
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264 | (2) |
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12.4 Excitation Dynamics on the Tissue and Organ Scales |
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266 | (5) |
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12.4.1 Spatially Discordant APD Alternans |
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266 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Spiral and Scroll Wave Dynamics |
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267 | (2) |
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12.4.3 Chaos Synchronization |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (6) |
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271 | (6) |
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13 Measures of Spike Train Synchrony: From Single Neurons to Populations |
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277 | (22) |
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277 | (1) |
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13.2 Measures of Spike Train Distance |
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278 | (8) |
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278 | (1) |
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13.2.2 The Victor-Purpura Metric |
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279 | (1) |
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13.2.3 The van Rossum Metric |
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280 | (2) |
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13.2.4 The ISI- and the SPIKE-Distance |
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282 | (2) |
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13.2.4.1 The ISI-Distance |
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284 | (1) |
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13.2.4.2 The SPIKE-Distance |
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285 | (1) |
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13.2.5 Entropy-Based Measure |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (4) |
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13.3.1 The ISI- and the SPIKE-Distance |
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286 | (1) |
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13.3.2 The ISI-Distance and the van Rossum Metric |
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287 | (1) |
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13.3.3 The SPIKE-Distance and the Victor-Purpura Metric |
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288 | (1) |
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13.3.4 Comparison of All Distances on Birdsong Data |
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289 | (1) |
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13.4 Measuring the Dissimilarity within a Population |
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290 | (2) |
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13.5 Measuring the Dissimilarity between Populations |
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292 | (2) |
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13.5.1 The Population Extension of the Victor-Purpura Metric |
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292 | (1) |
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13.5.2 The Population Extension of the van Rossum Metric |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (5) |
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296 | (3) |
Index |
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