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Nanomaterials are being incorporated into products all around us, having an incredible impact on durability, strength, functionality, and other material properties. There are a vast number of nanomaterials presently available, and new formulations and chemistries are being announced daily.

Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications provides product developers, researchers, and materials scientists with a handy resource for understanding the range of options and materials currently available. Covering a variety of nanomaterials and their applications, this practical reference:





Discusses the scale of nanomaterials and nanomachines, focusing on integrated circuits (ICs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Offers insight into different nanomaterials interactions with chemical reactions, biological processes, and the environment Examines the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and potential treatments to enhance the nanomaterials performance Details recent accomplishments in the use of nanomaterials to create new forms of electronic devices Explores the optical properties of certain nanomaterials and the nanomaterials use in optimizing lasers and optical absorbers Describes an energy storage application as well as how nanomaterials from waste products may be used to improve capacitors

Featuring contributions from experts around the globe, Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications serves as a springboard for the discovery of new applications of nanomaterials.

Arvustused

"This book would be useful to those working in the development of nanomaterials, with a specific interest in one or more of the applications described, or for learning about nanomaterial properties in the subject areas presented." IEEE Electrical Insulation, January/February 2017

Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Editors xv
Contributors xvii
Chapter 1 Top Down Meets Bottom Up for Nanoscale CMOS and MEMS
1(22)
Arindam Kushagra
Sampath Satti
V. Ramgopal Rao
Chapter 2 Synthesis and Assembly of Inorganic and Inorganic--Organic Hybrid Nanomaterials by Microreactor-Assisted Chemical Processes
23(30)
Ki-Joong Kim
Chang-Ho Choi
Seung-Yeol Han
Chih-Hung Chang
Chapter 3 Studying Biologically Templated Materials with Atomic Force Microscopy
53(42)
Andrew J. Lee
Christoph Walti
Chapter 4 Environmental Fate and Effects of Nanomaterials in Aquatic Freshwater Environments
95(28)
Arno C. Gutleb
Sebastien Cambier
Teresa Fernandes
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Iseult Lynch
Ailbhe Macken
Kahina Mehennaoui
Ruth Moeller
Carmen Nickel
W. Peijnenburg
Tomasso Serchi
Chapter 5 Magnetron-Sputtered Hard Nanostructured TiAIN Coatings: Strategic Approach toward Potential Improvement
123(22)
Vishal Khetan
Nathalie Valle
Marie Paule Delplancke
Patrick Choquet
Chapter 6 Functional Nanoceramics: A Brief Review on Structure Property Evolutions of Advanced Functional Ceramics Processed Using Microwave and Conventional Techniques
145(22)
Santiranjan Shannigrahi
Mohit Sharma
Chapter 7 Design of Magnetic Semiconductors in Silicon
167(28)
Michael Shaughnessy
Liam Damewood
Ching-Yao Fong
Chapter 8 Solution-Based Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Logic Gate
195(20)
Yan Duan
Jason Juhala
Wei Xue
Chapter 9 On the Possibility of Observing Tunable Laser-Induced Band Gaps in Graphene
215(22)
Hernan L. Calvo
Horacio M. Pastawski
Stephan Roche
Luis E.F. Foa Torres
Chapter 10 Applications of Nanocarbons for High-Efficiency Optical Absorbers and High-Performance Nanoelectromechanical Systems
237(24)
Anupama B. Kaul
Jaesung Lee
Philip X.-L. Feng
Chapter 11 Carbon Nanostructures from Biomass Waste for Supercapacitor Applications
261
Ankit Tyagi
Raju Kumar Gupta
Index 283(412)
Preface viii
PART ONE Leadership Is a Process, Not a Position
1(114)
Chapter 1 What Do We Mean by Leadership?
2(40)
Introduction
2(1)
What Is Leadership?
3(2)
Leadership Is Both a Science and an Art
5(1)
Leadership Is Both Rational and Emotional
6(2)
Leadership and Management
8(3)
Leadership Myths
11(1)
Myth: Good Leadership Is All Common Sense
11(1)
Myth: Leaders Are Born, Not Made
12(1)
Myth: The Only School You Learn Leadership from Is the School of Hard Knocks
13(2)
The Interactional Framework for Analyzing Leadership
15(1)
The Leader
16(2)
The Followers
18(6)
The Situation
24(3)
Illustrating the Interactional Framework: Women in Leadership Roles
27(6)
There Is No Simple Recipe for Effective Leadership
33(2)
Summary
35(7)
Chapter 2 Leader Development
42(43)
Introduction
42(3)
The Action--Observation--Reflection Model
45(2)
The Key Role of Perception in the Spiral of Experience
47(1)
Perception and Observation
47(2)
Perception and Reflection
49(1)
Perception and Action
50(2)
Reflection and Leadership Development
52(2)
Single- and Double-Loop Learning
54(1)
Making the Most of Your Leadership Experiences: Learning to Learn from Experience
55(3)
Leader Development in College
58(2)
Leader Development in Organizational Settings
60(2)
Action Learning
62(4)
Development Planning
66(2)
Coaching
68(3)
Mentoring
71(3)
Building Your Own Leadership Self-image
74(2)
Summary
76(9)
Chapter 3 Skills for Developing Yourself as a Leader
85(30)
Your First 90 Days as a Leader
86(1)
Before You Start: Do Your Homework
86(1)
The First Day: You Get Only One Chance to Make a First Impression
87(1)
The First Two Weeks: Lay the Foundation
88(2)
The First Two Months: Strategy, Structure, and Staffing
90(1)
The Third Month: Communicate and Drive Change
91(1)
Learning from Experience
92(1)
Creating Opportunities to Get Feedback
93(1)
Taking a 10 Percent Stretch
93(1)
Learning from Others
94(1)
Keeping a Journal
94(1)
Having a Developmental Plan
95(1)
Building Technical Competence
96(2)
Determining How the Job Contributes to the Overall Mission
98(1)
Becoming an Expert in the Job
98(1)
Seeking Opportunities to Broaden Experiences
99(1)
Building Effective Relationships with Superiors
99(1)
Understanding the Superior's World
100(1)
Adapting to the Superior's Style
101(1)
Building Effective Relationships with Peers
102(1)
Recognizing Common Interests and Goals
102(1)
Understanding Peers' Tasks, Problems, and Rewards
103(1)
Practicing a Theory Y Attitude
103(1)
Development Planning
104(1)
Conducting a GAPS Analysis
105(2)
Identifying and Prioritizing Development Needs: Gaps of GAPS
107(1)
Bridging the Gaps: Building a Development Plan
108(2)
Reflecting on Learning: Modifying Development Plans
110(1)
Transferring Learning to New Environments
110(5)
PART TWO Focus on the Leader
115(202)
Chapter 4 Power and Influence
116(34)
Introduction
116(1)
Some Important Distinctions
116(3)
Power and Leadership
119(1)
Sources of Leader Power
120(3)
A Taxonomy of Social Power
123(1)
Expert Power
123(1)
Referent Power
124(2)
Legitimate Power
126(1)
Reward Power
127(1)
Coercive Power
128(3)
Concluding Thoughts about French and Raven's Power Taxonomy
131(1)
Leader Motives
132(3)
Influence Tactics
135(1)
Types of Influence Tactics
135(1)
Influence Tactics and Power
136(3)
A Concluding Thought about Influence Tactics
139(3)
Summary
142(8)
Chapter 5 Values, Ethics, and Character
150(35)
Introduction
150(1)
Leadership and "Doing the Right Things"
150(2)
Values
152(4)
Moral Reasoning and Character-Based Leadership
156(10)
Character-Based Approaches to Leadership
166(3)
The Roles of Ethics and Values in Organizational Leadership
169(3)
Leading by Example: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
172(2)
Creating and Sustaining an Ethical Climate
174(3)
Summary
177(8)
Chapter 6 Leadership Attributes
185(56)
Introduction
185(1)
Personality Traits and Leadership
186(1)
What Is Personality?
186(4)
The Five Factor or OCEAN Model of Personality
190(3)
Implications of the Five Factor or OCEAN Model
193(5)
Personality Types and Leadership
198(1)
The Differences between Traits and Types
198(2)
Psychological Preferences as a Personality Typology
200(4)
Implications of Preferences and Types
204(3)
Intelligence and Leadership
207(1)
What Is Intelligence?
207(1)
The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
208(5)
Implications of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
213(4)
Intelligence and Stress: Cognitive Resources Theory
217(3)
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
220(1)
What Is Emotional Intelligence?
220(3)
Can Emotional Intelligence Be Measured and Developed?
223(2)
Implications of Emotional Intelligence
225(3)
Summary
228(13)
Chapter 7 Leadership Behavior
241(36)
Introduction
241(2)
Studies of Leadership Behavior
243(1)
Why Study Leadership Behavior?
243(1)
The Early Studies
243(5)
The Leadership Grid
248(3)
Competency Models
251(3)
The Leadership Pipeline
254(4)
Community Leadership
258(3)
Assessing Leadership Behaviors: Multirater Feedback Instruments
261(7)
Summary
268(9)
Chapter 8 Skills for Building Personal Credibility and Influencing Others
277(40)
Building Credibility
277(1)
The Two Components of Credibility
278(1)
Building Expertise
278(1)
Building Trust
279(2)
Expertise x Trust
281(2)
Communication
283(2)
Know What Your Purpose Is
285(1)
Choose an Appropriate Context and Medium
285(1)
Send Clear Signals
286(1)
Actively Ensure That Others Understand the Message
287(1)
Listening
288(1)
Demonstrate Nonverbally That You Are Listening
289(1)
Actively Interpret the Sender's Message
289(1)
Attend to the Sender's Nonverbal Behavior
290(1)
Avoid Becoming Defensive
290(1)
Assertiveness
291(2)
Use "I" Statements
293(2)
Speak Up for What You Need
295(1)
Learn to Say No
295(1)
Monitor Your Inner Dialogue
295(1)
Be Persistent
296(1)
Conducting Meetings
296(1)
Determine Whether It Is Necessary
297(1)
List the Objectives
297(1)
Stick to the Agenda
298(1)
Provide Pertinent Materials in Advance
298(1)
Make It Convenient
298(1)
Encourage Participation
298(1)
Keep a Record
299(1)
Effective Stress Management
299(3)
Monitor Your Own and Your Followers' Stress Levels
302(1)
Identify What Is Causing the Stress
302(1)
Practice a Healthy Lifestyle
303(1)
Learn How to Relax
303(1)
Develop Supportive Relationships
303(1)
Keep Things in Perspective
304(1)
The A-B-C Model
304(2)
Problem Solving
306(1)
Identifying Problems or Opportunities for Improvement
306(1)
Analyzing the Causes
307(1)
Developing Alternative Solutions
308(1)
Selecting and Implementing the Best Solution
308(1)
Assessing the Impact of the Solution
309(1)
Improving Creativity
309(1)
Seeing Things in New Ways
309(2)
Using Power Constructively
311(1)
Forming Diverse Problem-Solving Groups
311(6)
PART THREE Focus on the Followers
317(162)
The Potter and Rosenbach Followership Model
320(3)
The Curphy and Roellig Followership Model
323(8)
Chapter 9 Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance
331(60)
Introduction
331(1)
Defining Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance
332(6)
Understanding and Influencing Follower Motivation
338(2)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: How Does Context Affect Motivation?
340(2)
Achievement Orientation: How Does Personality Affect Motivation?
342(4)
Goal Setting: How Do Clear Performance Targets Affect Motivation?
346(4)
The Operant Approach: How Do Rewards and Punishment Affect Motivation?
350(6)
Empowerment: How Does Decision-Making Latitude Affect Motivation?
356(4)
Motivation Summary
360(1)
Understanding and Influencing Follower Satisfaction
361(4)
Global, Facet, and Life Satisfaction
365(5)
Three Theories of Job Satisfaction
370(1)
Affectivity: Is the Cup Half Empty or Half Full?
370(2)
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Does Meaningful Work Make People Happy?
372(3)
Organizational Justice: Does Fairness Matter?
375(1)
Summary
376(15)
Chapter 10 Groups, Teams, and Their Leadership
391(50)
Introduction
391(1)
Individuals versus Groups versus Teams
392(2)
The Nature of Groups
394(2)
Group Size
396(1)
Developmental Stages of Groups
397(2)
Group Roles
399(3)
Group Norms
402(2)
Group Cohesion
404(4)
Teams
408(1)
Effective Team Characteristics and Team Building
408(7)
Team Leadership Model
415(1)
Outputs
416(1)
Process
417(2)
Inputs
419(1)
Leadership Prescriptions of the Model
420(1)
Creation
420(1)
Dream
421(1)
Design
421(1)
Development
421(1)
Diagnosis and Leverage Points
422(4)
Concluding Thoughts about the Team Leadership Model
426(3)
Virtual Teams
429(4)
On the Horizon
433(1)
Summary
433(8)
Chapter 11 Skills for Developing Others
441(38)
Setting Goals
441(1)
Goals Should Be Specific and Observable
442(1)
Goals Should Be Attainable but Challenging
442(1)
Goals Require Commitment
443(1)
Goals Require Feedback
444(1)
Providing Constructive Feedback
444(2)
Make It Helpful
446(1)
Be Specific
447(1)
Be Descriptive
447(1)
Be Timely
448(1)
Be Flexible
448(1)
Give Positive as Well as Negative Feedback
449(1)
Avoid Blame or Embarrassment
449(1)
Team Building for Work Teams
449(1)
Team-Building Interventions
450(1)
What Does a Team-Building Workshop Involve?
451(1)
Examples of Interventions
452(1)
Building High-Performance Teams: The Rocket Model
453(2)
Context: What Is the Situation?
455(1)
Mission: What Are We Trying to Accomplish?
455(1)
Talent: Who Is on the Bus?
456(1)
Norms: What Are the Rules?
457(1)
Buy-In: Is Everyone Committed and Engaged?
458(1)
Power: Do We Have Enough Resources?
459(1)
Morale: Can't We All Just Get Along?
459(1)
Results: Are We Winning?
460(1)
Implications of the Rocket Model
461(2)
Delegating
463(1)
Why Delegating Is Important
463(1)
Delegation Frees Time for Other Activities
463(1)
Delegation Develops Followers
464(1)
Delegation Strengthens the Organization
464(1)
Common Reasons for Avoiding Delegation
464(1)
Delegation Takes Too Much Time
464(1)
Delegation Is Risky
464(1)
The Job Will Not Be Done as Well
465(1)
The Task Is a Desirable One
465(1)
Others Are Already Too Busy
465(1)
Principles of Effective Delegation
465(1)
Decide What to Delegate
465(1)
Decide Whom to Delegate To
466(1)
Make the Assignment Clear and Specific
466(1)
Assign an Objective, Not a Procedure
467(1)
Allow Autonomy, but Monitor Performance
467(1)
Give Credit, Not Blame
467(1)
Coaching
468(1)
Forging a Partnership
469(1)
Inspiring Commitment: Conducting a GAPS Analysis
470(1)
Growing Skills: Creating Development and Coaching Plans
471(1)
Promoting Persistence: Helping Followers Stick to Their Plans
472(1)
Transferring Skills: Creating a Learning Environment
473(1)
Concluding Comments
474(5)
PART FOUR Focus on the Situation
479(216)
Chapter 12 The Situation
481(43)
Introduction
481(5)
The Task
486(1)
How Tasks Vary, and What That Means for Leadership
486(2)
Problems and Challenges
488(2)
The Organization
490(1)
From the Industrial Age to the Information Age
490(2)
The Formal Organization
492(3)
The Informal Organization: Organizational Culture
495(6)
A Theory of Organizational Culture
501(3)
An Afterthought on Organizational Issues for Students and Young Leaders
504(1)
The Environment
504(1)
Are Things Changing More Than They Used To?
505(2)
Leading across Societal Cultures
507(4)
What Is Societal Culture?
511(1)
The GLOBE Study
512(3)
Implications for Leadership Practitioners
515(1)
Summary
516(8)
Chapter 13 Contingency Theories of Leadership
524(36)
Introduction
524(1)
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
525(1)
Concluding Thoughts about the LMX Model
526(1)
The Normative Decision Model
527(1)
Levels of Participation
527(1)
Decision Quality and Acceptance
528(1)
The Decision Tree
529(3)
Concluding Thoughts about the Normative Decision Model
532(2)
The Situational Leadership® Model
534(1)
Leader Behaviors
534(2)
Follower Readiness
536(1)
Prescriptions of the Model
536(1)
Concluding Thoughts about the Situational Leadership® Model
537(2)
The Contingency Model
539(1)
The Least Preferred Co-worker Scale
539(2)
Situational Favorability
541(1)
Prescriptions of the Model
542(2)
Concluding Thoughts about the Contingency Model
544(2)
The Path-Goal Theory
546(1)
Leader Behaviors
546(1)
The Followers
547(2)
The Situation
549(1)
Prescriptions of the Theory
550(1)
Concluding Thoughts about the Path-Goal Theory
551(2)
Summary
553(7)
Chapter 14 Leadership and Change
560(53)
Introduction
560(1)
The Rational Approach to Organizational Change
561(3)
Dissatisfaction
564(2)
Model
566(3)
Process
569(1)
Resistance
570(4)
Concluding Comments about the Rational Approach to Organizational Change
574(3)
The Emotional Approach to Organizational Change: Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
577(1)
Charismatic Leadership: A Historical Review
577(7)
What Are the Common Characteristics of Charismatic and Transformational Leadership?
584(1)
Leader Characteristics
584(1)
Vision
584(1)
Rhetorical Skills
585(1)
Image and Trust Building
586(2)
Personalized Leadership
588(1)
Follower Characteristics
588(1)
Identification with the Leader and the Vision
589(1)
Heightened Emotional Levels
589(1)
Willing Subordination to the Leader
589(1)
Feelings of Empowerment
589(2)
Situational Characteristics
591(1)
Crises
591(1)
Social Networks
592(1)
Other Situational Characteristics
592(1)
Concluding Thoughts about the Characteristics of Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
592(3)
Bass's Theory of Transformational and Transactional Leadership
595(2)
Research Results of Transformational and Transactional Leadership
597(2)
Summary
599(14)
Chapter 15 The Dark Side of Leadership
613(53)
Introduction
613(3)
Destructive Leadership
616(4)
Managerial Incompetence
620(6)
Managerial Derailment
626(9)
The Six Root Causes of Managerial Incompetence and Derailment
635(2)
Stuff Happens: Situational and Follower Factors in Managerial Derailment
637(3)
The Lack of Organizational Fit: Stranger in a Strange Land
640(2)
More Clues for the Clueless: Lack of Situational and Self-Awareness
642(2)
Lack of Intelligence, Subject Matter Expertise, and Team-Building Know-How: Real Men of Genius
644(4)
Poor Followership: Fire Me, Please
648(3)
Dark-Side Personality Traits: Personality as a Method of Birth Control
651(5)
Summary
656(10)
Chapter 16 Skills for Optimizing Leadership as Situations Change
666(29)
Creating a Compelling Vision
666(1)
Ideas: The Future Picture
667(1)
Expectations: Values and Performance Standards
668(1)
Emotional Energy: The Power and the Passion
669(1)
Edge: Stories, Analogies, and Metaphors
670(1)
Managing Conflict
671(1)
What Is Conflict?
671(1)
Is Conflict Always Bad?
672(1)
Conflict Resolution Strategies
673(4)
Negotiation
677(1)
Prepare for the Negotiation
677(1)
Separate the People from the Problem
677(1)
Focus on Interests, Not Positions
677(1)
Diagnosing Performance Problems in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations
678(1)
Expectations
679(1)
Capabilities
679(1)
Opportunities
680(1)
Motivation
680(1)
Concluding Comments on the Diagnostic Model
680(1)
Team Building at the Top
680(1)
Executive Teams Are Different
681(1)
Applying Individual Skills and Team Skills
681(1)
Tripwire Lessons
682(3)
Punishment
685(1)
Myths Surrounding the Use of Punishment
686(1)
Punishment, Satisfaction, and Performance
687(3)
Administering Punishment
690(5)
Index 695
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy leads efforts in nano-enabled medicine and cosmetics domains within the Materials Research and Technology Department at Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (http://list.lu). He has spent his entire career to date in technology development environments, successfully integrating fundamental, cross-disciplinary, and translational aspects of fabrication, processing, and investigation of nanostructured materials and interfaces. He brings more than 10 years of transnational experience to advantage in driving innovation at the interface of nanotechnology, biology, and medicine. He has an active engagement in several professional activities, serving as a member of organizing committees in international conferences, member of journal editorial boards, and reviewer of grants, peer-reviewing journal articles, and scientific and administrative management of researchers at different levels.