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E-raamat: Nanophotonics and Plasmonics: An Integrated View

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Nanophotonics and Plasmonics: An Integrated ViewSuurem pilt
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This book provides a first integrated view of nanophotonics and plasmonics, covering the use of dielectric, semiconductor, and metal nanostructures to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. The presentation highlights similarities and advantages, and shows the common underlying physics, targets, and methodologies used for different materials (optically transparent materials for nanophotonics, vs opaque materials for plasmonics). Ultimately, the goal is to provide a basis for developing a unified platform for both fields. In addition to the fundamentals and detailed theoretical background, the book showcases the main device applications. Ching Eng (Jason) Png is Director of the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. Yuriy A. Akimov is a scientist in the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
Preface xi
I Fundamentals
1(100)
1 Electromagnetic fields in uniform media
3(22)
Yuriy Akimov
Pavlo Rutkevych
1.1 Electromagnetic field equations
3(6)
1.1.1 Maxwell's equations in medium
3(3)
1.1.2 Material equations
6(1)
1.1.3 Temporal and spatial dispersion
7(2)
1.2 Local response approximation
9(8)
1.2.1 Energy of electromagnetic field in medium
9(1)
1.2.2 Properties of complex dielectric permittivity
10(2)
1.2.3 Medium response modeling
12(5)
1.3 Electromagnetic fields in medium
17(5)
1.3.1 Electromagnetic field generation
17(1)
1.3.2 Bulk eigenwaves
18(1)
1.3.3 Quasi-particle classification
18(4)
1.4 Summary
22(3)
Bibliography
22(3)
2 Electromagnetic waves in bounded media
25(22)
Yuriy Akimov
2.1 Electromagnetic fields in bounded media
25(4)
2.1.1 Material relations for inhomogeneous media
25(1)
2.1.2 Electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous media
26(2)
2.1.3 Piecewise homogeneous media
28(1)
2.2 Boundary effects
29(5)
2.2.1 Boundary conditions
29(1)
2.2.2 Bulk eigenfields in real space
29(3)
2.2.3 Eigenfields of piecewise homogeneous media
32(2)
2.3 Polaritons of bounded media
34(11)
2.3.1 Hybridization of bulk polaritons
34(1)
2.3.2 Polaritons of interface
35(4)
2.3.3 Polaritons of slab
39(6)
2.4 Summary
45(2)
Bibliography
45(2)
3 Localized polaritons of single-particle systems
47(22)
Yuriy Akimov
3.1 Localized polaritons
47(4)
3.1.1 Eigenfield quantization
47(3)
3.1.2 Wavefunctions of polariton eigenfields
50(1)
3.2 Localized polaritons of planar systems
51(6)
3.2.1 Planar eigenfields
51(1)
3.2.2 Planar eigenoscillations
52(5)
3.3 Localized polaritons of cylindrical systems
57(4)
3.3.1 Cylindrical eigenfields
57(1)
3.3.2 Cylindrical eigenoscillations
58(3)
3.4 Localized polaritons of spherical systems
61(5)
3.4.1 Spherical eigenfields
62(1)
3.4.2 Spherical eigenoscillations
63(3)
3.5 Summary
66(3)
Bibliography
66(3)
4 Localized polaritons of multi-particle systems
69(32)
Lin Wu
Valerian Hongjie Chen
Ping Bai
Song Sun
4.1 Inter-particle polariton hybridization
69(8)
4.1.1 Capacitive coupling: eigenmode hybridization theory
69(2)
4.1.2 Conductive coupling: charge-transfer polaritons
71(2)
4.1.3 Link between capacitive and conductive coupling
73(4)
4.2 Polariton hybridization effects
77(9)
4.2.1 Electric and magnetic responses
78(4)
4.2.2 Directional radiation
82(1)
4.2.3 Fano resonances
83(2)
4.2.4 Chirality resonances
85(1)
4.3 Polariton hybridization in complex systems
86(5)
4.3.1 Image-coupled nanoparticle-on-mirror systems
86(2)
4.3.2 Metal-dielectric hybrid systems
88(2)
4.3.3 Periodically ordered particles
90(1)
4.4 Summary
91(10)
Bibliography
92(9)
II Applications of localized eigenmodes
101(114)
5 Nanostructural coloration
103(30)
Ravi S. Hegde
5.1 Introduction and background
103(3)
5.1.1 Quantification of color
105(1)
5.2 Coloration by nanostructures
106(16)
5.2.1 Structural color in nanoparticle arrays
107(6)
5.2.2 Structural color in nanoaperture arrays
113(2)
5.2.3 Split-complementary nanostructured reflective color filters
115(7)
5.3 Emerging materials for structural coloration
122(3)
5.4 Summary
125(8)
Bibliography
126(7)
6 Nanostructure-enhanced fluorescence emission
133(18)
Song Sun
Lin Wu
Ping Bai
6.1 Introduction and background
133(4)
6.1.1 Application of fluorescent emitters
133(1)
6.1.2 Types of fluorescent emitters
134(1)
6.1.3 Enhancement of fluorescence with nanostructures
135(2)
6.2 Fluorescence emission mechanism
137(3)
6.2.1 Classical description
137(1)
6.2.2 Two-photon absorption mechanism
138(2)
6.3 Enhancement with metal nanostructures
140(3)
6.3.1 Metal nanoparticles
140(1)
6.3.2 Metal thin films
140(2)
6.3.3 Modified emission directivity
142(1)
6.4 Enhancement with dielectric nanostructures
143(3)
6.4.1 Photonic crystal microcavities
144(1)
6.4.2 Dielectric nanoantennas
144(1)
6.4.3 Metal-dielectric hybrid structures
145(1)
6.5 Summary
146(5)
Bibliography
147(4)
7 Chiral optics
151(24)
Eng Huat Khoo
Wee Kee Phua
Yew Li Hor
Yan Jun Liu
1.1 Introduction and background
151(4)
7.1.1 History of chiroptics
151(1)
7.1.2 Natural optical activity
152(2)
7.1.3 Chiroptical effects
154(1)
7.2 Flat chiral nanostructures
155(12)
7.2.1 Single-layer chiral systems
155(6)
7.2.2 Multi-layer chiral systems
161(6)
7.3 Biosensing with flat chiral systems
167(4)
7.3.1 Sensing of G-actin
167(1)
7.3.2 Sensing of F-actin
167(2)
7.3.3 Effects of superchiral fields
169(2)
7.4 Summary
171(4)
Bibliography
171(4)
8 Localized polariton-based sensors
175(24)
Ping Bai
Xiaodong Zhou
Tenit Wong
Lin Wu
Song Sun
8.1 Operation principles
175(1)
8.2 Sensing structures
176(7)
8.2.1 Nanoparticles
176(2)
8.2.2 Periodic nanostructures
178(5)
8.3 Light illumination effects
183(4)
8.3.1 Front and rear illumination
184(2)
8.3.2 Oblique illumination
186(1)
8.4 Effects of nanostructure materials
187(2)
8.5 Nanochip fabrication and characterization
189(4)
8.6 Point-of-care sensing systems
193(4)
8.6.1 System configuration
194(1)
8.6.2 System characterization
195(2)
8.7 Summary
197(2)
Bibliography
197(2)
9 Metasurfaces for flat optics
199(16)
Zhengtong Liu
9.1 Introduction and background
199(2)
9.1.1 History of metasurface development
199(1)
9.1.2 Generalized Snell's law
200(1)
9.2 Metasurface devices
201(8)
9.2.1 Metasurfaces using rods as meta-atoms
202(2)
9.2.2 Metasurfaces using V-shaped meta-atoms
204(3)
9.2.3 Metasurfaces with other meta-atom shapes
207(1)
9.2.4 Material selections for metasurfaces
208(1)
9.3 Summary
209(6)
Bibliography
211(4)
III Applications of propagating eigenmodes
215(130)
10 Guiding light with resonant nanoparticles
219(16)
Hong-Son Chu
Thomas Y.L. Ang
10.1 Introduction and background
219(5)
10.1.1 Guiding light with coupled nanoparticles
220(4)
10.2 Design considerations for on-chip integration
224(2)
10.3 Nanocoupler for chain waveguide
226(3)
10.3.1 Direct coupler
226(1)
10.3.2 Tapered coupler
227(2)
10.4 Nanoparticle bend chain
229(2)
10.5 Summary
231(4)
Bibliography
231(4)
11 Sub-wavelength slot waveguides
235(22)
Hong-Son Chu
11.1 Introduction
235(1)
11.2 Overview of sub-wavelength waveguides
236(4)
11.3 Metal-nanoparticle double-chain waveguide
240(5)
11.3.1 Waveguide specifications
240(1)
11.3.2 Operation characteristics
240(5)
11.4 Sub-wavelength slab-slot waveguides
245(7)
11.4.1 Waveguide specifications
245(2)
11.4.2 Operation characteristics
247(5)
11.5 Summary
252(5)
Bibliography
252(5)
12 Photodetectors
257(18)
Ching Eng Png
Song Sun
Ping Bai
12.1 Introduction and background
257(1)
12.2 Semiconductor-based photodetectors
258(4)
12.2.1 InxGa1-xAs photodetectors
258(1)
12.2.2 Ge-on-Si photodetectors
259(2)
12.2.3 All-Si photodetectors
261(1)
12.3 Photodetectors based on low-dimensional materials
262(3)
12.3.1 Graphene-based photodetectors
262(1)
12.3.2 Carbon nanotube-based photodetectors
263(2)
12.4 Metal-based photodetectors
265(4)
12.4.1 Electrode surface polaritons
265(2)
12.4.2 Metal antenna-based photodetectors
267(1)
12.4.3 Photodetectors without semiconductors
268(1)
12.5 Future outlook
269(6)
Bibliography
270(5)
13 Integrated nonlinear photonics
275(30)
Jun Rong Ong
13.1 Introduction and background
275(6)
13.1.1 Physical basis
276(3)
13.1.2 Material platforms and properties
279(2)
13.2 Integrated nonlinear silicon photonics
281(8)
13.2.1 Overview and challenges
281(3)
13.2.2 Application of nonlinearities
284(2)
13.2.3 Engineering waveguide structures for nonlinear photonics
286(3)
13.3 Integrated nonlinear quantum photonics
289(3)
13.3.1 Photon pair generation via nonlinear silicon photonics
290(1)
13.3.2 Experiments using entangled photon pairs
291(1)
13.3.3 Quantum frequency conversion
291(1)
13.4 Future outlook
292(13)
Bibliography
293(12)
14 Integrated nanophotonics for multi-user quantum key distribution networks
305(40)
Han Chuen Lim
Mao Tong Liu
14.1 Introduction and background
305(3)
14.1.1 Significance of QKD
306(1)
14.1.2 Challenges
307(1)
14.2 Multi-user QKD network
308(4)
14.2.1 Backbone QKD links
308(2)
14.2.2 QKD access networks
310(2)
14.3 Wavelength-multiplexed entanglement-based QKD
312(5)
14.3.1 Prepare-and-measure QKD
312(1)
14.3.2 Entanglement-based QKD
312(1)
14.3.3 Entanglement distribution in a network
313(2)
14.3.4 Wavelength-multiplexed entanglement distribution
315(2)
14.4 Integrated nanophotonics for QKD applications
317(12)
14.4.1 Ideal single-photon source and weak coherent source
317(1)
14.4.2 On-chip entangled photon generation
317(7)
14.4.3 On-chip photon detection
324(1)
14.4.4 On-chip photon wavelength demultiplexing
325(1)
14.4.5 Toward fully monolithic integration
326(3)
14.5 Future outlook
329(16)
Bibliography
330(15)
Index 345
Ching Eng (Jason) Png is Director of the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. He got his PhD degree from the University of Surrey, UK (2004), executive MBA degrees from INSEAD, France (2014) and Tsinghua University, China (2014). Dr. Png started his career at Agilent Technologies leading manufacturing of optical transceivers and joined Institute of High Performance Computing in 2005. His research interests span from quantum and highspeed photonics to chargetransfer plasmonics and electromagnetics. He received a string of technical and entrepreneurship awards including the prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Prize, IET Innovation Award in Software Design (highly commended), Skolkovo Prize at the INSEAD Venture Competition, and the Spring TECS ProofofValue grant. Dr. Png serves on the national committee for the United Nations General Assembly sanctioned International Light of Year 2015, SPIE Photonics West technical program, and Founding Chair for URSI Singapore Chapter. He cofounded Optic2Connect Pte Ltd, which is the first spinoff company from Institute of High Performance Computing commercializing silicon photonics.

Yuriy A. Akimov is a scientist in the Electronics & Photonics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. He received his MS (2002) and PhD (2005) degrees in Plasma Physics from the V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University in Ukraine. Dr. Akimov started his carrier at the Institute of High Technologies, Ukraine in 2002, and joined the Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore in 2008. His expertise is in the theory of electrodynamic systems with a strong background in Physics and extensive simulation experience in Nonlinear Optics, Plasma Physics, Plasmonics, Nanophotonics, Photovoltaics, and Computational Spectroscopy. His major area of research is optical properties of dielectric, semiconductor, and metal nanostructures. Dr. Akimov is recipient of numerous academic awards and scholarships, including toplevel awards from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. He has authored or coauthored over 90 peerreviewed journal papers, conference proceedings, and book chapters.
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