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E-raamat: Nanosensors: Theory and Applications in Industry, Healthcare and Defense

Edited by (School of Science and Technology, SIM University, Singapore)
  • Formaat: 334 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439807378
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Nanosensors: Theory and Applications in Industry, Healthcare and DefenseSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 334 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439807378
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Nanosensors are rapidly becoming a technology of choice across diverse fields. They offer effective and affordable options for detecting and measuring chemical and physical properties in difficult-to-reach biological and industrial systems operating at the nanoscale. However, with nanosensor development occurring in so many fields, it has become difficult to stay current with the latest research and emerging applications.

NANOSENSORS: Theory and Applications in Industry, Healthcare and Defense answers the need for a comprehensive resource on advances in this area. Dr. Teik-Cheng Lim, a highly regarded expert in novel materials and nanosensors crosses disciplines to bring together 17 pioneering experts who address the fundamental principles of nanosensors and their diverse applications. Serving to stimulate a convergence of information across otherwise isolated disciplines, this volume covers











Carbon-nanotube (CNT)-based sensors and their uses with a range of analytes, including gaseous molecules, organic charge transfer complexes, proteins, DNA, and antibodies CNT-based fluidic sensors for studying the shear stress of blood vessels and cells, useful in diagnosing many diseases Nanomechanical cantilever sensors, which offer low cost, fast response, and high specificity without the need for pre-analysis labeling Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly and the Langmuir Blodgett (LB) technique, highly efficient approaches when working with expensive biological compounds

Fluorescence resonance energy for intracellular glucose monitoring Noble metal nanoparticles with their unique optical properties as colorimetric probes for biological analysis Optical capillary sensors as an affordable tool for classifying liquid samples Nanosensors in bioinformatics and their role in a much needed systems approach to healthcare

With so much activity occurring in so many fields, further progress in the area of nanosensors is certain. Through the convergence of findings across many fields, as exemplified by this book, that progress can be accelerated.
Preface vii
Editor ix
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Sensors
1(30)
Lianxi Zheng
B.C. Satishkumar
1.1 Introduction
2(2)
1.2 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
4(1)
1.3 Relevant Physical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes
5(1)
1.4 Chemical Sensors and MEMS-Based Nanotube Sensors
6(9)
1.4.1 Individual CNT Chemical Sensors
7(1)
1.4.2 CNT Network/Film-Based Chemical Sensors
7(2)
1.4.3 CNT Array-Based Gas Sensors
9(1)
1.4.4 Metal-Nanoparticle-Modified CNT Sensors
10(1)
1.4.5 Polymer-Functionalized CNT Chemical Sensors
11(1)
1.4.6 CNT-Templated Materials for Gas Sensors
12(2)
1.4.7 MEMS Sensors Using CNTs
14(1)
1.5 Biosensors, Drug Delivery, and Bioimaging
15(9)
1.5.1 Biosensing Studies with Isolated CNTs
15(3)
1.5.2 Biosensing Using CNT Composites and Arrays
18(1)
1.5.3 CNTs for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging Studies
19(5)
1.6 Conclusions and Outlook
24(7)
References
25(6)
Chapter 2 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Fluidic Shear-Stress Sensors
31(38)
Winnie W. Y. Chow
Yanli Qu
Wen J. Li
2.1 Overview of Carbon Nanotube Sensors
32(1)
2.2 Types of Shear-Stress Sensors
33(4)
2.2.1 Direct Measurement
33(1)
2.2.2 Indirect Measurement
34(3)
2.3 Operating Principle of the CNT Sensor Shear-Stress Sensor
37(2)
2.4 Dielectrophoretic Batch Manipulation of CNTs
39(3)
2.4.1 Theoretical Background
39(1)
2.4.2 Manipulation of CNTs
40(2)
2.5 Integrated SWCNT Sensors in Micro-Wind Tunnel for Airflow Shear-Stress Measurement
42(9)
2.5.1 Experimental Details
42(1)
2.5.1.1 Fabrication Process of the Integrated CNT Sensor Chip
42(3)
2.5.1.2 Experimental Setup
45(1)
2.5.2 Results and Discussions
46(1)
2.5.2.1 Characteristics of SWCNTs
46(1)
2.5.2.2 Sensor Response Toward Airflow Inside a Micro-Wind Tunnel
47(3)
2.5.3 Summary
50(1)
2.6 Ultralow-Powered EG-CNT Sensors for Aqueous Shear-Stress Measurement in Microfluidic Systems
51(13)
2.6.1 Experimental Details
51(1)
2.6.1.1 Sensor Design and Fabrication
51(2)
2.6.1.2 Experimental Setup
53(1)
2.6.2 Results and Discussions
54(1)
2.6.2.1 Characteristics of EG-CNTs
54(3)
2.6.2.2 Sensor Sensitivity
57(3)
2.6.2.3 Thermal Dissipation Principle
60(1)
2.6.2.4 Transient Heat Transfer under Nature Convection
60(2)
2.6.2.5 Dynamic Response under Forced Convection
62(2)
2.6.3 Summary
64(1)
2.7 Comparison of Different Shear-Stress Sensors
64(1)
2.8 Conclusions
65(4)
Acknowledgments
66(1)
References
66(3)
Chapter 3 Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors: Theory and Applications
69(28)
Yifan Liu
Wenxing Wang
Wenmiao Shu
3.1 Introduction
70(1)
3.2 Operation Principles
70(2)
3.3 Preparation of Microcantilever Sensors
72(4)
3.3.1 Device Fabrication
72(1)
3.3.2 Surface Functionalization Techniques
73(3)
3.4 Readout Techniques
76(2)
3.4.1 Optical
76(1)
3.4.2 Piezoresistive/Piezoelectric
77(1)
3.4.3 Sensor Arrays
78(1)
3.5 Biosensing Applications
78(7)
3.6 Defense Applications
85(6)
3.6.1 Industry: Gas/Vapor Sensors
85(1)
3.6.2 Defense: Explosives
86(4)
3.6.3 Preconcentrator
90(1)
3.6.4 Theoretical Analysis of Sensitivity
90(1)
3.7 Conclusions
91(6)
References
91(6)
Chapter 4 Protein Thin Films: Sensing Elements for Sensors
97(72)
Laura Pastorino
Svetlana Erokhina
4.1 Introdcution
98(23)
4.1.1 Layer-by-Layer Films of Proteins
102(1)
4.1.1.1 Introduction to the LbL Self-Assembly Technique
102(1)
4.1.1.2 General Assembly Procedure
102(2)
4.1.1.3 LbL Protein Films: General Aspects
104(3)
4.1.1.4 Techniques for the Characterization of LbL Films
107(3)
4.1.1.5 Protein-Containing LbL Films for Biosensor Applications
110(6)
4.1.1.6 Sensoric-LbL Micro/Nanocapsules
116(5)
4.2 Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Proteins
121(21)
4.2.1 Introduction to Protein LB Films
121(1)
4.2.2 Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface
121(8)
4.2.3 Specific Features of the Proteins in LB Films
129(2)
4.2.4 Fromherz Trough as a Tool for Protein-Containing LB Film Formation
131(2)
4.2.5 Protein-Containing LB Films for Biosensor Applications
133(3)
4.2.5.1 Antibody-Containing LB Films
136(2)
4.2.5.2 Enzyme-Containing LB Films
138(2)
4.2.5.3 DNA-Containing Monolayers and LB Films
140(2)
4.3 Conclusions
142(27)
Acknowledgments
143(1)
References
143(26)
Chapter 5 FRET-Based Nanosensors for Intracellular Glucose Monitoring
169(14)
Jithesh V. Veetil
Sha Jin
Kaiming Ye
5.1 Introduction
169(1)
5.2 Detection of Intracellular Glucose within Living Cells
170(9)
5.2.1 Nonfluorescent Sensors for Detecting Glucose within Living Cells
170(1)
5.2.2 Fluorescent Sensors for Nondestructive Measuring of Glucose
171(3)
5.2.3 FRET Nanosensors for Visualization of Glucose within Living Cells
174(5)
5.3 Prospective
179(4)
References
179(4)
Chapter 6 Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Probes for Biological Analysis
183(32)
Xiaodi Su
6.1 Introduction
184(1)
6.2 Fundamental Issues
185(5)
6.2.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Noble Metal Nanoparticles
185(2)
6.2.2 Colloidal Stabilization
187(1)
6.2.3 Control of Nanoparticles Aggregation and Dispersion in Colorimetric Assays
188(1)
6.2.4 Quantification of Nanoparticle Aggregation and Dispersion
189(1)
6.3 Colorimetric Assays for Various Analyte Species and Biological Processes
190(16)
6.3.1 Nucleic Acids
190(3)
6.3.2 Aptamers and Their Targets
193(4)
6.3.3 DNA Binders---Drug, Metal Ion, and Protein
197(3)
6.3.4 Enzymatic Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation
200(2)
6.3.5 Enzymatic Cleavage of Nucleic Acids
202(1)
6.3.5.1 DNA Cleavage by Endonucleases
202(2)
6.3.5.2 DNAzyme Cleavage for Metal Sensing
204(2)
6.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
206(9)
Acknowledgment
208(1)
References
208(7)
Chapter 7 Optical Capillary Sensors for Intelligent Classification of Microfluidic Samples
215(32)
Michal Borecki
Michael L. Korwin-Pawlowski
7.1 Introduction
216(1)
7.2 Operating Principles and Construction Aspects of the Optical Capillary Head
217(10)
7.2.1 General Description of the Sensor System
217(2)
7.2.2 The Measurement Cycle of the Capillary Sensor
219(1)
7.2.2.1 Filling the Short Section of the Capillary with the Analyzed Liquid
219(1)
7.2.2.2 Local Heating of the Liquid in the Capillary to Generate a Transient Response
219(3)
7.2.2.3 Introduction of the Optical Signal to the Short Capillaries Filled with Liquid
222(2)
7.2.2.4 Signal Detection in Optical Capillary Sensors
224(3)
7.3 Examination of Liquids Using Optical Capillary Sensors
227(16)
7.3.1 Examination of Chemical Liquids
227(4)
7.3.2 Examination of Biofuels
231(1)
7.3.2.1 The Design of the Dedicated Sensor Head
231(1)
7.3.2.2 Classification of Biofuel Mixtures
232(4)
7.3.3 Examination of Milk
236(7)
7.4 Summary
243(4)
Acknowledgments
243(1)
References
244(3)
Chapter 8 Future Healthcare: Bioinformatics, Nano-Sensors, and Emerging Innovations
247(66)
Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
8.1 Introduction
248(2)
8.2 Problem Space
250(3)
8.2.1 Background
250(2)
8.2.2 Focus
252(1)
8.3 Solution Space
253(37)
8.3.1 Existing Electronic Medical Records Systems
253(4)
8.3.2 Changing the Dynamics of Medical Data and Information Flow
257(8)
8.3.3 Data Acquired through Remote Monitoring and Wireless Sensor Network
265(8)
8.3.4 Innovation in Wireless Remote Monitoring and the Emergence of Nano-Butlers
273(17)
8.4 Innovation Space: Molecular Semantics
290(6)
8.4.1 Molecular Semantics is about Structure Recognition
290(6)
8.5 Auxiliary Space
296(5)
8.5.1 Potential for Massive Growth of Service Industry in Healthcare
296(2)
8.5.2 Back to Basics Approach is Key to Stimulate Convergence
298(3)
8.6 Temporary Conclusion: Abundance of Data Yet Starved for Knowledge?
301(12)
Acknowledgment
301(1)
References
302(11)
Index 313
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