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E-raamat: Nanotechnology Commercialization

(Australian National University, Australia)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789814303293
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Nanotechnology CommercializationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Apr-2016
  • Kirjastus: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789814303293
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Contributors at the border of science and business explore the potential for the commercial exploitation of nanotechnology, focusing on engineered nanoparticle materials. Among their topics are applications and market opportunities, commercial scale production, the five critical success factors to a nanotech-enabled whole product, government regulation of nanotechnologies, the safety of engineered nanomaterials and occupational health and safety issues for commercial-scale production, and management concepts and challenges for nano-manufacturers. Distributed in the US by CRC Press. Annotation ©2014 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

In terms of commercialization, nanomaterials occupy a unique place in nanotechnology. Engineered nanomaterials, especially nanoparticulate materials, are the leading sector in nanotechnology commercialization. In addition, the nanomaterial sector has attracted much more heated debate than any other nanotechnology sector with regard to safety, regulation, standardization, and ethics. This is the first book on nanotechnology commercialization that deals exclusively with nanomaterials. It provides overviews of the current trends in, and the issues associated with, the commercialization of nanomaterials by some of the foremost nanotechnology experts in their fields.

Preface xvii
1 Properties of Nanoparticulate Materials
1(38)
Takuya Tsuzuki
1.1 Introduction
2(2)
1.2 Nanoparticulate Materials
4(1)
1.3 Common Characteristics of All Types of Nanoparticulate Materials
5(14)
1.3.1 High Surface Area
5(1)
1.3.1.1 Specific surface area
5(1)
1.3.1.2 Melting point depression
6(1)
1.3.1.3 Solubility enhancement
7(1)
1.3.1.4 Reduced sintering temperature
8(1)
1.3.1.5 Thermodynamically metastable crystal structures
9(2)
1.3.1.6 Luminescent quenching
11(1)
1.3.1.7 Surface treatments
12(1)
1.3.2 Small Light-Scattering Power
13(1)
1.3.3 Phonon Confinement Effects
14(1)
1.3.4 Nanoparticle Suspension Systems
15(1)
1.3.4.1 Distance between particles
15(2)
1.3.4.2 Particle dispersion
17(1)
1.3.4.3 Rheology
17(1)
1.3.4.4 Light scattering
18(1)
1.4 Characteristics of Specific Types of Nanoparticulate Materials
19(13)
1.4.1 Semiconductor Nanoparticles
20(2)
1.4.2 Metal Nanoparticles
22(2)
1.4.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
24(1)
1.4.3.1 Fullerenes
24(1)
1.4.3.2 Carbon nanotubes
25(1)
1.4.3.3 Graphenes
26(1)
1.4.4 Magnetic Nanomaterials
27(1)
1.4.4.1 Magnetic materials
27(2)
1.4.4.2 Finite size effect: single domain
29(1)
1.4.4.3 Finite size effect: superparamagnetism
30(1)
1.4.4.4 Surface effect
30(2)
1.5 Summary
32(7)
2 Applications and Market Opportunities of Nanoparticulate Materials
39(34)
Takuya Tsuzuki
2.1 Introduction
39(2)
2.2 Nanotechnology Market
41(2)
2.3 Opportunities and Challenges
43(21)
2.3.1 Energy Sector
44(1)
2.3.1.1 Energy production
44(1)
2.3.1.2 Energy storage
45(1)
2.3.1.3 Energy conservation
46(1)
2.3.1.4 Market for energy nanotechnology
47(2)
2.3.2 Medical, Personal Care and Pharmaceutical Sector
49(1)
2.3.2.1 Applications for medical nanotechnology
49(2)
2.3.2.2 Market for medical nanotechnology
51(2)
2.3.3 Environment Sector
53(2)
2.3.4 Electronics Sector
55(2)
2.3.5 Textile Sector
57(2)
2.3.6 Food and Agriculture Sectors
59(2)
2.3.7 Other Sectors Including Industrial Materials and Paints
61(3)
2.4 Nanoparticle Applications in Consumer Products
64(3)
2.5 Summary
67(6)
3 Production Techniques of Nanoparticles on a Laboratory Scale
73(66)
Putla Sudarsanam
Benjaram M. Reddy
3.1 Introduction
74(3)
3.2 Precipitation Methods
77(4)
3.3 Deposition-Precipitation (DP) Techniques
81(4)
3.4 Sol-Gel Methods
85(7)
3.4.1 Aqueous Sol-Gel Method
86(2)
3.4.2 Non-Aqueous (or Non-Hydrolytic) Sol-Gel Method
88(4)
3.5 Microemulsion Techniques
92(6)
3.5.1 Oil-in-Water (O/W) Microemulsion Method
92(2)
3.5.2 Water-in-Oil (W/O) Microemulsion Method
94(3)
3.5.3 Water-in-scCO2 (W/scCO2) Microemulsion Method
97(1)
3.6 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods
98(6)
3.6.1 Hydrothermal Method
98(4)
3.6.2 Solvothermal Method
102(2)
3.7 Microwave-Assisted Techniques
104(3)
3.8 Polyol Methods
107(3)
3.9 Liquid Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis (LF-FSP) Methods
110(3)
3.10 Template-Directed Synthetic Techniques
113(3)
3.11 Mechanochemical Processing
116(2)
3.12 Ionic Liquid-Assisted Methods
118(2)
3.13 Conclusions
120(19)
4 Commercial-Scale Production of Nanoparticles
139(32)
Takuya Tsuzuki
4.1 Introduction
139(1)
4.2 Methods Used in the Commercial-Scale Production of Nanoparticles
140(14)
4.2.1 Challenges in Production Scale-Up
140(2)
4.2.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles
142(1)
4.2.2.1 Mechanical grinding/milling (top-down)
143(1)
4.2.2.2 Vapour phase technique (bottom-up)
143(1)
4.2.2.3 Liquid-phase technique (bottom-up)
144(1)
4.2.2.4 Solid-phase technique; mechanochemical processing (bottom-up)
145(1)
4.2.2.5 Which methods and why?
146(2)
4.2.3 Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
148(1)
4.2.3.1 Carbon nanotubes
148(4)
4.2.3.2 Fullerenes
152(1)
4.2.3.3 Diamond nanoparticles
153(1)
4.3 Effects of Production Methods on the Properties of Commercial Nanoparticles
154(10)
4.3.1 ZnO
155(6)
4.3.2 CeO2
161(3)
4.4 Summary
164(7)
5 The Commercialisation of Nanotechnology: The Five Critical Success Factors to a Nanotech-Enabled Whole Product
171(34)
Craig Belcher
Richard Marshall
Grant Edwards
Darren Martin
5.1 Introduction
172(4)
5.1.1 The Valley of Death
173(3)
5.2 Nanotechnology Commercialisation Critical Success Factors
176(24)
5.2.1 Product Orientation (and Not Technology Admiration)
176(1)
5.2.1.1 The need for focus on the single most commercially viable and attainable application
176(4)
5.2.1.2 The need to start with an exhaustive list of potential base markets and applications
180(4)
5.2.2 Continuous Market Interaction and Selection of a Beachhead Application
184(3)
5.2.3 Application of Spiral Product Development Methodology
187(4)
5.2.4 Attraction and Retention of Commercialisation Partners
191(7)
5.2.5 Mitigation of Nanotechnology-Specific Technology Risks
198(1)
5.2.5.1 Manufacturing methods and scale-up
198(1)
5.2.5.2 Quality control and specification tolerance of nanotechnology in the whole product
199(1)
5.2.5.3 Occupational and environmental health and safety
199(1)
5.3 Conclusions
200(5)
6 Overcoming Nanotechnology Commercialisation Challenges: Case Studies of Nanotechnology Ventures
205(34)
Elicia Maine
6.1 Introduction
205(1)
6.2 Case Studies
206(17)
6.2.1 Hyperion Catalysis
207(4)
6.2.2 NanoGram/NeoPhotonics Corp.
211(6)
6.2.3 Degussa Advanced Nanomaterials (AdNano)
217(6)
6.3 Analysis of Case Study Commercialisation Challenges
223(4)
6.4 Approaches to Nanotech Commercialisation Critical Success Factors
227(8)
6.4.1 Product Orientation (and Not Technology Admiration)
227(1)
6.4.2 Continuous Market Interaction and Selection of a Beachhead Application
228(2)
6.4.3 Application of Spiral Product Development Methodology
230(1)
6.4.4 Attraction and Maintenance of Commercialisation Partners
231(1)
6.4.5 Mitigation of Nanotechnology-Specific Technology Risks
232(2)
6.4.6 Licensing vs. Manufacturing Decision
234(1)
6.5 Conclusion
235(4)
7 Intellectual Property and Nanomaterials: Trend and Strategy
239(26)
Daisuke Kanama
7.1 Introduction
239(1)
7.2 Background: Patent Application Trends within Each Strategic Priority Area in Japan
240(2)
7.3 Trend in Patent Applications in the Area of Nanotechnology
242(12)
7.3.1 Classification
242(4)
7.3.2 Trends in Nanotechnology Patents in the Four Largest Patent Organisations
246(1)
7.3.3 Trends in Nanotechnology Patent Application According to the Applicant's Nationality
247(2)
7.3.4 Number of Nanotechnology Patent Applications by Corporations, Universities and Public Research Organisations
249(3)
7.3.5 International Comparison of Nanotechnology-Related Patents in Nine Designated Technology Areas
252(2)
7.4 Examples of Applied Nanotechnology: Carbon Nanotube Technology
254(4)
7.4.1 Growth in the Patent Applications Related to CNT
254(1)
7.4.2 Level of the Maturity of CNT Technology from the Perspective of Patent Trends
255(3)
7.4.3 Trends in Patent Application Related to CNT, Based on the Type of Technological Fields
258(1)
7.5 Conclusion: Intellectual Property Strategy in the Field of Nanotechnology
258(5)
7.5.1 IP Strategy at the Stage of Basic Research
258(3)
7.5.2 IP Strategy at the Stage of Application Development
261(1)
7.5.3 Connecting Basic Research and Application Development
262(1)
7.6 Notes
263(2)
7.6.1 Note 1
263(1)
7.6.2 Note 2
263(2)
8 Government Regulation of Nanotechnologies
265(22)
Diana M. Bowman
Joel D'Silva
8.1 Introduction
266(1)
8.2 The World of Regulation: Unpacking Different Regulatory Models
267(4)
8.2.1 State-Based Regulation
268(1)
8.2.2 Civil-Based Regulation
269(1)
8.2.3 Co-Regulation
270(1)
8.3 Current Regulatory Frameworks and Their Effectiveness for Nanotechnologies
271(5)
8.4 Multi-Lateral and Multi-Party Initiatives
276(2)
8.5 Conclusion: Acknowledging the Elephant in the Room
278(9)
9 Metrology, Standards and Measurements Concerning Engineered Nanoparticles
287(44)
Asa Jamting
John Miles
9.1 Metrology: The Science of Measurement
288(1)
9.2 Standards
289(12)
9.2.1 Physical Standards
289(1)
9.2.2 Documentary Standards
290(5)
9.2.3 Reference Materials
295(2)
9.2.4 Nanoparticle Metrology
297(1)
9.2.4.1 Nanoparticle properties
297(2)
9.2.4.2 Nanoparticle size measurements
299(1)
9.2.5 Sampling and Dispersion
300(1)
9.3 Measurement Techniques for Nanoparticle Characterisation
301(1)
9.4 Selected Nanoparticle Size Measurement Techniques: Benefits and Limitations
302(21)
9.4.1 Dynamic Light Scattering
302(1)
9.4.1.1 Principles
302(1)
9.4.1.2 Advantages
303(1)
9.4.1.3 Limitations
304(1)
9.4.1.4 Instrument performance verification
304(1)
9.4.2 Laser Diffraction
304(1)
9.4.2.1 Principles
304(1)
9.4.2.2 Advantages
305(1)
9.4.2.3 Limitations
306(1)
9.4.2.4 Instrument performance verification
306(1)
9.4.3 Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
306(1)
9.4.3.1 Principles
306(1)
9.4.3.2 Advantages
306(1)
9.4.3.3 Limitations
307(1)
9.4.3.4 Instrument performance verification
307(1)
9.4.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy
307(1)
9.4.4.1 Principles
307(1)
9.4.4.2 Advantages
308(1)
9.4.4.3 Limitations
308(1)
9.4.4.4 Instrument performance verification
309(1)
9.4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy
309(1)
9.4.5.1 Principles
309(1)
9.4.5.2 Advantages
310(1)
9.4.5.3 Limitations
310(1)
9.4.5.4 Instrument performance verification
311(1)
9.4.6 Atomic Force Microscopy
311(1)
9.4.6.1 Principles
311(1)
9.4.6.2 Advantages
312(1)
9.4.6.3 Limitations
312(2)
9.4.6.4 Instrument performance verification
314(1)
9.4.7 Particle-Tracking Analysis
314(1)
9.4.7.1 Principles
314(2)
9.4.7.2 Advantages
316(1)
9.4.7.3 Disadvantages
316(1)
9.4.7.4 Instrument performance verification
316(1)
9.4.8 Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation
317(1)
9.4.8.1 Principles
317(1)
9.4.8.2 Advantages
318(1)
9.4.8.3 Disadvantages
319(1)
9.4.8.4 Instrument performance verification
319(1)
9.4.9 Field Flow Fractionation
320(1)
9.4.9.1 Principles
320(2)
9.4.9.2 Advantages
322(1)
9.4.9.3 Disadvantages
322(1)
9.4.9.4 Instrument performance verification
322(1)
9.5 Summary
323(8)
10 Safety of Engineered Nanomaterials and OH&S Issues for Commercial-Scale Production
331(50)
Paul F. A. Wright
Neale R. C. Jackson
10.1 Introduction
331(1)
10.2 Overview of Nanotoxicology
332(23)
10.2.1 Toxic Potential of Nanoparticles
333(2)
10.2.2 Toxicokinetic Characteristics of Nanoparticles
335(1)
10.2.2.1 Absorption
335(2)
10.2.2.2 Distribution
337(1)
10.2.2.3 Metabolism
337(1)
10.2.2.4 Excretion
337(1)
10.2.3 Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Toxicity in Biological Systems
337(1)
10.2.3.1 Particle uptake pathways in cells
338(1)
10.2.3.2 Protein corona effects
339(2)
10.2.4 Summary of Nanoparticle Bioactivity
341(1)
10.2.4.1 Nanoparticle size, and surface area, charge and chemistry effects
341(1)
10.2.4.2 Nanoparticle shape and form effects
342(1)
10.2.4.3 Nanoparticle effects on target cells
342(1)
10.2.4.4 Contaminant effects
343(1)
10.2.4.5 Neurotoxicity potential of nanoparticles
343(1)
10.2.4.6 Immunotoxic potential of nanoparticles
344(1)
10.2.5 Potential Biomarkers of NP Exposure
345(1)
10.2.6 Toxicology of Specific Inorganic Engineered Nanomaterials
346(1)
10.2.6.1 Nano titanium dioxide
346(2)
10.2.6.2 Nano cerium dioxide
348(1)
10.2.6.3 Nano zinc oxide
348(2)
10.2.6.4 Nano gold
350(1)
10.2.6.5 Nano silver
351(1)
10.2.6.6 Nano silica
352(1)
10.2.6.7 Quantum dots
353(1)
10.2.7 Latest Initiatives in Nanosafety Research
353(2)
10.3 Overview of Occupational Health and Safety Issues and Workplace Controls
355(26)
10.3.1 Occupational Health and Safety Issues Relating to Engineered Nanomaterials
355(2)
10.3.2 Nanomaterial Health Risk Assessment
357(3)
10.3.3 Hierarchy of Workplace Controls for Handling Nanomaterials
360(1)
10.3.3.1 Elimination controls
361(1)
10.3.3.2 Substitution and modification controls
361(3)
10.3.3.3 Enclosure controls
364(1)
10.3.3.4 Extraction controls
364(2)
10.3.3.5 Administrative controls
366(1)
10.3.3.6 Personal protective equipment
367(1)
10.3.4 Risk Management and Control Banding
368(13)
11 Managing Nanowaste: Concepts and Challenges for Nanomanufacturers
381(24)
Jeremy Allan
11.1 Introduction
381(1)
11.2 Conceptualising Nanowaste
382(4)
11.2.1 Nanowaste Streams
383(3)
11.3 Measuring Nanowaste
386(2)
11.3.1 Indicators and Parameters
387(1)
11.3.2 Monitoring and Reporting
387(1)
11.4 Managing Nanowaste
388(4)
11.4.1 Corporate Nanowaste Management Policy
389(1)
11.4.2 Disclosure and Transparency
390(1)
11.4.3 Contract Nanowaste Management Services
391(1)
11.5 Nanowaste Risk Management
392(4)
11.5.1 Legal and Regulatory Drivers
392(1)
11.5.2 Risk Assessment Techniques
393(1)
11.5.3 Common Exposure Scenarios
394(1)
11.5.4 Corporate Social Responsibility
395(1)
11.5.5 Extended Producer Responsibility
395(1)
11.6 Nanowaste Handling
396(3)
11.6.1 Routine Nanowaste Handling
397(1)
11.6.2 Contingency Response
397(1)
11.6.3 Nanowaste Containment, Storage and Treatment
398(1)
11.7 Future Directions
399(6)
12 Public Engagement
405(44)
Craig Cormick
12.1 Introduction
405(3)
12.2 Nanotechnology in Society
408(2)
12.3 So What Does Good Engagement Look Like?
410(1)
12.4 Obstacles to Good Engagement
411(2)
12.5 A Short History of Public Engagement
413(1)
12.6 Deficit 2.0
414(4)
12.7 Understanding NGOs and Affected Publics
418(1)
12.8 Public Attitude Research
419(3)
12.9 Engaging the Unengaged
422(8)
12.10 Public Perception Barriers to Good Engagement
430(1)
12.11 Examples of Engagement
430(10)
12.12 Public Engagement Models for the Future
440(2)
12.13 Online Communities and Online Community Engagement
442(1)
12.14 Areas for More Work
443(1)
12.15 So What Does It All Mean?
444(5)
Index 449
Takuya Tsuzuki
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
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